MariaDB安装

  1. 将下载的源码包放到这个目录下:
[root@gary-tao ~]# cd /usr/local/src

2.下载源码包:

[root@gary-tao ~]# wget https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb-10.2.6/bintar-linux-glibc_214-x86_64/mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz  //这个是国外服务器,下载要四五十分钟,最后是下载后直接放到指定目录上。

3.将压缩包解压:

[root@gary-tao ~]# tar zxvf mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz

4.把目录移动到/usr/local/下并改名为mariadb:

[root@gary-tao src]# mv mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64 /usr/local/mariadb

5.进入目录查看:

[root@gary-tao src]# cd /usr/local/mariadb

6.初始化指定用户mysql和路径:

[root@gary-tao mariadb]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mariadb/ --datadir=/data/mariadb
[root@gary-tao mariadb]# ls /data/mariadb
aria_log.00000001  aria_log_control  ib_buffer_pool  ibdata1  ib_logfile0  ib_logfile1  mysql  performance_schema  test

7.复制配置文件:

[root@gary-tao mariadb]# cp support-files/my-small.cnf /usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf  //为了与mysql区分,重新换一个文件路径

8.编辑配置文件:

vi /usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf //定义basedir和datadir

如果没有修改/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf配置文件,没有在mysqld中加一行 datadir=/data/mariadb,那么它就会调用/etc/my.cnf中的datadir,就会出现如图下的情况。

那如果修改了/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf配置文件,在mysqld中加一行 datadir=/data/mariadb,如下:

然后重新启动mariadb服务,查看服务后如下:

9.复制启动脚本:

[root@gary-tao mariadb]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mariadb

10.编辑启动脚本:

命令:vim /etc/init.d/mariadb //定义basedir、datadir、conf以及启动参数

basedir=/usr/local/mariadb datadir=/data/mariadb conf=$basedir/my.cnf

示例如下

[root@gary-tao mariadb]# vim /usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf //配置脚本一般情况下不用更改。
[root@gary-tao mariadb]# vim /etc/init.d/mariadb  //按下图配置修改启动脚本,修改完成保存退出。

备注:此启动脚本由于mariadb与mysql装在一台机器上,为了区分开来,需要定义conf与变量,如果只装mariadb的话就不需要定义。

11.启动MariaDB,启动之前看看有没有mysqld的服务在启动,如果有它们是会冲突的,因为它们的监听端口是一样的:

[root@gary-tao mariadb]# ps aux |grep mysql  //先查看mysql的服务有没启动
root        818  0.0  0.0 115376   504 ?        S    15:56   0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/gary-tao.pid
mysql      1189  0.0 45.1 1038844 451316 ?      Sl   15:56   0:03 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/gary-tao.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/gary-tao.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
root       4853  0.0  0.0 112664   972 pts/0    R+   17:36   0:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@gary-tao mariadb]#  service mysqld stop   //关闭mysql服务
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
[root@gary-tao mariadb]# service mariadb start //etc/init.d/mariadb start  //两种启动服务方式
Starting mariadb (via systemctl):                          [  确定  ]
[root@gary-tao mariadb]# ps aux |grep mariadb  //服务启动成功
root       5198  0.0  0.1 115380  1732 ?        S    17:42   0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/gary-tao.pid
mysql      5314 10.8  5.4 1125120 54544 ?       Sl   17:42   0:00 /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mariadb --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mariadb/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/gary-tao.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/gary-tao.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root       5353  0.0  0.0 112664   972 pts/0    S+   17:42   0:00 grep --color=auto mariadb
[root@gary-tao mariadb]# netstat -ltnp  //查看服务监听端口
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      800/sshd            
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1230/master         
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      5314/mysqld         
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      800/sshd            
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      1230/master    

Apache安装

Apache是一个基金会的名字,httpd才是我们要安装的软件包,早期它的名字就叫apache

  1. Apache官网地址 www.apache.org

2.wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.29.tar.gz wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/apr/apr-1.6.3.tar.gz wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz

apr和apr-util是一个通用的函数库,它让httpd可以不关心底层的操作系统平台,可以很方便地移植(从linux移植到windows)

3.下载安装包到指定目录:

示例如下:

[root@gary-tao ~]# cd /usr/local/src

4.将压缩包解压:

示例如下:

[root@gary-tao src]# tar zxvf httpd-2.4.29.tar.gz 
[root@gary-tao src]# tar zxvf apr-1.6.3.tar.gz 
[root@gary-tao src]# tar zxvf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz

5.首先安装apr,进入apr目录,然后安装apr:

示例如下:

[root@gary-tao src]# cd /usr/local/src/apr-1.6.3
[root@gary-tao apr-1.6.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
[root@gary-tao apr-1.6.3]# echo $?
0
[root@gary-tao apr-1.6.3]# make && make install
[root@gary-tao apr-1.6.3]# ls /usr/local/apr/
bin  build-1  include  lib

安装时报错问题解决:

示例如下:

[root@gary-tao apr-1.6.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Configuring APR library
Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
APR Version: 1.6.3
checking for chosen layout... apr
checking for gcc... no
checking for cc... no
checking for cl.exe... no
configure: error: in `/usr/local/src/apr-1.6.3':
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log' for more details
[root@gary-tao src]# yum install -y gcc  //装gcc编译

6.进入apr-util目录,安装apr-util,apr-util要指定apr,因为它依赖apr:

示例如下:

[root@gary-tao apr-1.6.3]# cd ../apr-util-1.6.1/
[root@gary-tao apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
[root@gary-tao apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install
[root@gary-tao apr-util-1.6.1]# ls /usr/local/apr-util/
bin  include  lib

在编译安装的时候可能会遇到图下的情况,缺少expat的开发库,所以需要安装包:yum install expat-devel,安装完成之后再编译安装make && make install:

7.进入http目录,安装httpd方法:

示例如下:

[root@gary-tao src]# cd httpd-2.4.29
[root@gary-tao httpd-2.4.29]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2.4 --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-so --enable-mods-shared=most 
[root@gary-tao httpd-2.4.29]# echo $?
0

安装时报错:

  • 如果没有安装pcre这个包,就会出现下图的错误,我们可以使用 yum list |grep 关键字,查找关联的安装包。这里需要安装包:yum install -y pcre-devel.x86_64

  • make编译的时候可能会出现下图的情况,把httpd,apr-util的源码包删除掉,然后在重新解压源码包,再重新把apr-util,httpd编译安装一遍

8.进入apache2.4目录下的查看文件:

[root@gary-tao httpd-2.4.29]# cd /usr/local/apache2.4/
[root@gary-tao apache2.4]# ls
bin  build  cgi-bin  conf  error  htdocs  icons  include  logs  man  manual  modules

针对目录文件说明:

  • bin:bin下的文件是可执行的二进制文件或命令,是核心的二进制文件,如httpd;
  • conf:配置文件所在的目录;
  • htdocs:存放了一个访问网页,默认的网站会放到这个目录下;
  • logs:日志相关的目录,错误日志,访问日志等;
  • man:帮助文档;
  • modules:扩展模块,模块都放在这个目录下,每一个模块都代表一个功能;

9.查看加载的模块:

命令:

  • /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/httpd -M
  • /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -M //shell文件,去调用了二进制httpd文件,-M就是把模块例出来。
[root@gary-tao apache2.4]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/httpd -M  //下面AHOO558不是一个错误,只是一个警告,可以在配置文件中定义ServerName使其消失。
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 218.93.250.18. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
Loaded Modules:
 core_module (static)
 so_module (static)
 http_module (static)
 mpm_event_module (static)
 authn_file_module (shared)
 authn_core_module (shared)
 authz_host_module (shared)
 authz_groupfile_module (shared)
 authz_user_module (shared)
 authz_core_module (shared)
 access_compat_module (shared)
 auth_basic_module (shared)
 reqtimeout_module (shared)
 filter_module (shared)
 mime_module (shared)
 log_config_module (shared)
 env_module (shared)
 headers_module (shared)
 setenvif_module (shared)
 version_module (shared)
 unixd_module (shared)
 status_module (shared)
 autoindex_module (shared)
 dir_module (shared)
 alias_module (shared)

说明:

  • static:静态,是直接把模块编译进了二进制文件httpd里。有static说明是httpd里的,静态模块是直接跟主程序(/usr/local/apache2.4/bin/httpd)绑定在一起,它们是一个整体。httpd是核心文件。

  • shared:说明是扩展的模块,这个模块是一个文件(文件是在modules目录下面的.so文件);

10.启动httpd(Apache监听端口是80端口):

[root@gary-tao apache2.4]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl start  //执行启动命令
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 218.93.250.18. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[root@gary-tao apache2.4]# ps aux |grep httpd 
root      46077  0.0  0.2  95536  2604 ?        Ss   21:24   0:00 /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/httpd -k start
daemon    46078  0.0  0.4 382364  4452 ?        Sl   21:24   0:00 /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/httpd -k start
daemon    46079  0.0  0.4 382364  4452 ?        Sl   21:24   0:00 /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/httpd -k start
daemon    46080  0.0  0.4 382364  4452 ?        Sl   21:24   0:00 /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/httpd -k start
root      46165  0.0  0.0 112680   972 pts/0    R+   21:24   0:00 grep --color=auto httpd
[root@gary-tao apache2.4]# netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      800/sshd            
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1230/master         
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      6043/mysqld         
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      46077/httpd         
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      800/sshd            
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      1230/master