XTTS基于rman全量迁移Oracle
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文章目录
前言
最近客户应客户需求,基于rman实现XTTS基于rman全量迁移Oracle,分享给大家
📣 1.XTTS简介
XTTS(Cross Platform Transportable Tablespaces)属于跨平台迁移表空间,它是从Oracle 8i开始就引入的一种基于表空间传输的物理迁移方法,命名为TTS,经历各个版本的不断演进,从11gR2开始,在相对停机时间要求日益减少的情况,为了应对越来越大的数据量跨平台迁移,Oracle推出了新的解决方案—加强版TTS(以下简称XTTS),XTTS使用增量备份的方式实现跨平台的数据迁移,从真正意义上大大缩短停机时间。在U2L如火如荼的今天,通过XTTS快捷、高效、平稳、安全的将Oracle数据库“小型机+集中式存储”环境迁移至“X86架构平台+分布式存储”已然成为一大神技。
“U2L”(Unix to Linux的简称),即企业用户将应用从“小型机+Unix”架构迁往“x86服务器+Linux”架构
📣 2.XTTS迁移
✨ 2.1 迁移环境
✨ 2.2 数据库检查
1、查询平台、字节序、字符集
col PLATFORM_NAME format a30
SELECT d.PLATFORM_ID,d.PLATFORM_NAME, tp.ENDIAN_FORMAT
FROM V$TRANSPORTABLE_PLATFORM tp, V$DATABASE d
WHERE tp.PLATFORM_NAME = d.PLATFORM_NAME;
PLATFORM_ID PLATFORM_NAME ENDIAN_FORMAT
----------- ------------------------------ --------------
13 Linux x86 64-bit Little
--字符集
SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;
USERENV('LANGUAGE')
----------------------------------------------------
AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
2.业务表空间和业务用户
--源端排除系统表空间、默认表表空间,避免冲突
select TABLESPACE_NAME,BLOCK_SIZE,CONTENTS,STATUS
from dba_tablespaces
where tablespace_name not in ('SYSTEM','SYSAUX','UNDOTBS1','TEMP','EXAMPLE','USERS');
TABLESPACE_NAME BLOCK_SIZE CONTENTS STATUS
------------------------------ ---------- --------- ---------
MES_TBS 8192 PERMANENT ONLINE
OGG_TBS 8192 PERMANENT ONLINE
3、表空间自包含
需要传输的表空间为MES_TBS、OGG_TBS,要确保这2个表空间为自包含的表空间
表空间自包含的含义:自包含是指当前表空间集中的对象不依赖表空间集之外的对象
-- 自包含检查(源库操作)
SQL> exec dbms_tts.transport_set_check('MES_TBS,OGG_TBS',true);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
4.迁移对象个数统计
需要确认,非业务用户下是否有业务数据,例如SYS用户是否有业务数据,源库操作
-- 需要迁移的对象和数量
SQL> set pagesize 999
select owner, object_type, count(*)
from dba_objects
where object_name not like 'BIN%'
and owner in ('SCOTT','OGG')
group by owner, object_type
order by 1,2 desc;
5. 无效对象
select owner, object_type, count(*)
from dba_objects
where status <> 'VALID'
and owner in ('SCOTT','OGG')
group by owner, object_type
order by 1, 2 desc;
6、开启块改变跟踪功能
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ENABLE BLOCK CHANGE TRACKING USING FILE '/u01/app/oracle/changetracking.chg';
SQL> select status, filename from v$block_change_tracking;
📣 3.全量迁移
✨ 3.1 源端和目标端配置XTTS脚本
rm -rf /u01/app/xtts/
rm -rf /home/oracle/scripts
mkdir -p /u01/app/xtts/inc_bk
mkdir -p /u01/app/xtts/df_bk
mkdir -p /home/oracle/scripts
cd /home/oracle/scripts
[root@rhel64 ~]# cp rman_xttconvert_V3.zip /home/oracle
[root@rhel64 ~]# chown oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/rman_xttconvert_V3.zip
[oracle@rhel64 ~]$ cp ~/rman_xttconvert_V3.zip /home/oracle/scripts
[oracle@rhel64 ~]$ cd
✨ 3.2 修改xtt.properties参数
cat > /home/oracle/scripts/xtt.properties <<"EOF"
tablespaces=MES_TBS,OGG_TBS
platformid=13
dfcopydir=/u01/app/xtts/df_bk
backupformat=/u01/app/xtts/inc_bk
stagenotallow=/u01/app/xtts/df_bk
storagenotallow=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/MES
backupnotallow=/u01/app/xtts/inc_bk
#srcdir=SOURCEDIR
#dstdir=DESTDIR
#srclink=ttslink
#cnvinst_home=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
#cnvinst_sid=targetdb
EOF
✨ 3.3 源端迁移准备
cd /home/oracle/scripts
export TMPDIR=/home/oracle/scripts
$ORACLE_HOME/perl/bin/perl xttdriver.pl -p
✨ 3.4 源端转移到目标端
[oracle@rhel64 ~]$ scp /u01/app/xtts/df_bk/* 192.168.1.58:/u01/app/xtts/df_bk/
[oracle@rhel64 ~]$ scp /home/oracle/scripts/rmanconvert.cmd 192.168.1.58:/home/oracle/scripts/
✨ 3.5 目标端字节序转换
cd /home/oracle/scripts
export TMPDIR=/home/oracle/scripts
$ORACLE_HOME/perl/bin/perl xttdriver.pl -c
📣 4 迁移元数据
✨ 4.1 在目标库创建业务用户
create user SCOTT identified by jem;
create user OGG identified by jem;
grant dba to SCOTT,OGG;
✨ 4.2 导入xtts的元数据
-- 利用dblink直接迁移元数据,这里只会迁移表、索引、约束等,因为其它对象存储在系统表空间中
impdp system/oracle directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR logfile=tts_imp_mes.log \
network_link=ttslink transport_full_check=no \
EXCLUDE=STATISTICS \
transport_tablespaces=MES_TBS,OGG_TBS \
transport_datafiles='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/MES/MES_TBS_5.dbf','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/MES/OGG_TBS_6.dbf'
--导入存储过程、触发器、函数、包、视图、序列
impdp system/oracle directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR \
network_link=ttslink schemas=SCOTT,OGG content=metadata_only exclude=index,table,constraint parallel=8
--导入公共同义词和dblink等其它对象
源库查询共有同义词
set long 9999
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('SYNONYM',SYNONYM_NAME,OWNER)
FROM dba_synonyms
where owner='PUBLIC' and table_owner in ('SCOTT','OGG');
源库查询dblink
set long 9999
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('DB_LINK',DB_LINK,OWNER)
FROM DBA_DB_LINKS;
📣 5 迁移后收尾工作
✨ 5.1 数据一致性
SQL> select count(*) from scott.emp_test11;
COUNT(*)
----------
14
SQL> select count(*) from scott.emp_test;
COUNT(*)
----------
14
✨ 5.2 迁移后的对象
select owner, object_type, count(*)
from dba_objects
where object_name not like 'BIN%'
and owner in ('SCOTT','OGG')
group by owner, object_type
order by 1,2 desc;
OWNER OBJECT_TYPE COUNT(*)
------------------------------ ------------------- ----------
OGG VIEW 14
OGG TYPE 2
OGG TABLE 39
OGG SEQUENCE 3
OGG RULE SET 10
OGG RULE 8
OGG QUEUE 6
OGG PROCEDURE 2
OGG LOB 15
OGG JOB 2
OGG INDEX 45
OGG FUNCTION 1
OGG EVALUATION CONTEXT 3
SCOTT TABLE 3
✨ 5.3 收集统计信息
exec dbms_stats.gather_database_stats(degree => 8);
exec dbms_stats.gather_dictionary_stats(degree => 8);
exec dbms_stats.gather_fixed_objects_stats();