RabbitMQ 详解

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小晞宝宝 2021-09-09 00:22:42 博主文章分类：消息队列 ©著作权

文章标签 RabbitMQ 详解 文章分类 运维

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RabbitMQ

一、RabbitMQ 简介

RabbitMQ 采用Erlang语言开发，Erlang语言由Ericson设计

rabbitmq架构图.webp.jpg

名词解释
Broker

接收和分发消息的应用，RabbitMQ Server 就是Message Broker

Virtual host

出于多租户和安全因素设计的，把AMQP的基本组件划分到一个虚拟的分组中，类似于网络中的namespace概念。当多个不同的用户使用同一个RabbitMQ server提供的服务时，可以划分出多个vhost，每个用户在自己的vhost创建exchange／queue等。

Connection

publisher／consumer和broker之间的TCP连接。断开连接的操作只会在client端进行，Broker不会断开连接，除非出现网络故障或broker服务出现问题

Channel

如果每一次访问RabbitMQ都建立一个Connection，在消息量大的时候建立TCP Connection的开销将是巨大的，效率也较低。Channel是在connection内部建立的逻辑连接，如果应用程序支持多线程，通常每个thread创建单独的channel进行通讯，AMQP method包含了channel id帮助客户端和message broker识别channel，所以channel之间是完全隔离的。Channel作为轻量级的Connection极大减少了操作系统建立TCP connection的开销。

Exchange

message到达broker的第一站，根据分发规则，匹配查询表中的routing key，分发消息到queue中去。常用的类型有：direct (point-to-point), topic (publish-subscribe) and fanout (multicast)

Queue

消息最终被送到这里等待consumer取走。一个message可以被同时拷贝到多个queue中。

Binding

exchange和queue之间的虚拟连接，binding中可以包含routing key。Binding信息被保存到exchange中的查询表中，用于message的分发依据。

rabbitmq 优势：

基于erlang语言开发，具有高并发优点、支持分布式
具有消息确认机制、消息持久化机制，消息可靠性和集群可靠性高
简单易用，运行稳定，跨平台，多语言
开源

Queue 特性

消息基于先进先出的原则进行顺序消费
消息可以持久化到磁盘节点服务器
消息可以缓存到内存节点服务器提高性能

二、 RabbitMQ 生产者消费者实例

原理图

生产者.jpg

生产者发送消息到broker server，在broker内部，用户创建Exchange/Queue，通过Binding规则将两者联系在一起，Exchange分发消息，根据类型/binding 的不同分发策略有区别，消息最后来到Queue中，等待消费者取走

三、RabbitMQ 部署

https://www.rabbitmq.com/download.html # 官网地址
https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/releases # github 地址

3.1 RabbitMQ 单机部署

https://www.rabbitmq.com/install-rpm.html

3.2 Centos7 部署

3.2.1 服务器安装 RabbitMQ

yum源配置 (centos7 自带rabbitmq ，如果配置其他版本需要配置yum源，网络不好域名可能不通)

# /etc/yum.repos.d/rabbitmq.repo 配置yum源

# In /etc/yum.repos.d/rabbitmq.repo

##
## Zero dependency Erlang
##

[rabbitmq_erlang]
name=rabbitmq_erlang
baseurl=https://packagecloud.io/rabbitmq/erlang/el/7/$basearch
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
# PackageCloud's repository key and RabbitMQ package signing key
gpgkey=https://packagecloud.io/rabbitmq/erlang/gpgkey
       https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/2.0/rabbitmq-release-signing-key.asc
sslverify=1
sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
metadata_expire=300

[rabbitmq_erlang-source]
name=rabbitmq_erlang-source
baseurl=https://packagecloud.io/rabbitmq/erlang/el/7/SRPMS
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://packagecloud.io/rabbitmq/erlang/gpgkey
sslverify=1
sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
metadata_expire=300

##
## RabbitMQ server
##

[rabbitmq_server]
name=rabbitmq_server
baseurl=https://packagecloud.io/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/el/7/$basearch
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
# PackageCloud's repository key and RabbitMQ package signing key
gpgkey=https://packagecloud.io/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/gpgkey
       https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/2.0/rabbitmq-release-signing-key.asc
sslverify=1
sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
metadata_expire=300

[rabbitmq_server-source]
name=rabbitmq_server-source
baseurl=https://packagecloud.io/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/el/7/SRPMS
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://packagecloud.io/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/gpgkey
sslverify=1
sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
metadata_expire=300

更新yum源

yum update -y

RabbitMQ 安装

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install socat logrotate -y
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install erlang rabbitmq-server -y

启动RabbitMQ 服务

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl start rabbitmq-server
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl enable rabbitmq-server
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rabbitmq-server.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/rabbitmq-server.service.
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl status rabbitmq-server
● rabbitmq-server.service - RabbitMQ broker
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rabbitmq-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2021-09-09 06:39:46 CST; 22s ago
 Main PID: 7776 (beam.smp)
   CGroup: /system.slice/rabbitmq-server.service
           ├─7776 /usr/lib64/erlang/erts-5.10.4/bin/beam.smp -W w -K true -A30 -P 1048576 -- -root /usr/lib64/erlang -progname erl -- -home /var/lib/rabbitmq -- -pa /usr/lib/rabbitmq/lib/rabbitmq_server-3.3.5/sbin/../ebin -noshell -noinput -s rabb...
           ├─7791 /usr/lib64/erlang/erts-5.10.4/bin/epmd -daemon
           ├─7860 inet_gethost 4
           └─7861 inet_gethost 4

Sep 09 06:39:45 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: rabbitmq-server.service: Got notification message from PID 7815, but reception only permitted for main PID 7776
Sep 09 06:39:45 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: rabbitmq-server.service: Got notification message from PID 7817, but reception only permitted for main PID 7776
Sep 09 06:39:46 localhost.localdomain rabbitmq-server[7776]: RabbitMQ 3.3.5. Copyright (C) 2007-2014 GoPivotal, Inc.
Sep 09 06:39:46 localhost.localdomain rabbitmq-server[7776]: ##  ##      Licensed under the MPL.  See http://www.rabbitmq.com/
Sep 09 06:39:46 localhost.localdomain rabbitmq-server[7776]: ##  ##
Sep 09 06:39:46 localhost.localdomain rabbitmq-server[7776]: ##########  Logs: /var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@localhost.log
Sep 09 06:39:46 localhost.localdomain rabbitmq-server[7776]: ######  ##        /var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@localhost-sasl.log
Sep 09 06:39:46 localhost.localdomain rabbitmq-server[7776]: ##########
Sep 09 06:39:46 localhost.localdomain rabbitmq-server[7776]: Starting broker... completed with 0 plugins.
Sep 09 06:39:46 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started RabbitMQ broker.

3.2.2 RabbitMQ 插件管理

https://www.rabbitmq.com/management.html

开启 web 界面管理插件：

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
The following plugins have been enabled:
  mochiweb
  webmachine
  rabbitmq_web_dispatch
  amqp_client
  rabbitmq_management_agent
  rabbitmq_management
Plugin configuration has changed. Restart RabbitMQ for changes to take effect.

5672 : 消费者访问端口
15672： web 管理端口
25672： 集群状态通信端口

3.2.3 创建账号

[root@localhost ~]# rabbitmqctl add_user admin admin #添加账号和密码
Creating user "admin" ...
...done.
[root@localhost ~]# rabbitmqctl set_user_tags admin administrator #设置账号相关权限
Setting tags for user "admin" to [administrator] ...
...done.
[root@localhost ~]# rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p "/" admin ".*" ".*" ".*"   #配置权限     
Setting permissions for user "admin" in vhost "/" ...
...done.
[root@localhost ~]# rabbitmqctl list_users # 查看用户列表
Listing users ...
admin   [administrator]
guest   [administrator]
...done.

3.2.4 登陆 web界面

RabbitMQ 高版本开始禁用guest/guest 权限，需要重新创建账号密码进行登录

3.3 集群部署

rabbitmq 的集群是依赖于erlang的集群来工作的，所以必须先构建起erlang的集群环境，而erlang的集群中各个节点是通过一个magic cookie来实现的，这个cookie存放在 /var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie 中，文件是400的权限，所以必须保证各个节点cookie保持一致否则节点之间无法通信。

3.3.1 各服务器安装rabbitmq

安装rabbitmq 版本需要一致
配置.erlang.cookie 文件（内容要求一致）

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop rabbitmq-server
[root@localhost ~]# echo "TUZAORXCNIBYDKWOTJBZ" > /var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 400 /var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start rabbitmq-server

3.3.2 查看集群状态

[root@rabbitmq01 ~]# rabbitmqctl cluster_status
Cluster status of node rabbit@rabbitmq01 ...
[{nodes,[{disc,[rabbit@rabbitmq01]}]},
 {running_nodes,[rabbit@rabbitmq01]},
 {cluster_name,<<"rabbit@rabbitmq01">>},
 {partitions,[]}]
...done.

3.3.3 创建RabbitMQ 集群

在rabbitmq03 作为内存节点添加到rabbitmq01，并作为内存节点，在rabbitmq03执行命令：

[root@rabbitmq03 ~]# rabbitmqctl stop_app #停止app服务
[root@rabbitmq03 ~]# rabbitmqctl reset #清空元数据 
[root@rabbitmq03 ~]# rabbitmqctl join_cluster rabbit@rabbitmq01 --ram #将03加入添加到集群中，--ram 为内存节点，不加默认是磁盘节点
[root@rabbitmq03 ~]# rabbitmqctl start_app #启动app服务

在rabbitmq02 节点相同操作加入到 01 节点

3.3.4 将集群设置为镜像模式

[root@rabbitmq03 ~]# rabbitmqctl set_policy all_policy_name "^" '{"ha-mode":"all"}'
Setting policy "all_policy_name" for pattern "^" to "{\"ha-mode\":\"all\"}" with priority "0" ...
...done.

3.3.5 验证集群状态

[root@rabbitmq01 ~]# rabbitmqctl cluster_status
Cluster status of node rabbit@rabbitmq01 ...
[{nodes,[{disc,[rabbit@rabbitmq01]},
         {ram,[rabbit@rabbitmq03,rabbit@rabbitmq02]}]},
 {running_nodes,[rabbit@rabbitmq03,rabbit@rabbitmq02,rabbit@rabbitmq01]},
 {cluster_name,<<"rabbit@rabbitmq01">>},
 {partitions,[]}]
...done.

3.3.6 移除节点

 rabbitmqctl  -n rabbit@rabbitmq-01 forget_cluster_node rabbit@rabbitmq-03

3.3.6 web界面验证集群状态

不启用web插件的rabbitmq服务器，会在web节点提示节点统计信息不可用（Node statistics not available ）

3.3.7 各服务器启动web插件

[root@rabbitmq03 ~]#  rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
The following plugins have been enabled:
  mochiweb
  webmachine
  rabbitmq_web_dispatch
  amqp_client
  rabbitmq_management_agent
  rabbitmq_management
Plugin configuration has changed. Restart RabbitMQ for changes to take effect.

3.3.8 查看web集群状态

四、RabbitMQ 常用命令

创建vhost

[root@rabbitmq01 ~]# rabbitmqctl add_vhost test
Creating vhost "test" ...
...done.

列出所有 vhost

[root@rabbitmq01 ~]# rabbitmqctl list_vhosts
Listing vhosts ...
/
test
...done.

列出所有队列

[root@rabbitmq01 ~]# rabbitmqctl list_queues
Listing queues ...
...done.

删除制定vhost

[root@rabbitmq01 ~]# rabbitmqctl delete_vhost test
Deleting vhost "test" ...
...done.

添加账户

[root@rabbitmq01 ~]# rabbitmqctl add_user test 123456
Creating user "test" ...
...done.

更改账户密码

[root@rabbitmq01 ~]# rabbitmqctl change_password test test
Changing password for user "test" ...
...done.

设置权限

[root@localhost ~]# rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p "/" test ".*" ".*" ".*"     
Setting permissions for user "admin" in vhost "/" ...
...done.

五、 RabbitMQ API

https://rawcdn.githack.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-management/rabbitmq_v3_6_9/priv/www/api/index.html

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