本文主要介绍puppet的三种认证方式：自动注册、手动注册和预签名注册；master和agent的认证关系，是随着认证的复杂程度提升，安全性也会随之提高，下面就是每一种方式的示例解读。
一 手动注册
手动注册是由Agent端先发起证书申请请求，然后由Puppetserver端确认证书方可注册成功，这种注册方式安全系数中等，逐一注册（puppet cert --sign certnmame）在节点数量较大的情况下是比较麻烦的，效率也低，批量注册(puppet cert --sign --all)效率很高，一次性便可注册所有的Agent的请求，但是这种方式安全系数较低，因为错误的请求也会被注册上。
1、节点申请认证
[root@agent1 ~]# puppet agent --test
info: Creating a new SSL key for agent1_cert.puppet.com
info: Caching certificate for ca
info: Creating a new SSL certificate request for agent1_cert.puppet.com
info: Certificate Request fingerprint (md5): 69:D2:86:25:7F:00:RT:55:61:P9:02:34:9E:9B:AF:F9
Exiting; no certificate found and waitforcert is disabled
2、服务器端确定认证
[root@master ~]# puppet cert --list --all #查看认证情况
"agent1_cert.puppet.com" (69:D2:86:E4:7F:00:E0:55:61:19:02:34:9E:9B:AF:F9) #未认证
+ "master.puppet.com" (C0:E3:6B:76:36:EC:92:93:4D:BF:F0:8F:77:00:91:C8)
[root@master ~]# puppet cert --sign agent1_cert.puppet.com #注册agent1
notice: Signed certificate request for agent1_cert.puppet.com #将请求的证书正式注册
notice: Removing file Puppet::SSL::CertificateRequest agent1_cert.puppet.com at '/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/requests/agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem' #删除请求
[root@master ~]# puppet cert --list --all #再次查看认证情况
+ "agent1_cert.puppet.com" (3E:46:4E:75:34:9A:5A:62:A6:3C:AE:BD:49:EE:C0:F5)
+ "master.puppet.com" (C0:E3:6B:76:36:EC:92:93:4D:BF:F0:8F:77:00:91:C8)
[root@master ~]# tree /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ #另外一种查看认证的方式
/var/lib/puppet/ssl/
├── ca
│ ├── ca_crl.pem
│ ├── ca_crt.pem
│ ├── ca_key.pem
│ ├── ca_pub.pem
│ ├── inventory.txt
│ ├── private
│ │ └── ca.pass
│ ├── requests
│ ├── serial
│ └── signed
│ ├── agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem #已经注册成功
│ └── master.puppet.com.pem
├── certificate_requests
├── certs
│ ├── ca.pem
│ └── master.puppet.com.pem
├── crl.pem
├── private
├── private_keys
│ └── master.puppet.com.pem
└── public_keys
└── master.puppet.com.pem
3、test模块测试
[root@agent1 ~]# puppet agent --test #测试节点agent1
info: Caching catalog for agent1_cert.puppet.com
info: Applying configuration version '1385309582'
notice: /Stage[main]/test/File[/etc/test]/content:
--- /etc/test 2016-12-13 07:18:52.000000000 +0800
+++ /tmp/puppet-file20161213-4571-1vqc18j-0 2016-12-13 02:51:47.000000000 +0800
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+-- --
+--------puppet test---------
+-- --
info: FileBucket adding {md5}d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
info: /Stage[main]/test/File[/etc/test]: Filebucketed /etc/test to puppet with sum d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
notice: /Stage[main]/test/File[/etc/test]/content: content changed '{md5}d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e' to '{md5}87ea3a1af8650395038472457cc7f2b1'
notice: Finished catalog run in 0.40 seconds
二 自动注册
这种注册方式简单来讲是通过master端的ACL列表进行控制的，安全系统较低，也就是说符合预先定义的ACL列表中的所有节点请求不需要确认都会被自动注册上，也就是说你只需要知道ACL列表要求，其次能和Master端通信便可轻易注册成功。当然，它的最大优点就是效率非常高。
1、清除Master端已经注册的agent1的证书
[root@master ~]# puppet cert --clean agent1_cert.puppet.com
notice: Revoked certificate with serial 3
notice: Removing file Puppet::SSL::Certificate agent1_cert.puppet.com at '/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/signed/agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem'
notice: Removing file Puppet::SSL::Certificate agent1_cert.puppet.com at '/var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem'
[root@master ~]# puppet cert --list --all #agent1证书已经删除
+ "agent2_cert.puppet.com"
+ "agent3_cert.puppet.com"
+ "master.puppet.com"
+ "master_cert.puppet.com" )
2、在agent1端删除注册过的证书
[root@agent1 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/puppet/ssl/*
3、在master端编写ACL列表
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/puppet/autosign.conf
*.puppet.com
[root@master ~]# /etc/init.d/master restart
Stopping master: [ OK ]
Starting master: [ OK ]
[root@master ~]# puppet cert --list --all
4、自动注册
[root@agent1 ~]# puppet agent --test #申请证书
info: Creating a new SSL key for agent1_cert.puppet.com
info: Caching certificate for ca
info: Creating a new SSL certificate request for agent1_cert.puppet.com
info: Certificate Request fingerprint (md5): ED:C9:C7:DF:F1:0E:53:1C:D3:73:5D:B7:D3:94:1F:60
info: Caching certificate for agent1_cert.puppet.com
info: Caching certificate_revocation_list for ca
info: Caching catalog for agent1_cert.puppet.com
info: Applying configuration version '1394359075'
notice: Finished catalog run in 1.39 seconds
[root@agent1 ~]# cat /etc/test
-- --
--------puppet test---------
-- --
5、服务器端查看
[root@master ~]# puppet cert --list --all #查看agent已经自动注册成功
+ "agent1_cert.puppet.com"
+ "agent2_cert.puppet.com"
+ "agent3_cert.puppet.com"
+ "master.puppet.com"
+ "master_cert.puppet.com"
三 预签名认证
预签名注册是在agent端未提出申请的情况下，预先在master端生成agent端的证书，然后复制到节点对应的目录下即可注册成功，这种方式安全系数最高，但是操作麻烦，需要提前预知所有节点服务器的certname名称，其次需要将生成的证书逐步copy到所有节点上去。不过，如果你的系统中安装了kickstart或者cobbler这样的自动化工具，倒是可以将证书部分转换成脚本集成到统一自动化部署中 注：生产环境中建议此方式进行注册，既安全又可靠！
1、清除master端已经注册的agent1的证书
[root@master ~]# puppet cert --clean agent1_cert.puppet.com
notice: Revoked certificate with serial 3
notice: Removing file Puppet::SSL::Certificate agent1_cert.puppet.com at '/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/signed/agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem'
notice: Removing file Puppet::SSL::Certificate agent1_cert.puppet.com at '/var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem'
2、在agent1端删除注册的所有信息，包括证书
[root@agent1 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/puppet/*
3、删除自动注册ACL列表
[root@master ~]# mv /etc/puppet/autosign.conf{,.bak}
4、puppetserver端预先生成agent1证书
[root@master ~]# puppetca --generate agent1_cert.puppet.com
notice: agent1_cert.puppet.com has a waiting certificate request
notice: Signed certificate request for agent1_cert.puppet.com
notice: Removing file Puppet::SSL::CertificateRequest agent1_cert.puppet.com at '/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/requests/agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem'
notice: Removing file Puppet::SSL::CertificateRequest agent1_cert.puppet.com at '/var/lib/puppet/ssl/certificate_requests/agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem'
5、节点生成目录结构
[root@agent1 ~]# puppet agent --test --server=abc.com #随便指定server端，生成目录结构
info: Creating a new SSL key for agent1_cert.puppet.com
err: Could not request certificate: getaddrinfo: Temporary failure in name resolution
Exiting; failed to retrieve certificate and waitforcert is disabled
[root@agent1 ~]# tree /var/lib/puppet/ssl/
/var/lib/puppet/ssl/
|-- certificate_requests
|-- certs
|-- private
|-- private_keys
| `-- agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem
`-- public_keys
`-- agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem
6、master端copy证书到agent1上
[root@master ~]# scp /var/lib/puppet/ssl/private_keys/agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem agent1.puppet.com:/var/lib/puppet/ssl/private_keys/
agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem 100% 3243 3.2KB/s 00:00
[root@master ~]# scp /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem agent1.puppet.com:/var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/
agent1_cert.puppet.com.pem 100% 1944 1.9KB/s 00:00
[root@master ~]# scp /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/ca.pem agent1.puppet.com:/var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/
ca.pem 100% 1915 1.9KB/s 00:00
7、agent1测试
[root@agent1 ~]# >/etc/test
[root@agent1 ~]# puppet agent --test
info: Caching certificate_revocation_list for ca
info: Caching catalog for agent1_cert.puppet.com
info: Applying configuration version '1394359075'
notice: /Stage[main]/test/File[/etc/test]/content:
--- /etc/test 2016-12-13 18:10:10.000000000 +0800
+++ /tmp/puppet-file20161213-4071-1gypudk-0 2016-12-13 18:10:17.000000000 +0800
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+-- --
+--------puppet test---------
+-- --
info: FileBucket adding {md5}d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
info: /Stage[main]/test/File[/etc/test]: Filebucketed /etc/test to puppet with sum d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
notice: /Stage[main]/test/File[/etc/test]/content: content changed '{md5}d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e' to '{md5}87ea3a1af8650395038472457cc7f2b1'
info: Creating state file /var/lib/puppet/state/state.yaml
notice: Finished catalog run in 0.41 seconds
[root@agent1 ~]# cat /etc/test
-- --
--------puppet test---------
-- --
四 常见错误情况及解决办法
1. 连接master的时候出现如下报错：
dnsdomainname: Unknown host
解决办法：检查机器主机名的设置，以及是否添加进hosts。
2. 连接master的时候出现如下报错：
err: Could not request certificate: getaddrinfo: Name or service not known
解决办法：服务器端没有配置hosts域名绑定，在hosts中添加。
3. 连接master的时候出现如下报错：
warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session
解决办法：服务端还没有返回签发证书，使用puppet cert --list查看
4. 连接master的时候出现如下报错：
err: Could not retrieve catalog from remote server: certificate verify failed
解决办法：客户端和服务器端时间不同步，用ntpdate命令同步时间
5. Error: Could not retrieve catalog from remote server: Error 400 on SERVER: Could not parse for environment production: Syntax error at ';'; expected '}' at /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp:3 on node server-02
解决办法：修改site.pp ，脚本中出现语法错误
6. Error: /File[/var/lib/puppet/lib]: Could not evaluate: Could not retrieve information from environment production source(s) puppet://server-01/plugins
解决办法：分别在客户端和服务器修改puppet.conf文件，添加“pluginsync=false"，并分别重启服务
7. 执行 puppet agent --test --server=server-01 提示：
Notice: Run of Puppet configuration client already in progress; skipping (/var/lib/puppet/state/agent_catalog_run.lock exists)
解决办法：出现此提示为 配置文件不正确，或者服务器端的.pp 文件的语法错误，请去修改.pp 文件
8. Error: Could not request certificate: SSL_connect returned=1 errno=0 state=SSLv3 read server certificate B: certificate verify failed: [self signed certificate in certificate chain for /CN=Puppet CA: server-01]
解决办法：删除客户端证书、删除puppetmaster上的客户端证书、客户端重新生成证书请求、puppetmaster重新签名
1）、rm /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ 证书
2）、puppet cert clean 客户端主机名
3）、puppet agent --test --server puppetmaster
4）、puppet cert --sign 客户端主机名
9. certificate verify failed: [CRL is not yet valid for /CN=server.minunix.com]
解决方法：master和agent 把时间同步下就OK 了
ntpdate -u 210.72.145.44
10. Error: Host server01 failed: Error 403 on SERVER: Forbidden request: server01(172.16.8.250) access to /run/server01 [save] authenticated at :119
在puppet 服务端尝试推送数据来更新客户端的时候提示这样的问题；
解决办法：
# vim /etc/puppet/auth.conf
path /
auth any
allow *
