[转帖]lsblk命令详解

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jinanxiaolaohu6 2024-01-12 10:21:31

lsblk命令用来查看block设备的信息.

主要应用场景: 获取wwnid,获取块设备列表,获取块设备类型(ssd,hdd),获取块设备的size等信息.

数据来源: /sys/dev/block

返回码:

0: success
1: failure
32: 找不到所有指定设备
64: 一些设备找到了,一些设备没找到

类似的命令:

findmnt , blkid, ls

帮助信息:

➜  ~ lsblk --help

Usage:
 lsblk [options] [<device> ...]

List information about block devices.

选项：
 -a, --all            print all devices
 -b, --bytes          print SIZE in bytes rather than in human readable format
 -d, --nodeps         don't print slaves or holders
 -D, --discard        print discard capabilities
 -e, --exclude <list> exclude devices by major number (default: RAM disks)
 -f, --fs             output info about filesystems
 -i, --ascii          use ascii characters only
 -I, --include <list> show only devices with specified major numbers
 -J, --json           use JSON output format
 -l, --list           use list format output
 -m, --perms          output info about permissions
 -n, --noheadings     don't print headings
 -o, --output <list>  output columns
 -O, --output-all     output all columns
 -p, --paths          print complete device path
 -P, --pairs          use key="value" output format
 -r, --raw            use raw output format
 -s, --inverse        inverse dependencies
 -S, --scsi           output info about SCSI devices
 -t, --topology       output info about topology
 -x, --sort <column>  sort output by <column>

 -h, --help     display this help and exit
 -V, --version  output version information and exit

Available columns (for --output):
        NAME  device name
       KNAME  internal kernel device name
     MAJ:MIN  major:minor device number
      FSTYPE  filesystem type
  MOUNTPOINT  where the device is mounted
       LABEL  filesystem LABEL
        UUID  filesystem UUID
    PARTTYPE  partition type UUID
   PARTLABEL  partition LABEL
    PARTUUID  partition UUID
   PARTFLAGS  partition flags
          RA  read-ahead of the device
          RO  read-only device
          RM  removable device
     HOTPLUG  removable or hotplug device (usb, pcmcia, ...)
       MODEL  device identifier
      SERIAL  disk serial number
        SIZE  size of the device
       STATE  state of the device
       OWNER  user name
       GROUP  group name
        MODE  device node permissions
   ALIGNMENT  alignment offset
      MIN-IO  minimum I/O size
      OPT-IO  optimal I/O size
     PHY-SEC  physical sector size
     LOG-SEC  logical sector size
        ROTA  rotational device, 0是不可旋转(ssd),1是可旋转(hdd)
       SCHED  I/O scheduler name
     RQ-SIZE  request queue size
        TYPE  device type
    DISC-ALN  discard alignment offset
   DISC-GRAN  discard granularity
    DISC-MAX  discard max bytes
   DISC-ZERO  discard zeroes data
       WSAME  write same max bytes
         WWN  unique storage identifier
        RAND  adds randomness
      PKNAME  internal parent kernel device name
        HCTL  Host:Channel:Target:Lun for SCSI
        TRAN  device transport type
  SUBSYSTEMS  de-duplicated chain of subsystems
         REV  device revision
      VENDOR  device vendor

lsblk 命令输出 default 参数是-a, --all

➜  ~ lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop1    7:1    0  55.8M  1 loop /snap/kata-containers/288
sdd      8:48   0   1.8T  0 disk 
└─sdd1   8:49   0   1.8T  0 part 
sdb      8:16   0 119.2G  0 disk 
├─sdb2   8:18   0   915M  0 part 
└─sdb1   8:17   0 118.4G  0 part 
loop4    7:4    0  69.8M  1 loop /snap/kata-containers/352
sr0     11:0    1  1024M  0 rom  
loop2    7:2    0  89.4M  1 loop /snap/core/6818
loop0    7:0    0  88.4M  1 loop /snap/core/6964
sde      8:64   0   1.8T  0 disk 
├─sde2   8:66   0   1.8T  0 part 
└─sde1   8:65   0   128M  0 part 
sdc      8:32   0   477G  0 disk 
├─sdc2   8:34   0   372G  0 part /home
├─sdc5   8:37   0   9.5G  0 part [SWAP]
├─sdc3   8:35   0     1K  0 part 
└─sdc1   8:33   0  95.4G  0 part /
loop3    7:3    0  89.3M  1 loop /snap/core/6673

lsblk -b , --bytes ,输出单位为字节

➜  ~ lsblk -b
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM          SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop1    7:1    0      58478592  1 loop /snap/kata-containers/288
sdd      8:48   0 2000398934016  0 disk 
└─sdd1   8:49   0 2000397795328  0 part 
sdb      8:16   0  128035676160  0 disk 
├─sdb2   8:18   0     959447040  0 part 
└─sdb1   8:17   0  127071901696  0 part 
loop4    7:4    0      73129984  1 loop /snap/kata-containers/352
sr0     11:0    1    1073741312  0 rom  
loop2    7:2    0      93720576  1 loop /snap/core/6818
loop0    7:0    0      92733440  1 loop /snap/core/6964
sde      8:64   0 2000398934016  0 disk 
├─sde2   8:66   0 2000263577600  0 part 
└─sde1   8:65   0     134217728  0 part 
sdc      8:32   0  512110190592  0 disk 
├─sdc2   8:34   0  399469707264  0 part /home
├─sdc5   8:37   0   10239344640  0 part [SWAP]
├─sdc3   8:35   0          1024  0 part 
└─sdc1   8:33   0  102398689280  0 part /
loop3    7:3    0      93581312  1 loop /snap/core/6673

lsblk -D , --discard, 打印discard信息, (没详细查)，针对SSD盘，trim相关

➜  ~ lsblk -D
NAME   DISC-ALN DISC-GRAN DISC-MAX DISC-ZERO
loop1         0        4K       4G         0
sdd           0        4K       2G         0
└─sdd1        0        4K       2G         0
sdb           0      512B       2G         0
├─sdb2        0      512B       2G         0
└─sdb1        0      512B       2G         0
loop4         0        4K       4G         0
sr0           0        0B       0B         0
loop2         0        4K       4G         0
loop0         0        4K       4G         0
sde           0        0B       0B         0
├─sde2        0        0B       0B         0
└─sde1        0        0B       0B         0
sdc           0      512B       2G         0
├─sdc2        0      512B       2G         0
├─sdc5        0      512B       2G         0
├─sdc3        0      512B       2G         0
└─sdc1        0      512B       2G         0
loop3         0        4K       4G         0

DISC-GRAN DISC-MAX 非0说明支持fstrim

lsblk -d [/dev/sdx], --nodeps ,打印指定设备的信息,或者打印所有设备的信息

➜  ~ lsblk -d
NAME  MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop1   7:1    0  55.8M  1 loop /snap/kata-containers/288
sdd     8:48   0   1.8T  0 disk 
sdb     8:16   0 119.2G  0 disk 
loop4   7:4    0  69.8M  1 loop /snap/kata-containers/352
sr0    11:0    1  1024M  0 rom  
loop2   7:2    0  89.4M  1 loop /snap/core/6818
loop0   7:0    0  88.4M  1 loop /snap/core/6964
sde     8:64   0   1.8T  0 disk 
sdc     8:32   0   477G  0 disk 
loop3   7:3    0  89.3M  1 loop /snap/core/6673

➜  ~ lsblk -d /dev/sdc
NAME MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdc    8:32   0  477G  0 disk

lsblk -e, --exclude list , 排除major id列表

➜  ~ lsblk -e 7
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdd      8:48   0   1.8T  0 disk 
└─sdd1   8:49   0   1.8T  0 part 
sdb      8:16   0 119.2G  0 disk 
├─sdb2   8:18   0   915M  0 part 
└─sdb1   8:17   0 118.4G  0 part 
sr0     11:0    1  1024M  0 rom  
sde      8:64   0   1.8T  0 disk 
├─sde2   8:66   0   1.8T  0 part 
└─sde1   8:65   0   128M  0 part 
sdc      8:32   0   477G  0 disk 
├─sdc2   8:34   0   372G  0 part /home
├─sdc5   8:37   0   9.5G  0 part [SWAP]
├─sdc3   8:35   0     1K  0 part 
└─sdc1   8:33   0  95.4G  0 part /
➜  ~ lsblk -e 7,8
NAME MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0   11:0    1 1024M  0 rom

lsblk -f, --fs , 输出设备的文件系统信息

同lsblk -o NAME,FSTYPE,LABEL,UUID,MOUNTPOINT

➜  ~ lsblk -f       
NAME   FSTYPE   LABEL    UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT
loop1  squashfs                                               /snap/kata-containers/288
sdd                                                           
└─sdd1 ntfs     Volume2  CA9015A6901599D1                     
sdb                                                           
├─sdb2 ntfs              30EAC3FEEAC3BE7A                     
└─sdb1 ntfs     OS_WIN10 0600EC5800EC4FEB                     
loop4  squashfs                                               /snap/kata-containers/352
sr0                                                           
loop2  squashfs                                               /snap/core/6818
loop0  squashfs                                               /snap/core/6964
sde                                                           
├─sde2 ntfs     专用存储 B6D47A52D47A1539                     
└─sde1                                                        
sdc                                                           
├─sdc2 ext4              53842090-4ad6-4472-ad35-53b4d7b33bf8 /home
├─sdc5 swap              382e4b22-503e-4911-bf2f-1167af3f3cda [SWAP]
├─sdc3                                                        
└─sdc1 ext4              6b5618d0-a2b0-41f3-a3a5-9eb5a524b0a8 /
loop3  squashfs                                               /snap/core/6673

lsblk -I , --include list ,打印major id列表

➜  ~ lsblk -I 7,8
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop1    7:1    0  55.8M  1 loop /snap/kata-containers/288
sdd      8:48   0   1.8T  0 disk 
└─sdd1   8:49   0   1.8T  0 part 
sdb      8:16   0 119.2G  0 disk 
├─sdb2   8:18   0   915M  0 part 
└─sdb1   8:17   0 118.4G  0 part 
loop4    7:4    0  69.8M  1 loop /snap/kata-containers/352
loop2    7:2    0  89.4M  1 loop /snap/core/6818
loop0    7:0    0  88.4M  1 loop /snap/core/6964
sde      8:64   0   1.8T  0 disk 
├─sde2   8:66   0   1.8T  0 part 
└─sde1   8:65   0   128M  0 part 
sdc      8:32   0   477G  0 disk 
├─sdc2   8:34   0   372G  0 part /home
├─sdc5   8:37   0   9.5G  0 part [SWAP]
├─sdc3   8:35   0     1K  0 part 
└─sdc1   8:33   0  95.4G  0 part /
loop3    7:3    0  89.3M  1 loop /snap/core/6673

lsblk -i , --ascii ,将输出信息的字符用ascii码打印

➜  ~ lsblk -i
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop1    7:1    0  55.8M  1 loop /snap/kata-containers/288
sdd      8:48   0   1.8T  0 disk 
`-sdd1   8:49   0   1.8T  0 part 
sdb      8:16   0 119.2G  0 disk 
|-sdb2   8:18   0   915M  0 part 
`-sdb1   8:17   0 118.4G  0 part 
loop4    7:4    0  69.8M  1 loop /snap/kata-containers/352
sr0     11:0    1  1024M  0 rom  
loop2    7:2    0  89.4M  1 loop /snap/core/6818
loop0    7:0    0  88.4M  1 loop /snap/core/6964
sde      8:64   0   1.8T  0 disk 
|-sde2   8:66   0   1.8T  0 part 
`-sde1   8:65   0   128M  0 part 
sdc      8:32   0   477G  0 disk 
|-sdc2   8:34   0   372G  0 part /home
|-sdc5   8:37   0   9.5G  0 part [SWAP]
|-sdc3   8:35   0     1K  0 part 
`-sdc1   8:33   0  95.4G  0 part /
loop3    7:3    0  89.3M  1 loop /snap/core/6673

lsblk -J , --json 用json格式输出

➜  ~ lsblk -J
{
   "blockdevices": [
      {"name": "loop1", "maj:min": "7:1", "rm": "0", "size": "55.8M", "ro": "1", "type": "loop", "mountpoint": "/snap/kata-containers/288"},
      {"name": "sdd", "maj:min": "8:48", "rm": "0", "size": "1.8T", "ro": "0", "type": "disk", "mountpoint": null,
         "children": [
            {"name": "sdd1", "maj:min": "8:49", "rm": "0", "size": "1.8T", "ro": "0", "type": "part", "mountpoint": null}
         ]
      },
      {"name": "sdb", "maj:min": "8:16", "rm": "0", "size": "119.2G", "ro": "0", "type": "disk", "mountpoint": null,
         "children": [
            {"name": "sdb2", "maj:min": "8:18", "rm": "0", "size": "915M", "ro": "0", "type": "part", "mountpoint": null},
            {"name": "sdb1", "maj:min": "8:17", "rm": "0", "size": "118.4G", "ro": "0", "type": "part", "mountpoint": null}
         ]
      },
      {"name": "loop4", "maj:min": "7:4", "rm": "0", "size": "69.8M", "ro": "1", "type": "loop", "mountpoint": "/snap/kata-containers/352"},
      {"name": "sr0", "maj:min": "11:0", "rm": "1", "size": "1024M", "ro": "0", "type": "rom", "mountpoint": null},
      {"name": "loop2", "maj:min": "7:2", "rm": "0", "size": "89.4M", "ro": "1", "type": "loop", "mountpoint": "/snap/core/6818"},
      {"name": "loop0", "maj:min": "7:0", "rm": "0", "size": "88.4M", "ro": "1", "type": "loop", "mountpoint": "/snap/core/6964"},
      {"name": "sde", "maj:min": "8:64", "rm": "0", "size": "1.8T", "ro": "0", "type": "disk", "mountpoint": null,
         "children": [
            {"name": "sde2", "maj:min": "8:66", "rm": "0", "size": "1.8T", "ro": "0", "type": "part", "mountpoint": null},
            {"name": "sde1", "maj:min": "8:65", "rm": "0", "size": "128M", "ro": "0", "type": "part", "mountpoint": null}
         ]
      },
      {"name": "sdc", "maj:min": "8:32", "rm": "0", "size": "477G", "ro": "0", "type": "disk", "mountpoint": null,
         "children": [
            {"name": "sdc2", "maj:min": "8:34", "rm": "0", "size": "372G", "ro": "0", "type": "part", "mountpoint": "/home"},
            {"name": "sdc5", "maj:min": "8:37", "rm": "0", "size": "9.5G", "ro": "0", "type": "part", "mountpoint": "[SWAP]"},
            {"name": "sdc3", "maj:min": "8:35", "rm": "0", "size": "1K", "ro": "0", "type": "part", "mountpoint":