MySQL5.7.41 GTID 主从同步

序号	主机	IP
1	mysql001(master)	192.168.1.1
2	mysql002(slave)	192.168.1.2

1.关闭 iptables、NetworkManager及selinux

systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
systemctl disable --now firewalld NetworkManager
setenforce 0
sed -ri '/^[^#]*SELINUX=/s#=.+$#=disabled#' /etc/selinux/config

2.关闭swap分区

swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0
sed -ri '/^[^#]*swap/s@^@#@' /etc/fstab

3.设置yum源

yum install -y wget
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
yum makecache
yum install wget vim lsof net-tools lrzsz screen git gcc gcc-c++ -y 
yum install -y libaio-devel

4.启用 ELRepo 仓库

ELRepo 仓库是基于社区的用于企业级 Linux 仓库，提供对 RedHat Enterprise (RHEL) 和 其他基于 RHEL的 Linux 发行版（CentOS、Scientific、Fedora 等）的支持。

ELRepo 聚焦于和硬件相关的软件包，包括文件系统驱动、显卡驱动、网络驱动、声卡驱动和摄像头驱动等。

启用 ELRepo 仓库：

# rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
# rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-2.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm

5.时间同步

切记所有机器需要自行设定ntp,否则不只HA下apiserver通信有问题,各种千奇百怪的问题。

yum -y install ntp
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
echo 'Asia/Shanghai' >/etc/timezone
ntpdate time2.aliyun.com

yum install chrony -y

cp /etc/chrony.conf /etc/chrony.conf.bak
cat>/etc/chrony.conf<< EOF
server ntp1.aliyun.com iburst minpoll 4 maxpoll 10
server ntp2.aliyun.com iburst minpoll 4 maxpoll 10
server ntp3.aliyun.com iburst minpoll 4 maxpoll 10
server ntp4.aliyun.com iburst minpoll 4 maxpoll 10
server ntp5.aliyun.com iburst minpoll 4 maxpoll 10
server ntp6.aliyun.com iburst minpoll 4 maxpoll 10
server ntp7.aliyun.com iburst minpoll 4 maxpoll 10
driftfile /var/lib/chrony/drift
makestep 1.0 3
rtcsync
logdir /var/log/chrony
EOF

systemctl start chronyd.service  && systemctl status chronyd.service && systemctl enable chronyd.service

6.配置主机名

hostname --static set-hostname mysql001

7.安装开发部署环境

yum -y install ncurses-devel gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 autoconf automake zlib* fiex* libxml* libmcrypt* libtool-ltdl-devel* libtool make pcre* libaio.*

8.创建数据库软件目录

mkdir /data/services -p
cd  /data/services  
将文件上传或下载到该目录

9.创建 MySQL 用户组及用户

groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql

10.解压缩 mysql 的二进制包,并修改相关权限

http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/
https://www.mysql.com/downloads/

cd  /data/services 
wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.41-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
tar xf mysql-5.7.41-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

ln -s mysql-5.7.41-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

#创建数据目录：
mkdir /data/services/mysql/{data,logs,binlog,mysqltmp}


#对目录进行授权管理：
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/services/mysql
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/services/mysql-5.7.41-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64

设置环境变量

echo 'export PATH=/data/services/mysql/bin:$PATH' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

11.初始化数据库 (可以先配置 /etc/my.cnf文件)

注：

• 之前版本mysql_install_db是在mysql_basedir/script下，5.7放在了mysql_install_db/bin目录下;

• "--initialize"会生成一个随机密码(~/.mysql_secret)，而"--initialize-insecure"不会生成密码

  --initialize:

  ​ 生成的临时密码需要修改

  ​ 数据库密码的要妈祖密码复杂度

• --datadir目标目录下不能有数据文件

mysqld --help --verbose| less（查看语法）
/data/services/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/data/services/mysql --datadir=/data/services/mysql/data

2020-06-27T10:37:39.531788Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-06-27T10:37:39.837894Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-06-27T10:37:39.867859Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-06-27T10:37:39.923909Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 39805555-b862-11ea-aa2b-000c291da56b.
2020-06-27T10:37:39.924517Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-06-27T10:37:40.527960Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-06-27T10:37:40.926519Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.

12.配置mysql配置文件 /etc/my.cnf

简单配置文件：

rm -rf  /etc/my.cnf
cat >>/etc/my.cnf<< \EOF
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set = utf8mb4
socket = /data/services/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
user=mysql
port = 3306
secure-file-priv=/tmp
datadir=/data/services/mysql/data
socket = /data/services/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error= /data/services/mysql/logs/mysql-err.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 5
log_queries_not_using_indexes  = 1
slow_query_log_file=/data/services/mysql/logs/mysql_slow_queries.log
pid-file=/data/services/mysql/mysql.pid

lower_case_table_names = 1   #忽略大小写

gtid_mode = ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1

server-id = 1           #主从要不一致
log-bin = /data/services/mysql/binlog/mysql-bin
max_binlog_size = 1000M
expire_logs_days = 7
binlog_format = mixed
character-set-server = utf8mb4
init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
table_open_cache = 512
tmpdir = /data/services/mysql/mysqltmp
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO


explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1
default-time-zone = '+8:00'
max_connections = 3600
max_allowed_packet = 100M
table_open_cache = 512
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 10G
innodb_log_file_size = 512M
innodb_file_per_table = 1

[mysql]
prompt="\\u@\\h :\\d\\r:\\m:\\s>"
auto-rehash
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
thread_concurrency = 8
EOF

13.配置 mysql 启动文件

cp -f /data/services/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
sed -i 's#^basedir=$#basedir=/data/services/mysql#' /etc/init.d/mysqld
sed -i 's#^datadir=$#datadir=/data/services/mysql/data#' /etc/init.d/mysqld

chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld 
chkconfig mysqld on
systemctl start mysqld
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl status mysqld

14.主库更新数据库密码（从库不做操作）

[root@wjg006 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.28 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
	
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

#设置root密码
mysql>  SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('12345678');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

#更新root别名
mysql> update user set user='admin' where user='root';
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)


#####################################################################################################
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -uadmin -p'12345678'
Enter password: 
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.


5.7 中用户基本信息
use mysql;
select user,authentication_string,host from mysql.user;
desc  mysql.user;

15.数据库连接方式

mysql -uadmin -p'12345678' -h 192.168.1.1 -P 3306

16.主库中创建复制用户

grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.1.%' identified by '888888';
flush privileges;
SELECT User,Host,authentication_string from mysql.user;	

17、 获取主节点当前binary log文件名和位置（position）

mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS;

18. 从库：192.168.1.2 执行 1-13 部署mysql，注意修改192.168.1.1；

19. 在从（Slave）节点上设置主节点参数

#vim /etc/my.cnf 
#增加一下参数，避免从库误写；
read_only = 1
super_read_only = 1


change master to 
master_host='192.168.1.1',
master_user='repl',
master_password='888888' ,
MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;

start slave;

show slave status\G;

20. 查看主从同步状态

mysql> show slave status\G;

appointment@localhost :(none)09:55:35>show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.1.1
                  Master_User: repl
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1849
               Relay_Log_File: zcy-fsyy-mysqlslave001-104-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 2064
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1849
              Relay_Log_Space: 2294
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: f72b2d36-8980-11eb-bdde-005056990ed7
             Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: f72b2d36-8980-11eb-bdde-005056990ed7:1-7
            Executed_Gtid_Set: f7082cc4-8980-11eb-b7aa-00505699c950:1-4,
f72b2d36-8980-11eb-bdde-005056990ed7:1-7
                Auto_Position: 1
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
       Master_public_key_path: 
        Get_master_public_key: 0
            Network_Namespace: 
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

ERROR: 
No query specified

appointment@localhost :(none)09:56:08>

21.创建用户

# readonly
GRANT  SELECT ON *.* TO 'readonly'@'%' identified by 'sdfdddd!!';