1、说明:
IP 计算机名 角色 192.168.1.101 MySQL-001 master 192.168.1.102 MySQL-002 slave
系统:CentOS 6.* 或 7.* MySQL版本:5.7 mysql安装步骤链接 http://blog.51cto.com/10158955/1926574 注意!根据自己的安装路径不同和数据目录不同而修改!(包括配置文件) 2、master配置文件设置如下
一般mysql配置文件在/etc/my.cnf
(如果找不到的话也有可能在这些目录下:/etc/mysql/my.cnf,/usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf,~/.my.cnf)
[root@MySQL-001 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/data/mysqldata socket=/tmp/mysql.sock user=mysql port=3306
master的配置
server-id=1 # 服务器id (主从必须不一样) binlog-do-db=employees # 要给从机同步的库 binlog-ignore-db=mysql # 不给从机同步的库(多个写多行) binlog-ignore-db=information_schema binlog-ignore-db=performance_schema binlog-ignore-db=sys log-bin=mysql-bin # 打开日志(主机需要打开),这个mysql-bin也可以自定义; expire_logs_days=90 # 自动清理 90 天前的log文件,可根据需要修改 重启数据库使配置生效:
CentOS 6.: [root@MySQL-001 ~]# service mysqld restart [root@MySQL-001 ~]# service mysqld status SUCCESS! MySQL running (15607) CentOS 7.: [root@MySQL-001 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld.service [root@MySQL-001 ~]# systemctl status mysqld.service mysqld.service - MySQL Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled) Active: active (running) since 四 2018-05-17 11:42:02 CST; 2h 5min ago Docs: man:mysqld(8) http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html Main PID: 29959 (mysqld) CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service └─29959 /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
5月 17 11:42:02 tcloud-118 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
测试log_bin是否成功开启
[root@MySQL-001 ~]# mysql -uroot -p mysql> show variables like '%log_bin%'; +---------------------------------+---------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------------------+---------------------------------+ | log_bin | ON | | log_bin_basename | /opt/mysql/logs/mysql-bin | | log_bin_index | /opt/mysql/logs/mysql-bin.index | | log_bin_trust_function_creators | ON | | log_bin_use_v1_row_events | OFF | | sql_log_bin | ON | +---------------------------------+---------------------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> 可以看到log_bin为ON; 3、master的数据库中建立主从同步账号backup:
backup为用户名,192.168.1.%表示只允许192.168.1网段的客户端连接,123456为密码;
mysql> grant replication slave on . to 'backup'@'192.168.1.%' identified by '123456'; mysql> flush privileges; mysql> select Host,User,authentication_string from mysql.user; +--------------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+ | Host | User | authentication_string | +--------------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+ | localhost | root | *6C362347EBEAA7DF44F6D34884615A35095E80EB | | localhost | mysql.session | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE | | localhost | mysql.sys | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE | | 192.168.1.% | backup | *9BB58B7F11A03B83C396FF506F3DF45727E79614 | +--------------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> backup@192.168.1.%账户已建立; 4、Master锁表,往slave拷贝数据
重启MySQL服务并设置读取锁定,读取锁定的意思是只能读取,不能更新,以便获得一个一致性的快照;
mysql> flush table with read lock; # 主库锁表;默认28800秒,即8小时自动解锁; mysql> show master status; *************************** 1. row *************************** File: mysql-bin.000002 Position: 154 Binlog_Do_DB: Binlog_Ignore_DB: mysql Executed_Gtid_Set: 3f46a487-5984-11e8-8edd-00163e000d73:1-8 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> 查看主服务器上当前的二进制日志名和偏移量值这里的file 和position 要和从上的一致; 导出master(192.168.1.101)上的数据,然后导入slave 中 master: [root@MySQL-001 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p employees > /opt/employees.sql # 假如employees为主库已经存在的库 [root@MySQL-001 ~]# yum install openssh-clients -y #(注:slave也需要安装)
slave: [root@MySQL-001 ~]# yum install openssh-clients -y [root@MySQL-001 ~]# scp /opt/employees.sql root@192.168.1.102:/opt/ root@192.168.1.102's password: #输入密码 employees.bak 100% 5、配置slave(192.168.1.102) [root@MySQL-002 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir=/usr/local/mysql # mysql路径 datadir=/data/mysqldata # mysql数据目录 socket=/tmp/mysql.sock user=mysql port=3306
slave配置
server_id=2 # MySQLid 后面2个从服务器需设置不同 skip_slave_start=1 # 复制进程不会随着数据库的启动而启动,需手动启动; #加上以下参数可以避免更新不及时,SLAVE 重启后导致的主从复制出错。 read_only = 1 master_info_repository=TABLE relay_log_info_repository=TABLE #relay_log_recovery=1 # 从机禁止写 #super_read_only=1 # 从机禁止写 然后导入到mysql数据库中,slave上的employees数据库不存在则先创建,然后再导入 [root@MySQL-002 ~]# mysql -uroot -p mysql> create database employees; # 新建这个库 [root@MySQL-002 ~]# mysql -uroot -p employees < /opt/employees.sql 重启数据库 CentOS 6.: [root@MySQL-002 ~]# service mysqld restart [root@MySQL-002 ~]# service mysqld status SUCCESS! MySQL running (15604) CentOS 7.: [root@MySQL-002 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld.service [root@MySQL-002 ~]# systemctl status mysqld.service mysqld.service - MySQL Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled) Active: active (running) since 四 2018-05-17 11:42:02 CST; 2h 5min ago Docs: man:mysqld(8) http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html Main PID: 29959 (mysqld) CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service └─29959 /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
5月 17 11:42:02 tcloud-118 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
登录slave数据库,并做如下设置 [root@MySQL-002 ~]# mysql -uroot -p mysql> stop slave; mysql> change master to -> master_host='192.168.1.101', # master的ip -> master_user='backup', # 备份用户名 -> master_password='123456', # 密码 -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002', # 上面截图,且要与master的参数一致 -> master_log_pos=154; # 上面截图,且要与master的参数一致 合写为: mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.1.101', master_user='backup', master_password='123456', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002', master_log_pos=154; mysql> start slave; mysql> show slave status \G # 查看slave从机的状态 *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.1.101 Master_User: backup Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154 Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 921 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1756 Relay_Log_Space: 1122 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 118 Master_UUID: 3f46a487-5984-11e8-8edd-00163e000d73 Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 3f46a487-5984-11e8-8edd-00163e000d73:6-8 Executed_Gtid_Set: 3f46a487-5984-11e8-8edd-00163e000d73:6-8 Auto_Position: 0 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
root@tcloud-119 15:11: [(none)]> 下面对应参数相同代表设置成功,0延时; Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
6、关闭掉主数据库的读取锁定,并测试
mysql> unlock tables; 在marster中创建一个新表再查看slave中是否有数据
master: mysql> use employees; mysql> create table test001(id int auto_increment primary key,name varchar(20) not null); mysql> insert into test001 values(null,'will'); mysql> insert into test001 values(null,'jim'); mysql> insert into test001 values(null,'tom');
slave: mysql> use employees; mysql> show tables; 有图 mysql> select * from test001; 测试2:重启关闭从数据库,主删除test001表,然后主从数据库都重启看是否正常 mysql> drop table test001; 以上实验证明主从同步成功!!!