Android6.0运行时权限详解

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曲乐幽香 2022-09-13 16:22:57 博主文章分类：android ©著作权

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1. 运行时获得权限:

Android 5.0之前是注册即可获取权限，Android 5.0之后安装时可以关闭某些权限，Android 6.0开始，一些隐私权限总在第一次运行时提示是否授权。

2. 检查是否获得权限:

ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context,permission)方法，返回值有两种：
PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED

int permissionCheck = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
        Manifest.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR);
   if (permissionCheck == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
     Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "hava this permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
   }else {
     Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "no this permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

3. 请求权限:

ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,permissions,requestCode)
第二个参数是一个String数组；
第三个参数是请求码便于在onRequestPermissionsResult 方法中根据requestCode进行判断。

4. 请求权限后的回调:

请求权限后会回调onRequestPermissionsResult方法，在activity中重写onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode,permissions,grantResults)方法；
grantResults 是 int 类型的数组每个值为
PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED 分别对应permissions的每个请求

@Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {

        switch (requestCode) {
            case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS: {
                // If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty.
                if (grantResults.length > 0
                        && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

                } else

5. 告诉用户为何需要权限:

ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity,permission) 这个方法是在用户拒绝权限后返回true. 也就是说:用户第一次点击一个需要权限的地方,该方法返回false(因为用户没拒绝~),当用户拒绝掉该权限,下次点击此权限处,该方法会返回true.可在里面进行对该权限的说明,然后弹出权限让用户选择,并且对话框有don’t ask again选项

.id.btn_check)
    public void onClick() {

        //判断是否有权限
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(PermissionActivity.this,
                Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            //当用户拒绝掉权限时.
            if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(PermissionActivity.this,
                    Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)) {

                Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "true", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                AlertDialog dialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).setTitle("该权限保证手机不会爆炸^ ^").setPositiveButton("我需要此权限!", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(PermissionActivity.this,
                                new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},
                                MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);
                    }
                }).setNegativeButton("炸吧炸吧~", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "准备爆炸了", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                }).show();

            } else {

                Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "false", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(PermissionActivity.this,
                        new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},
                        MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);

6.用户选择do’t ask again 后

ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity,permission) 方法一直返回false,并且ActivityCompat.requestPermissions不会弹出对话框,系统直接deny,并回调onRequestPermissionsResult方法

@Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {

        switch (requestCode) {
            case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS: {
                // If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty.
                if (grantResults.length > 0
                        && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                } else {
                    showDialog();
                   // Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "request false", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }

            }
        }

    }

    private void showDialog() {
        AlertDialog dialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).setTitle("还可以手动开启哦~").setMessage("可以前往设置->app->myapp->permission打开").setPositiveButton("确定!", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int