Integer.valueOf(int)及自动装箱内幕
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Integer为什么要提供功能与new Integer(xx)一样的valueOf(xx)方法呢,看了源代码之后,我发现了惊人的内幕。
public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
return new Integer(i); // 缓存里没有则new
}
public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
return new Integer(i); // 缓存里没有则new
}
原来,Integer类里定义了一个静态内部类IntegerCache,
private static class IntegerCache {
static final int low = -128;
static final int high;
static final Integer cache[];
static {
// high value may be configured by property
int h = 127;
String integerCacheHighPropValue =
sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
i = Math.max(i, 127);
// Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
}
high = h;
cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
int j = low;
for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
}
private IntegerCache() {}
}
private static class IntegerCache {
static final int low = -128;
static final int high;
static final Integer cache[];
static {
// high value may be configured by property
int h = 127;
String integerCacheHighPropValue =
sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
i = Math.max(i, 127);
// Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
}
high = h;
cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
int j = low;
for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
}
private IntegerCache() {}
}
该类加载后会在内存里缓存若个个Integer对象,默认从-128~127,high可配(XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=200)。调用valueOf(x),当x>=-128且x<=high时直接取缓存里的对象,不用new,不在这个范围的则在堆里new。(注:Long,Integer,Short,Byte,Character,Boolean均实现了常量池)
我们知道Integer a = 12会发生自动装箱(int->Integer),实际上是调用了Integer.valueOf(12),用javap验证如下:
localhost:tmp javahongxi$ javap -c T
警告: 二进制文件T包含tmp.T
Compiled from "T.java"
public class tmp.T {
java.lang.Integer i;
public tmp.T();
Code:
0: aload_0
1: invokespecial #1 // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
4: aload_0
5: bipush 12
7: invokestatic #2 // Method java/lang/Integer.valueOf:(I)Ljava/lang/Integer;
10: putfield #3 // Field i:Ljava/lang/Integer;
13: return
}
localhost:tmp javahongxi$ javap -c T
警告: 二进制文件T包含tmp.T
Compiled from "T.java"
public class tmp.T {
java.lang.Integer i;
public tmp.T();
Code:
0: aload_0
1: invokespecial #1 // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
4: aload_0
5: bipush 12
7: invokestatic #2 // Method java/lang/Integer.valueOf:(I)Ljava/lang/Integer;
10: putfield #3 // Field i:Ljava/lang/Integer;
13: return
}
到此,我们可以得出一个重要的结论:-128~127范围内的整数,我们千万不要用new Integer来声明,请用自动装箱或Integer.valueOf。
最后我们看看equals方法,
private final int value;
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (obj instanceof Integer) {
return value == ((Integer)obj).intValue();
}
return false;
}
private final int value;
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (obj instanceof Integer) {
return value == ((Integer)obj).intValue();
}
return false;
}
现在,我们应该能应对各种关于Integer==判断的笔试题了。
关于字符串的比较请参考String创建详解