人生不如意之事十之八九,合并分支往往也不是一帆风顺的。
准备新的feature1
分支,继续我们的新分支开发:
$ git checkout -b feature1Switched to a new branch 'feature1'
修改readme.txt最后一行,改为:
Creating a new branch is quick AND simple.
在feature1
分支上提交:
$ git add readme.txt $ git commit -m "AND simple"[feature1 75a857c] AND simple 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
切换到master
分支:
$ git checkout master Switched to branch 'master' Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1 commit.
Git还会自动提示我们当前master
分支比远程的master
分支要超前1个提交。
在master
分支上把readme.txt文件的最后一行改为:
Creating a new branch is quick & simple.
提交:
$ git add readme.txt $ git commit -m "& simple"[master 400b400] & simple 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
现在,master
分支和feature1
分支各自都分别有新的提交,变成了这样:
这种情况下,Git无法执行“快速合并”,只能试图把各自的修改合并起来,但这种合并就可能会有冲突,我们试试看:
$ git merge feature1Auto-merging readme.txtCONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in readme.txtAutomatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
果然冲突了!Git告诉我们,readme.txt文件存在冲突,必须手动解决冲突后再提交。git status
也可以告诉我们冲突的文件:
$ git status# On branch master# Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 2 commits.## Unmerged paths:# (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)## both modified: readme.txt#no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
我们可以直接查看readme.txt的内容:
Git is a distributed version control system. Git is free software distributed under the GPL. Git has a mutable index called stage. Git tracks changes of files.<<<<<<< HEADCreating a new branch is quick & simple.=======Creating a new branch is quick AND simple.>>>>>>> feature1
Git用<<<<<<<
,=======
,>>>>>>>
标记出不同分支的内容,我们修改如下后保存:
Creating a new branch is quick and simple.
再提交:
$ git add readme.txt $ git commit -m "conflict fixed"[master 59bc1cb] conflict fixed
现在,master
分支和feature1
分支变成了下图所示:
用带参数的git log
也可以看到分支的合并情况:
$ git log --graph --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit * 59bc1cb conflict fixed |\ | * 75a857c AND simple * | 400b400 & simple |/ * fec145a branch test ...
最后,删除feature1
分支:
$ git branch -d feature1Deleted branch feature1 (was 75a857c).
工作完成。
小结
当Git无法自动合并分支时,就必须首先解决冲突。解决冲突后,再提交,合并完成。
用git log --graph
命令可以看到分支合并图。
转载自:
http://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0013739516305929606dd18361248578c67b8067c8c017b000/001375840202368c74be33fbd884e71b570f2cc3c0d1dcf000