该实例将练习MySQL的导入导出操作
实例：
将/etc/passwd文件导入userdb库user表并给每条记录加编号
将userdb库user表中UID小于100的前10条记录导出，存为/mydata/user1.txt文件
新建userdb库，切换到userdb库，并且设置如下字段；
mysql> create database userdb; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> use userdb; Database changed mysql> create table user( -> username varchar(24) not null, -> password varchar(48) default 'x', -> uid int(5) not null, -> gid int(5) not null, -> fullname varchar(48), -> homedir varchar(64) not null, -> shell varchar(24) not null -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> desc user; +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | username | varchar(24) | NO | | NULL | | | password | varchar(48) | YES | | x | | | uid | int(5) | NO | | NULL | | | gid | int(5) | NO | | NULL | | | fullname | varchar(48) | YES | | NULL | | | homedir | varchar(64) | NO | | NULL | | | shell | varchar(24) | NO | | NULL | | +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 7 rows in set (0.01 sec)
注：在MySQL 5.7.6版本之后，导入文件只能在secure_file_priv指定的文件夹下。如果直接导入会报错。执行show variables like '%secure%'命令显示文件目录：
mysql> load data infile '/etc/passwd' into table user fields terminated by ':'; ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --secure-file-priv option so it cannot execute this statement mysql> show variables like '%secure%'; +--------------------------+-----------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+-----------------------+ | require_secure_transport | OFF | | secure_auth | ON | | secure_file_priv | /var/lib/mysql-files/ | +--------------------------+-----------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
执行导入操作
-将/etc/passwd文件复制到/var/lib/mysql-files/目录下，
-读取/var/lib/mysql-files/passwd文件内容，以“:”为分隔，导入到user表中：
[root@host50 ~]#cp /etc/passwd /var/lib/mysql-files/ mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE '/var/lib/mysql-files/passwd' -> INTO TABLE user -> FIELDS TERMINATED BY ':'; Query OK, 42 rows affected (0.11 sec) Records: 42 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0
注：上述操作中省略了行分隔 LINES TERMINATED BY '\n'，因为这是默认的情况（每行一条原始记录），除非需要以其他字符分割行，才需要用到这个。
确认导入结果
mysql> select count(*) from user; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 42 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from user limit 10; +----------+----------+-----+-----+----------+-----------------+----------------+ | username | password | uid | gid | fullname | homedir | shell | +----------+----------+-----+-----+----------+-----------------+----------------+ | root | x | 0 | 0 | root | /root | /bin/bash | | bin | x | 1 | 1 | bin | /bin | /sbin/nologin | | daemon | x | 2 | 2 | daemon | /sbin | /sbin/nologin | | adm | x | 3 | 4 | adm | /var/adm | /sbin/nologin | | lp | x | 4 | 7 | lp | /var/spool/lpd | /sbin/nologin | | sync | x | 5 | 0 | sync | /sbin | /bin/sync | | shutdown | x | 6 | 0 | shutdown | /sbin | /sbin/shutdown | | halt | x | 7 | 0 | halt | /sbin | /sbin/halt | | mail | x | 8 | 12 | mail | /var/spool/mail | /sbin/nologin | | operator | x | 11 | 0 | operator | /root | /sbin/nologin | +----------+----------+-----+-----+----------+-----------------+----------------+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
为user表中的每条记录添加自动编号，并验证自动编写结果
mysql> alter table user add sn int(4) auto_increment primary key first; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from user limit 10; +----+----------+----------+-----+-----+----------+-----------------+----------------+ | sn | username | password | uid | gid | fullname | homedir | shell | +----+----------+----------+-----+-----+----------+-----------------+----------------+ | 1 | root | x | 0 | 0 | root | /root | /bin/bash | | 2 | bin | x | 1 | 1 | bin | /bin | /sbin/nologin | | 3 | daemon | x | 2 | 2 | daemon | /sbin | /sbin/nologin | | 4 | adm | x | 3 | 4 | adm | /var/adm | /sbin/nologin | | 5 | lp | x | 4 | 7 | lp | /var/spool/lpd | /sbin/nologin | | 6 | sync | x | 5 | 0 | sync | /sbin | /bin/sync | | 7 | shutdown | x | 6 | 0 | shutdown | /sbin | /sbin/shutdown | | 8 | halt | x | 7 | 0 | halt | /sbin | /sbin/halt | | 9 | mail | x | 8 | 12 | mail | /var/spool/mail | /sbin/nologin | | 10 | operator | x | 11 | 0 | operator | /root | /sbin/nologin | +----+----------+----------+-----+-----+----------+-----------------+----------------+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
从MySQL数据库中导出查询结果
-以将userdb库user表中UID小于100的前10条记录导出为/myload/user2.txt文件为例
首先，修改配置文件中存放导出导入目录及查看修改结果
[root@host50 ~]# mkdir /myload ; chown mysql /myload [root@host50 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] secure_file_priv="/myload" [root@dbsvr1 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld mysql> show variables like "secure_file_priv"; +------------------+----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------+----------+ | secure_file_priv | /myload/ |
导出user表中UID小于100的前十条记录
mysql> select * from userdb.user where uid<100 -> into outfile '/myload/user.txt' -> fields terminated by ":"; Query OK, 26 rows affected (0.00 sec)
确认导出结果
[root@host50 ~]# wc -l /myload/user.txt 26 /myload/user.txt [root@host50 ~]# tail /myload/user.txt 25:tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin 29:rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin 33:gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin 35:sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin 36:avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin 37:postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin 38:ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin 39:tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin 41:apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin 42:mysql:x:27:27:MySQL Server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/false
