10.28 rsync工具介绍
rsync传输数据，备份到远程，类似于 cp
rsync不仅可以实现 A 机器到 B 机器，也可以实现从本机 A 目录到 B 目录的数据传输
cp的话，如果是不断写入的文件，cp过去，覆盖文件，文件过大的话，既浪费时间，又占磁盘IO，此时使用rsync
rsync可以实现增量拷贝，只增加变更过的文件
rsync 拷贝文件
[root@arslinux-01 ~]# rsync -av /etc/passwd /tmp/1.txt sending incremental file list passwd sent 1,371 bytes received 35 bytes 2,812.00 bytes/sec total size is 1,279 speedup is 0.91
rsync -av 文件 用户名@IP地址:目标目录/文件名 远程同步、拷贝
[root@arslinux-01 ~]# rsync -av /etc/passwd root@192.168.194.130:/tmp/1.txt The authenticity of host '192.168.194.130 (192.168.194.130)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:56XmV3ETdeyOoI3O4uQmBzBston1io6oJGzG3tzxR3I. ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:70:fe:fe:67:05:ab:b9:25:88:67:98:5f:b5:c3:04:36. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.194.130' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.194.130's password: sending incremental file list sent 45 bytes received 12 bytes 1.75 bytes/sec total size is 1,279 speedup is 22.44
rsync 格式：[ ] 可以省略
rsync [OPTION]... SRC DEST
rsync [OPTION]... SRC [USER@]HOST:DEST
rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST:SRC DEST
rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST::SRC DEST
rsync [OPTION]... SRC [USER@]HOST::DEST
扩展资料：
rsync命令：http://man.linuxde.net/rsync
10.29/10.30 rsync常用选项
rsync常用选项：
-a 包含 -rtplgoD
-r 同步目录时要加上，类似cp时的-r选项
-v 同步时显示一些信息，让我们知道同步的过程
-l 保留软连接
-L 加上该选项后，同步软链接时会把源文件给同步（防止软链接失效）
-p 保持文件的权限属性
-o 保持文件的属主
-g 保持文件的属组
-D 保持设备文件信息
-t 保持文件的时间属性
--delete 删除DEST中SRC没有的文件（使DEST和SRC目录完全一样，为了安全可以不加）
--exclude 过滤指定文件，如--exclude “logs”会把文件名包含logs的文件或目录过滤，不同步
-P 显示同步过程，比如速率，比-v更加详细
-u 加上该选项后，如果DEST中的文件比SRC新，则不同步
-z 传输时压缩（目的：快，节省带宽，传到DEST后自动解压）
实际操作：
rsync -av(rtplogDv) [root@arslinux-01 ~]# rsync -av /root/111/ /tmp/111_dest/ sending incremental file list created directory /tmp/111_dest ./ 11.txt 12.txt 1912 gakki.jpg.bz2 yum.log -> /tmp/yum.log 222/ sent 54,232 bytes received 138 bytes 108,740.00 bytes/sec total size is 53,858 speedup is 0.99
rsync -avL 同步软链接时会把源文件给同步
[root@arslinux-01 111_dest]# rsync -avL /root/111/ /tmp/111_dest/ sending incremental file list yum.log sent 230 bytes received 36 bytes 532.00 bytes/sec total size is 53,846 speedup is 202.43 [root@arslinux-01 ~]# ls /tmp/111_dest/ 11.txt 12.txt 1912 222 gakki.jpg.bz2 yum.log
最后的 yum.log 从软链接变成了正常文件
给源文件增加一些内容，那么rsync后会把内容同步
[root@arslinux-01 ~]# echo "12343teixeira">/tmp/yum.log [root@arslinux-01 ~]# rsync -avL /root/111/ /tmp/111_dest/ sending incremental file list yum.log sent 249 bytes received 36 bytes 570.00 bytes/sec total size is 53,860 speedup is 188.98 [root@arslinux-01 ~]# cat /tmp/111_dest/yum.log 12343teixeira
rsync --delete 删除 DEST 中 SRC 没有的文件
在DEST下创建新文件 new.txt，rsync --delete 后查看效果
[root@arslinux-01 ~]# touch /tmp/111_dest/new.txt [root@arslinux-01 ~]# ls /tmp/111_dest/ 11.txt 12.txt 1912 222 gakki.jpg.bz2 new.txt yum.log [root@arslinux-01 ~]# ls /root/111/ 11.txt 12.txt 1912 222 gakki.jpg.bz2 yum.log [root@arslinux-01 ~]# rsync -av --delete /root/111/ /tmp/111_dest/ sending incremental file list deleting new.txt ./ yum.log -> /tmp/yum.log sent 215 bytes received 34 bytes 498.00 bytes/sec total size is 53,858 speedup is 216.30 [root@arslinux-01 ~]# ls /tmp/111_dest/ 11.txt 12.txt 1912 222 gakki.jpg.bz2 yum.log
rsync --exclude 过滤掉 SRC 中的文件
[root@arslinux-01 ~]# ls /root/111/ 11.txt 12.txt 1912 222 gakki.jpg.bz2 yum.log [root@arslinux-01 ~]# rm -rf /tmp/111_dest/* [root@arslinux-01 ~]# ls !$ ls /tmp/111_dest/* ls: 无法访问/tmp/111_dest/*: 没有那个文件或目录 [root@arslinux-01 ~]# ls /tmp/ 111_dest ipt.txt vmware-root_6193-1950294914 1.cap systemd-private-e6db7f1f46634f0298e12de6f5b50b2d-chronyd.service-XdBGzl vmware-root_6201-1983718796 1.sh vmware-root_5779-1681267576 vmware-root_6233-1714755028 1.txt vmware-root_6075-1723604046 vmware-root_6248-734169122 2.txt vmware-root_6105-1983196564 vmware-root_6378-994294112 3.txt vmware-root_6130-994685438 yum.log a.txt vmware-root_6148-961265649
[root@arslinux-01 ~]# rsync -avL --exclude "*.txt" /root/111/ /tmp/111_dest/ sending incremental file list ./ 1912 gakki.jpg.bz2 yum.log 222/ sent 54,076 bytes received 80 bytes 108,312.00 bytes/sec total size is 53,795 speedup is 0.99 [root@arslinux-01 ~]# ls /tmp/111_dest/ 1912 222 gakki.jpg.bz2 yum.log
支持多个--exclude来过滤多种文件：rsync --exclude --exclude
rsync -P 显示同步过程（比如：速率，比 -v 更详细）
[root@arslinux-01 ~]# rsync -avP /root/111/ /tmp/111_dest/ sending incremental file list ./ 11.txt 65 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfr#1, to-chk=5/7) 12.txt 0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfr#2, to-chk=4/7) 1912 0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfr#3, to-chk=3/7) gakki.jpg.bz2 53,781 100% 51.29MB/s 0:00:00 (xfr#4, to-chk=2/7) yum.log -> /tmp/yum.log 222/ sent 54,232 bytes received 102 bytes 108,668.00 bytes/sec total size is 53,858 speedup is 0.99
rsync -u 让DEST中的文件比SRC更新（新的不会被删除）
[root@arslinux-01 ~]# vim /tmp/111_dest/1912 ;alkjsd;fkaj teixeira [root@arslinux-01 ~]# rsync -avPu /root/111/ /tmp/111_dest/ sending incremental file list ./ sent 212 bytes received 20 bytes 464.00 bytes/sec total size is 53,858 speedup is 232.15 [root@arslinux-01 ~]# cat /tmp/111_dest/1912 ;alkjsd;fkaj teixeira
rsync -z 传输时压缩
[root@arslinux-01 ~]# rsync -avPz /root/111/ /tmp/111_dest/ sending incremental file list 1912 0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfr#1, to-chk=3/7) sent 245 bytes received 36 bytes 562.00 bytes/sec total size is 53,858 speedup is 191.67
没有什么明显效果，如果文件多时，可以节省带宽
10.31 rsync通过ssh同步
rsync -av SRC IP:DEST 通过ssh方式同步
[root@arslinux-01 ~]# ping 192.168.194.132 PING 192.168.194.132 (192.168.194.132) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.194.132: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.653 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.194.132: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.261 ms ^C --- 192.168.194.132 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.261/0.457/0.653/0.196 ms
[root@arslinux-01 ~]# rsync /etc/passwd 192.168.194.132:/tmp/arslinux.txt The authenticity of host '192.168.194.132 (192.168.194.132)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:56XmV3ETdeyOoI3O4uQmBzBston1io6oJGzG3tzxR3I. ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:70:fe:fe:67:05:ab:b9:25:88:67:98:5f:b5:c3:04:36. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.194.132' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.194.132's password: bash: rsync: 未找到命令 rsync: connection unexpectedly closed (0 bytes received so far) [sender] rsync error: remote command not found (code 127) at io.c(226) [sender=3.1.2]
因为B机器没有安装 rsync，安装完成后重试
[root@arslinux-01 ~]# rsync -av /etc/passwd 192.168.194.132:/tmp/arslinux.txt root@192.168.194.132's password: sending incremental file list passwd sent 1,371 bytes received 35 bytes 90.71 bytes/sec total size is 1,279 speedup is 0.91
[root@arslinux-02 ~]# cat /tmp/arslinux.txt root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin chrony:x:998:996::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin arslinux:x:1000:1000::/home/arslinux:/bin/bash user1:x:1001:1001::/home/user1:/bin/bash user2:x:1002:1006::/home/user2:/bin/bash user3:x:1004:1005::/home/user3:/bin/bash user4:x:1006:1005::/home/arslinux:/sbin/nologin user5:x:1007:1007::/home/user5:/bin/bash user6:x:1008:1010::/home/user6:/bin/bash tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
rsync -av ip:DEST SRC 反相同步
[root@arslinux-01 ~]# rsync -avP 192.168.194.132:/tmp/arslinux.txt /tmp/12123.txt root@192.168.194.132's password: receiving incremental file list arslinux.txt 1,279 100% 1.22MB/s 0:00:00 (xfr#1, to-chk=0/1) sent 43 bytes received 1,377 bytes 315.56 bytes/sec total size is 1,279 speedup is 0.90
[root@arslinux-01 ~]# cat /tmp/12123.txt root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin chrony:x:998:996::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin arslinux:x:1000:1000::/home/arslinux:/bin/bash user1:x:1001:1001::/home/user1:/bin/bash user2:x:1002:1006::/home/user2:/bin/bash user3:x:1004:1005::/home/user3:/bin/bash user4:x:1006:1005::/home/arslinux:/sbin/nologin user5:x:1007:1007::/home/user5:/bin/bash user6:x:1008:1010::/home/user6:/bin/bash tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
rsync -e "ssh -p 端口号" 指定连接的端口
[root@arslinux-01 ~]# rsync -avP -e "ssh -p 22" /etc/passwd 192.168.194.132:/tmp/arslinux.txt root@192.168.194.132's password: sending incremental file list sent 45 bytes received 12 bytes 16.29 bytes/sec total size is 1,279 speedup is 22.44
-e 后面接命令，ssh -p 连接远程端口
10.32/10.33 rsync通过服务同步
编辑配置文件 /etc/rsyncd.conf
[root@arslinux-01 ~]# vim /etc/rsyncd.conf
port=873 log file=/var/log/rsync.log pid file=/var/run/rsyncd.pid address=192.168.194.130 [test] path=/tmp/rsync use chroot=true max connections=4 read only=no list=true uid=root gid=root auth users=test secrets file=/etc/rsyncd.passwd hosts allow=192.168.194.132
rsync --daemon 启动服务
[root@arslinux-01 ~]# rsync --daemon [root@arslinux-01 ~]# ps aux |grep rsync root 7865 0.0 0.0 114744 568 ? Ss 17:40 0:00 rsync --daemon root 7867 0.0 0.0 112724 988 pts/0 S+ 17:41 0:00 grep --color=auto rsync [root@arslinux-01 ~]# netstat -lntp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 192.168.194.130:873 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7865/rsync tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7463/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7598/master tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 7463/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 7598/master
（--config=文件，如果rsync.conf不是保存在默认目录下的话，需要--config=文件来配置）
新建一个 777权限的 /tmp/rsync/ 目录
[root@arslinux-01 ~]# mkdir /tmp/rsync [root@arslinux-01 ~]# chmod 777 /tmp/rsync/
格式：
rsync -avP SRC IP::module/dir/
[root@arslinux-02 ~]# rsync -avP /tmp/arslinux.txt 192.168.194.130::test/arslinux-02.txt rsync: failed to connect to 192.168.194.130 (192.168.194.130): No route to host (113) rsync error: error in socket IO (code 10) at clientserver.c(125) [sender=3.1.2] [root@arslinux-02 ~]# ping 192.168.194.130 PING 192.168.194.130 (192.168.194.130) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.194.130: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.360 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.194.130: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.262 ms ^C --- 192.168.194.130 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.262/0.311/0.360/0.049 ms
[root@arslinux-02 ~]# telnet 192.168.194.130 873 Trying 192.168.194.130... telnet: connect to address 192.168.194.130: No route to host [root@arslinux-02 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@arslinux-01 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld //关闭两台主机的firewalld
[root@arslinux-02 ~]# iptables -nvL Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination [root@arslinux-02 ~]# telnet 192.168.194.130 873 Trying 192.168.194.130... Connected to 192.168.194.130. Escape character is '^]'. @RSYNCD: 31.0 ^] telnet> quit Connection closed.
[root@arslinux-02 ~]# rsync -avP /tmp/arslinux.txt 192.168.194.130::test/arslinux-02.txt sending incremental file list arslinux.txt 1,279 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfr#1, to-chk=0/1) sent 1,377 bytes received 35 bytes 2,824.00 bytes/sec total size is 1,279 speedup is 0.91 [root@arslinux-01 ~]# ls /tmp/rsync/ arslinux-02.txt
拉文件：
[root@arslinux-02 ~]# rsync -avP 192.168.194.130::test/arslinux-02.txt /tmp/arslinux-03.txt receiving incremental file list arslinux-02.txt 1,279 100% 1.22MB/s 0:00:00 (xfr#1, to-chk=0/1) sent 43 bytes received 1,380 bytes 135.52 bytes/sec total size is 1,279 speedup is 0.90 [root@arslinux-02 ~]# ls /tmp/ arslinux-03.txt vmware-root_6175-1983325619 arslinux.txt vmware-root_6377-1949639484 systemd-private-fcd061e82c0d4913b58336d608d0455d-chronyd.service-ma0udd
telnet ip地址 端口 检查端口是否通
[root@arslinux-02 ~]# telnet 192.168.194.130 873 Trying 192.168.194.130... Connected to 192.168.194.130. Escape character is '^]'. @RSYNCD: 31.0 ^] //ctrl + ]，再 quit 退出 telnet> quit Connection closed.
[root@arslinux-02 ~]# rsync -avP /tmp/arslinux.txt 192.168.194.130::test/arslinux-02.txt sending incremental file list arslinux.txt 1,279 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfr#1, to-chk=0/1) sent 1,377 bytes received 35 bytes 2,824.00 bytes/sec total size is 1,279 speedup is 0.91
/etc/rsync.conf 配置文件详解：
port：指定在哪个端口启动rsyncd服务，默认是873端口。
如果端口不是873，而是8730，那么同步时需要 --port 8730
例：rsync -avP --port 8730 192.168.65.128::test/ /tmp/test/
log file：指定日志文件。
pid file：指定pid文件，这个文件的作用涉及服务的启动、停止等进程管理操作。
address：指定启动rsyncd服务的IP。假如你的机器有多个IP，就可以指定由其中一个启动rsyncd服务，如果不指定该参数，默认是在全部IP上启动。
[ ]：指定模块(module)名，里面内容自定义。
path：指定数据存放的路径。
use chroot true|false：表示在传输文件前首先 chroot 到 path 参数所指定的目录下。这样做的原因是实现额外的安全防护，但缺点是需要以 roots 权限，并且不能备份指向外部的符号连接所指向的目录文件。默认情况下 chroot 值为 true，如果你的数据当中有软连接文件，建议设置成 false。
max connections：指定最大的连接数，默认是0，即没有限制。
read only ture|false：如果为true，则不能上传到该模块指定的路径下。
（给服务端写服务时，服务端定义为true，则不可写）
list：表示当用户查询该服务器上的可用模块时，该模块是否被列出，设定为true则列出，false则隐藏。
uid/gid：指定传输文件时以哪个用户/组的身份传输。
auth users：指定传输时要使用的用户名。
secrets file：指定密码文件，该参数连同上面的参数如果不指定，则不使用密码验证。注意该密码文件的权限一定要是600。格式：用户名:密码
hosts allow：表示被允许连接该模块的主机，可以是IP或者网段，如果是多个，中间用空格隔开。
实际应用：
use chroot
·use charoot true
[root@arslinux-02 ~]# rsync -avP 192.168.194.130::test/ /tmp/test/ receiving incremental file list created directory /tmp/test ./ 12.txt -> /etc/passwd arslinux-02.txt 1,279 100% 1.22MB/s 0:00:00 (xfr#1, to-chk=0/3) sent 49 bytes received 1,443 bytes 142.10 bytes/sec total size is 1,290 speedup is 0.86
[root@arslinux-02 ~]# ls /tmp/test/ 12.txt arslinux-02.txt [root@arslinux-02 ~]# ll /tmp/test/ 总用量 4 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 4月 20 19:29 12.txt -> /etc/passwd -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1279 4月 14 21:41 arslinux-02.txt [root@arslinux-02 ~]# rm -rf /tmp/test/
[root@arslinux-02 ~]# rsync -avPL 192.168.194.130::test/ /tmp/test/ receiving incremental file list symlink has no referent: "/12.txt" (in test) created directory /tmp/test ./ arslinux-02.txt 1,279 100% 1.22MB/s 0:00:00 (xfr#1, to-chk=0/2) sent 46 bytes received 1,454 bytes 1,000.00 bytes/sec total size is 1,279 speedup is 0.85 rsync error: some files/attrs were not transferred (see previous errors) (code 23) at main.c(1650) [generator=3.1.2] [root@arslinux-02 ~]# ll /tmp/test/ 总用量 4 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1279 4月 14 21:41 arslinux-02.txt
·use chroot false
在机器A上，/etc/rsyncd.conf 里，use chroot true 改为 false
再重新在B机器上同步
[root@arslinux-02 ~]# rsync -avPL 192.168.194.130::test/ /tmp/test/ receiving incremental file list 12.txt 1,279 100% 1.22MB/s 0:00:00 (xfr#1, to-chk=1/3) sent 43 bytes received 1,417 bytes 139.05 bytes/sec total size is 2,558 speedup is 1.75 [root@arslinux-02 ~]# ll /tmp/test/ 总用量 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1279 4月 14 21:41 12.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1279 4月 14 21:41 arslinux-02.txt
默认端口不是873
1.修改端口号为 port=8730
2.重启 rsync 服务
[root@arslinux-01 rsync]# killall rsync [root@arslinux-01 rsync]# ps aux |grep rsync root 8141 0.0 0.0 112724 988 pts/0 R+ 19:54 0:00 grep --color=auto rsync [root@arslinux-01 rsync]# rsync --daemon [root@arslinux-01 rsync]# ps aux |grep rsync root 8143 0.0 0.0 114744 568 ? Ss 19:54 0:00 rsync --daemon root 8146 0.0 0.0 112724 984 pts/0 S+ 19:54 0:00 grep --color=auto rsync
[root@arslinux-02 ~]# rsync -avP 192.168.194.130::test/ /tmp/test/ rsync: failed to connect to 192.168.194.130 (192.168.194.130): Connection refused (111) rsync error: error in socket IO (code 10) at clientserver.c(125) [Receiver=3.1.2]
[root@arslinux-02 ~]# rsync -avP --port=8730 192.168.194.130::test/ /tmp/test/ receiving incremental file list 12.txt -> /etc/passwd sent 27 bytes received 118 bytes 290.00 bytes/sec total size is 1,290 speedup is 8.90
list
list=true
[root@arslinux-02 ~]# rsync --port=8730 192.168.194.130:: test
list=false
[root@arslinux-02 ~]# rsync --port=8730 192.168.194.130:: [root@arslinux-02 ~]#
·auth users、sectets file
配置文件 /etc/rsyncd.conf 中
auth users=test secrets file=/etc/rsyncd.passwd
当设置了auth users和secrets file后，客户端连服务端也需要用用户名密码了，若想在命令行中带上密码，可以设定一个密码文件
[root@arslinux-02 ~]# touch /tmp/test/1.txt [root@arslinux-02 ~]# rsync -avP /tmp/test/ test@192.168.194.130::test/ Password: sending incremental file list ./ 1.txt 0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfr#1, to-chk=2/4) sent 181 bytes received 38 bytes 48.67 bytes/sec total size is 1,290 speedup is 5.89 [root@arslinux-02 ~]#
可以将密码写入到客户端里文件中，名称可自定义，再用--password-file来定义，权限600
[root@arslinux-02 ~]# rsync -avP /tmp/test/ --password-file=/etc/rsync_pass.txt test@192.168.194.130::test/
[root@arslinux-02 ~]# vim /etc/rsync_pass.txt arslinux [root@arslinux-02 ~]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync_pass.txt [root@arslinux-02 ~]# rsync -avP /tmp/test/ --password-file=/etc/rsync_pass.txt test@192.168.194.130::test/ sending incremental file list sent 135 bytes received 12 bytes 14.00 bytes/sec total size is 1,290 speedup is 8.78
·一个ip可以直接写，多个可以写192.168.65.129 1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 或者IP段 192.168.65.0/24
10.34 linux系统日志
系统日志：/var/log/messages
如果命令没有定义单独的日志，那么日志就记录在这里
日志增长到一定级别，为防止文件过大，会自动切割（logrotate）
[root@arslinux-02 ~]# ls /var/log/messages* /var/log/messages /var/log/messages-20190317 /var/log/messages-20190420
logrotate
/etc/logrotate.conf 日志切割配置文件
# see "man logrotate" for details
# rotate log files weekly//每周轮换一次日志文件
weekly //每周切割一次
# keep 4 weeks worth of backlogs//保持4周的积压
rotate 4 //4周一次轮换
# create new (empty) log files after rotating old ones //在轮换就得日志文件后创建新的空的日志文件
create //创建新的
# use date as a suffix of the rotated file//使用日期作为轮换文件的后缀
dateext //以之为后缀名
# uncomment this if you want your log files compressed //如果你想压缩日志文件，请取消注释
#compress //是否需要压缩，压缩成 .tar.gz
# RPM packages drop log rotation information into this directory
include /etc/logrotate.d
# no packages own wtmp and btmp -- we'll rotate them here
/var/log/wtmp {
monthly
create 0664 root utmp
minsize 1M
rotate 1
}
/var/log/btmp { //切割该文件，指定权限，属主，属组
missingok
monthly
create 0600 root utmp
rotate 1
}
# system-specific logs may be also be configured here. //系统特定的日志也可以在这配置
/etc/logrotate.d/syslog
[root@arslinux-02 ~]# cat /etc/logrotate.d/syslog
/var/log/cron
/var/log/maillog
/var/log/messages
/var/log/secure
/var/log/spooler
{
missingok
sharedscripts
postrotate
/bin/kill -HUP `cat /var/run/syslogd.pid 2> /dev/null` 2> /dev/null || true
endscript
}linux写文件是根据文件句柄写的，而不是根据文件名
dmesg 命令 列出系统硬件相关日志
dmesg -c 清空日志（重启后自动生成）
/var/log/dmesg 系统启动日志，记录的信息，和dmesg命令不一样
last 命令，调用的文件 /var/log/wtmp（二进制文件），查看正确的登录历史
lastb 命令，调用的文件/var/log/btmp，查看登陆失败的历史
/var/log/secure 安全日志
tail -f 不断刷新查看末行
参考：https://my.oschina.net/u/2000675/blog/908189
10.35 screen工具
screen 虚拟终端
执行脚本，时间很长，会输出一些信息，因此脚本不可中途终端
为了保证脚本不中断，网络不能出差错
把任务丢后台，加日志输出
nohup 命令 &
安装screen
[root@arslinux-01 ~]# yum install -y screen
screen 直接进入虚拟终端
ctrl + a 组合键再按 d 退出虚拟终端，但不是结束（screen 后，在虚拟终端中操作）
[root@arslinux-01 ~]# screen [detached from 8506.pts-0.arslinux-01]
screen -ls 查看虚拟终端列表
[root@arslinux-01 ~]# screen -ls There is a screen on: 8506.pts-0.arslinux-01(Detached) 1 Socket in /var/run/screen/S-root.
screen -r ID号 进入指定的终端
退出screen，exit退出
screen 可以同时进入多个虚拟终端(指定id可以进入)
[root@arslinux-01 ~]# screen [detached from 8506.pts-0.arslinux-01] [root@arslinux-01 ~]# screen [detached from 8524.pts-0.arslinux-01] [root@arslinux-01 ~]# screen [detached from 8561.pts-0.arslinux-01] [root@arslinux-01 ~]# screen -ls There are screens on: 8561.pts-0.arslinux-01(Detached) 8524.pts-0.arslinux-01(Detached) 8506.pts-0.arslinux-01(Detached) 3 Sockets in /var/run/screen/S-root.
但是虚拟终端多了之后，时间长了就无法分辨每个虚拟终端里运行的是什么
因此可以自定义虚拟终端的名称
screen -S 名称 进入虚拟终端时自定义虚拟终端名称
[root@arslinux-01 ~]# screen -S test_screen [detached from 8583.test_screen] [root@arslinux-01 ~]# screen -ls There are screens on: 8583.test_screen(Detached) 8561.pts-0.arslinux-01(Detached) 8524.pts-0.arslinux-01(Detached) 8506.pts-0.arslinux-01(Detached) 4 Sockets in /var/run/screen/S-root.
进入虚拟终端时，可以 screen -r 加ID号，也可以加自定义的名称
[root@arslinux-01 ~]# screen -r 8583 [detached from 8583.test_screen] [root@arslinux-01 ~]# screen -r test_screen [detached from 8583.test_screen]
课堂笔记
扩展：
1. Linux日志文件总管logrotate http://linux.cn/article-4126-1.html
2. xargs用法详解http://blog.csdn.net/zhangfn2011/article/details/6776925
xargs: https://blog.csdn.net/gb4215287/article/details/78037520
xargs -a
xargs -E '关键词' 作为停止的flag
