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一、前言
我们已经成功实现了一个完整的热搜组件,从后端到前端,构建了这个小网站的核心功能。接下来,我们将不断完善其功能,使其更加美观和实用。今天的主题是如何定时获取热搜数据。如果热搜数据无法定时更新,小网站将失去其核心价值。之前,我采用了@Scheduled
注解来实现定时任务,但这种方式灵活性不足,因此我决定用更灵活的XXL-Job组件来替代它。
二、xxl-job部署
xxl-job是一个轻量级分布式任务调度平台,其核心设计目标是开发迅速、学习简单、轻量级、易扩展。目前github代码库star 27.3k
,开源免费的,值得学习使用一下。
1. 代码库下载
下载下来后,代码库结构如下: 源码结构如下:
xxl-job-admin:调度中心
xxl-job-core:公共依赖
xxl-job-executor-samples:执行器Sample示例(选择合适的版本执行器,可直接使用,也可以参考其并将现有项目改造成执行器)
:xxl-job-executor-sample-springboot:Springboot版本,通过Springboot管理执行器,推荐这种方式;
:xxl-job-executor-sample-frameless:无框架版本;
调度中心配置内容说明:
### 调度中心JDBC链接:链接地址请保持和 2.1章节 所创建的调度数据库的地址一致
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/xxl_job?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
spring.datasource.username=xxx
spring.datasource.password=xxx
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
### 报警邮箱
spring.mail.host=smtp.qq.com
spring.mail.port=25
spring.mail.username=xxx@qq.com
spring.mail.password=xxx
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.auth=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.required=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.socketFactory.class=javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory
### 调度中心通讯TOKEN [选填]:非空时启用;
xxl.job.accessToken=
### 调度中心国际化配置 [必填]: 默认为 "zh_CN"/中文简体, 可选范围为 "zh_CN"/中文简体, "zh_TC"/中文繁体 and "en"/英文;
xxl.job.i18n=zh_CN
## 调度线程池最大线程配置【必填】
xxl.job.triggerpool.fast.max=200
xxl.job.triggerpool.slow.max=100
### 调度中心日志表数据保存天数 [必填]:过期日志自动清理;限制大于等于7时生效,否则, 如-1,关闭自动清理功能;
xxl.job.logretentiondays=30
2. 表结构初始化
在doc目录的 db目录下,有一个sql文件,里面有一些表和数据的初始化sql,我们要在执行XXL-Job之前要把表和数据准备好。
执行结束后,表如下:
3. 启动XXL-Job
找到XxlJobAdminApplication
,启动该应用,在浏览器输入:http://localhost:12000/xxl-job-admin/toLogin,会进入XXL-Job登录界面,如下:
输入用户名:admin
;密码:123456
点击登录进入主界面,如下:
三、自定义爬虫任务
XXL-Job的使用也很简单,一个注解就好了,这里我说一下如何使用它。
1. 引入XXL-Job依赖
在summo-sbmy-job
的pom.xml下添加:
<!-- xxl-job -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.xuxueli</groupId>
<artifactId>xxl-job-core</artifactId>
<version>2.4.1</version>
</dependency>
2. XXL-Job配置
在application.preoperties文件中加入XXL-Job的配置,配置如下:
# xxl-job
xxl.job.open=true
### xxl-job admin address list, such as "http://address" or "http://address01,http://address02"
xxl.job.admin.addresses=http://127.0.0.1:12000/xxl-job-admin
### xxl-job, access token
xxl.job.accessToken=default_token
### xxl-job executor appname
xxl.job.executor.appname=summo-sbmy
### xxl-job executor log-path
xxl.job.executor.logpath=/root/logs/xxl-job/jobhandler
### xxl-job executor log-retention-days
xxl.job.executor.logretentiondays=30
### xxl-job executor registry-address: default use address to registry , otherwise use ip:port if address is null
xxl.job.executor.address=
### xxl-job executor server-info
xxl.job.executor.ip=
xxl.job.executor.port=9999
配置弄好之后,在com.summo.sbmy.job.config目录下创建一个config文件,创建XxlJobConfig.java,代码如下:
package com.summo.sbmy.job.config;
import com.xxl.job.core.executor.impl.XxlJobSpringExecutor;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnProperty;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* xxl-job config
*
* @author xuxueli 2017-04-28
*/
@Configuration
public class XxlJobConfig {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(XxlJobConfig.class);
@Value("${xxl.job.admin.addresses}")
private String adminAddresses;
@Value("${xxl.job.accessToken}")
private String accessToken;
@Value("${xxl.job.executor.appname}")
private String appname;
@Value("${xxl.job.executor.address}")
private String address;
@Value("${xxl.job.executor.ip}")
private String ip;
@Value("${xxl.job.executor.port}")
private int port;
@Value("${xxl.job.executor.logpath}")
private String logPath;
@Value("${xxl.job.executor.logretentiondays}")
private int logRetentionDays;
@Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "xxl.job.open", havingValue = "true")
public XxlJobSpringExecutor xxlJobExecutor() {
logger.info(">>>>>>>>>>> xxl-job config init.");
XxlJobSpringExecutor xxlJobSpringExecutor = new XxlJobSpringExecutor();
xxlJobSpringExecutor.setAdminAddresses(adminAddresses);
xxlJobSpringExecutor.setAppname(appname);
xxlJobSpringExecutor.setAddress(address);
xxlJobSpringExecutor.setIp(ip);
xxlJobSpringExecutor.setPort(port);
xxlJobSpringExecutor.setAccessToken(accessToken);
xxlJobSpringExecutor.setLogPath(logPath);
xxlJobSpringExecutor.setLogRetentionDays(logRetentionDays);
return xxlJobSpringExecutor;
}
}
配置和类都弄好之后,重新启动应用,如果顺利的话,在XXL-Job管理的执行器界面上就可以看到一个执行器已经注册了,如下:
4. 注册XXL-Job任务
以抖音热搜为例,我们最开始使用的是 @Scheduled
注解,代码如下:
/**
* 定时触发爬虫方法,1个小时执行一次
*/
@Scheduled(fixedRate = 1000 * 60 * 60)
public void hotSearch() throws IOException{
... ...
}
将@Scheduled
注解替换为@XxlJob("douyinHotSearchJob")
,具体的代码如下:
package com.summo.sbmy.job.douyin;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import com.summo.sbmy.dao.entity.SbmyHotSearchDO;
import com.summo.sbmy.service.SbmyHotSearchService;
import com.summo.sbmy.service.convert.HotSearchConvert;
import com.xxl.job.core.biz.model.ReturnT;
import com.xxl.job.core.handler.annotation.XxlJob;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.Response;
import org.apache.commons.collections4.CollectionUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import static com.summo.sbmy.common.cache.SbmyHotSearchCache.CACHE_MAP;
import static com.summo.sbmy.common.enums.HotSearchEnum.DOUYIN;
/**
* @author summo
* @version DouyinHotSearchJob.java, 1.0.0
* @description 抖音热搜Java爬虫代码
* @date 2024年08月09
*/
@Component
@Slf4j
public class DouyinHotSearchJob {
@Autowired
private SbmyHotSearchService sbmyHotSearchService;
@XxlJob("douyinHotSearchJob")
public ReturnT<String> hotSearch(String param) throws IOException {
log.info("抖音热搜爬虫任务开始");
try {
//查询抖音热搜数据
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient().newBuilder().build();
Request request = new Request.Builder().url("https://www.iesdouyin.com/web/api/v2/hotsearch/billboard/word/").method("GET", null).build();
Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(response.body().string());
JSONArray array = jsonObject.getJSONArray("word_list");
List<SbmyHotSearchDO> sbmyHotSearchDOList = Lists.newArrayList();
for (int i = 0, len = array.size(); i < len; i++) {
//获取知乎热搜信息
JSONObject object = (JSONObject) array.get(i);
//构建热搜信息榜
SbmyHotSearchDO sbmyHotSearchDO = SbmyHotSearchDO.builder().hotSearchResource(DOUYIN.getCode()).build();
//设置文章标题
sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchTitle(object.getString("word"));
//设置知乎三方ID
sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchId(getHashId(DOUYIN.getCode() + sbmyHotSearchDO.getHotSearchTitle()));
//设置文章连接
sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchUrl("https://www.douyin.com/search/" + sbmyHotSearchDO.getHotSearchTitle() + "?type=general");
//设置热搜热度
sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchHeat(object.getString("hot_value"));
//按顺序排名
sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchOrder(i + 1);
sbmyHotSearchDOList.add(sbmyHotSearchDO);
}
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(sbmyHotSearchDOList)) {
return ReturnT.SUCCESS;
}
//数据加到缓存中
CACHE_MAP.put(DOUYIN.getCode(), sbmyHotSearchDOList.stream().map(HotSearchConvert::toDTOWhenQuery).collect(Collectors.toList()));
//数据持久化
sbmyHotSearchService.saveCache2DB(sbmyHotSearchDOList);
log.info("抖音热搜爬虫任务结束");
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("获取抖音数据异常", e);
}
return ReturnT.SUCCESS;
}
/**
* 根据文章标题获取一个唯一ID
*
* @param title 文章标题
* @return 唯一ID
*/
private String getHashId(String title) {
long seed = title.hashCode();
Random rnd = new Random(seed);
return new UUID(rnd.nextLong(), rnd.nextLong()).toString();
}
}
在XXL-Job管理台的任务管理界面中点击新增任务,如下:
创建好任务后,我们可以手动运行一次,如下:
这样抖音的热搜任务我们就配置好了,其他的爬虫任务也是这样的配置。
四、热搜更新时间
目前我们已经实现了三个热搜组件,百度、抖音、知乎,但是我们并不知道这些热搜是什么时候更新的,也不知道是不是实时的,所以我们需要把热搜更新时间放出来,大概下面这样子:
优化后组件代码如下:
<template>
<el-card class="custom-card" v-loading="loading">
<template #header>
<div class="card-title">
<img :src="icon" class="card-title-icon" />
{{ title }}热榜
<span class="update-time">{{ formattedUpdateTime }}</span>
</div>
</template>
<div class="cell-group-scrollable">
<div
v-for="item in hotSearchData"
:key="item.hotSearchOrder"
:class="getRankingClass(item.hotSearchOrder)"
class="cell-wrapper"
>
<span class="cell-order">{{ item.hotSearchOrder }}</span>
<span
class="cell-title hover-effect"
@click="openLink(item.hotSearchUrl)"
>
{{ item.hotSearchTitle }}
</span>
<span class="cell-heat">{{ formatHeat(item.hotSearchHeat) }}</span>
</div>
</div>
</el-card>
</template>
<script>
import apiService from "@/config/apiService.js";
export default {
props: {
title: String,
icon: String,
type: String,
},
data() {
return {
hotSearchData: [],
updateTime: null,
loading: false,
};
},
created() {
this.fetchData(this.type);
},
computed: {
formattedUpdateTime() {
if (!this.updateTime) return '';
const updateDate = new Date(this.updateTime);
const now = new Date();
const timeDiff = now - updateDate;
const minutesDiff = Math.floor(timeDiff / 1000 / 60);
if (minutesDiff < 1) {
return '刚刚更新';
} else if (minutesDiff < 60) {
return `${minutesDiff}分钟前更新`;
} else if (minutesDiff < 1440) {
return `${Math.floor(minutesDiff / 60)}小时前更新`;
} else {
return updateDate.toLocaleString();
}
},
},
methods: {
fetchData(type) {
this.loading = true;
apiService
.get("/hotSearch/queryByType?type=" + type)
.then((res) => {
this.hotSearchData = res.data.data.hotSearchDTOList;
this.updateTime = res.data.data.updateTime;
})
.catch((error) => {
console.error(error);
})
.finally(() => {
this.loading = false;
});
},
getRankingClass(order) {
if (order === 1) return "top-ranking-1";
if (order === 2) return "top-ranking-2";
if (order === 3) return "top-ranking-3";
return "";
},
formatHeat(heat) {
if (typeof heat === "string" && heat.endsWith("万")) {
return heat;
}
let number = parseFloat(heat);
if (isNaN(number)) {
return heat;
}
if (number < 1000) {
return number.toString();
}
if (number >= 1000 && number < 10000) {
return (number / 1000).toFixed(1) + "k";
}
if (number >= 10000) {
return (number / 10000).toFixed(1) + "万";
}
},
openLink(url) {
if (url) {
window.open(url, "_blank");
}
},
},
};
</script>
<style scoped>
.custom-card {
background-color: #ffffff;
border-radius: 10px;
box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.custom-card:hover {
box-shadow: 0 6px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
}
.el-card__header {
padding: 10px 18px;
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between; /* Added to space out title and update time */
align-items: center;
}
.card-title {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 16px;
flex-grow: 1;
}
.card-title-icon {
fill: currentColor;
width: 24px;
height: 24px;
margin-right: 8px;
}
.update-time {
font-size: 12px;
color: #b7b3b3;
margin-left: auto; /* Ensures it is pushed to the far right */
}
.cell-group-scrollable {
max-height: 350px;
overflow-y: auto;
padding-right: 16px;
flex: 1;
}
.cell-wrapper {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
padding: 8px 8px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #e8e8e8;
}
.cell-order {
width: 20px;
text-align: left;
font-size: 16px;
font-weight: 700;
margin-right: 8px;
color: #7a7a7a;
}
.cell-heat {
min-width: 50px;
text-align: right;
font-size: 12px;
color: #7a7a7a;
}
.cell-title {
font-size: 13px;
color: #495060;
line-height: 22px;
flex-grow: 1;
overflow: hidden;
text-align: left;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
.top-ranking-1 .cell-order {
color: #fadb14; /* 金色 */
}
.top-ranking-2 .cell-order {
color: #a9a9a9; /* 银色 */
}
.top-ranking-3 .cell-order {
color: #d48806; /* 铜色 */
}
.cell-title.hover-effect {
cursor: pointer;
transition: color 0.3s ease;
}
.cell-title.hover-effect:hover {
color: #409eff;
}
</style>
优化后,我们看一下最终的样式,如下:
这样,我们使用XXL-Job改造热搜组件就完成了,详细代码可以去看我的代码仓库。
番外:B站热搜爬虫
1. 爬虫方案评估
B站不是热搜,是热门视频, 但逻辑是一样的,它的接口是:https://api.bilibili.com/x/web-interface/ranking/v2
这个接口返回的是JSON格式数据,这就很简单了,看下结构就行。
2. 网页解析代码
这个就可以使用Postman生成调用代码,流程我就不赘述了,直接上代码,BilibiliHotSearchJob:
package com.summo.sbmy.job.bilibili;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import com.summo.sbmy.common.model.dto.HotSearchDetailDTO;
import com.summo.sbmy.dao.entity.SbmyHotSearchDO;
import com.summo.sbmy.service.SbmyHotSearchService;
import com.summo.sbmy.service.convert.HotSearchConvert;
import com.xxl.job.core.biz.model.ReturnT;
import com.xxl.job.core.handler.annotation.XxlJob;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.Response;
import org.apache.commons.collections4.CollectionUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import static com.summo.sbmy.common.cache.SbmyHotSearchCache.CACHE_MAP;
import static com.summo.sbmy.common.enums.HotSearchEnum.BILIBILI;
/**
* @author summo
* @version BilibiliHotSearchJob.java, 1.0.0
* @description B站热榜Java爬虫代码
* @date 2024年08月19
*/
@Component
@Slf4j
public class BilibiliHotSearchJob {
@Autowired
private SbmyHotSearchService sbmyHotSearchService;
@XxlJob("bilibiliHotSearchJob")
public ReturnT<String> hotSearch(String param) throws IOException {
log.info("B站热搜爬虫任务开始");
try {
//查询B站热搜数据
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient().newBuilder().build();
Request request = new Request.Builder().url("https://api.bilibili.com/x/web-interface/ranking/v2")
.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible)").addHeader("Cookie", "b_nut=1712137652; "
+ "buvid3=DBA9C433-8738-DD67-DCF5" + "-DDC780CA892052512infoc").method("GET", null).build();
Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(response.body().string());
JSONArray array = jsonObject.getJSONObject("data").getJSONArray("list");
List<SbmyHotSearchDO> sbmyHotSearchDOList = Lists.newArrayList();
for (int i = 0, len = array.size(); i < len; i++) {
//获取B站热搜信息
JSONObject object = (JSONObject)array.get(i);
//构建热搜信息榜
SbmyHotSearchDO sbmyHotSearchDO = SbmyHotSearchDO.builder().hotSearchResource(BILIBILI.getCode())
.build();
//设置B站三方ID
sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchId(object.getString("aid"));
//设置文章连接
sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchUrl(object.getString("short_link_v2"));
//设置文章标题
sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchTitle(object.getString("title"));
//设置作者名称
sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchAuthor(object.getJSONObject("owner").getString("name"));
//设置作者头像
sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchAuthorAvatar(object.getJSONObject("owner").getString("face"));
//设置文章封面
sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchCover(object.getString("pic"));
//设置热搜热度
sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchHeat(object.getJSONObject("stat").getString("view"));
//按顺序排名
sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchOrder(i + 1);
sbmyHotSearchDOList.add(sbmyHotSearchDO);
}
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(sbmyHotSearchDOList)) {
return ReturnT.SUCCESS;
}
//数据加到缓存中
CACHE_MAP.put(BILIBILI.getCode(), HotSearchDetailDTO.builder()
//热搜数据
.hotSearchDTOList(
sbmyHotSearchDOList.stream().map(HotSearchConvert::toDTOWhenQuery).collect(Collectors.toList()))
//更新时间
.updateTime(Calendar.getInstance().getTime()).build());
//数据持久化
sbmyHotSearchService.saveCache2DB(sbmyHotSearchDOList);
log.info("B站热搜爬虫任务结束");
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("获取B站数据异常", e);
}
return ReturnT.SUCCESS;
}
}
看下效果,第一行的4个热搜已经出来了,如下: