ubuntu server部署mysql集群

 
简介
[说明本次部署的内容，目的等等]
本部署文档的目的是如何在ubuntu server上进行mysql的群集部署。
前期准备
在进行本文档操作前，需要完成如下前期步骤：
1.         安装3台ubuntu server服务器；
Server1: ndbd 192.168.68.5
Server2: ndbd 192.168.68.6
Server3: mysqld –ndb-cluster 192.168.68.8
ndbd（192.168.68.5\192.168.68.6）： 数据库节点，存放数据。
mysqld –ndb-cluster(192.168.68.8)： MySQL服务器节点，管理节点，管理群集。
注：
本实验在ubuntu server （8.04）实现
管理节点:server3(192.168.68.8)
存储节点:server1(192.168.68.5),server2(192.168.68.6)
2.         3台server均安装mysql - server数据库。
部署概要
1.         安装ubuntu服务器（本实验使用为8.04）；
2.         安装mysql – server数据库；
3.         这三台服务器上配置my.cnf；
4.         管理节点（192.168.68.8）上配置ndb_mgmd.cnf；
5.         管理节点服务器上启动mysql-ndb-mgm；
6.         存储节点上（192.168.68.5\6）启动mysql-ndb；
7.         3台服务器分别启动mysql-ndb服务；
8.         测试管理节点。
部署步骤
安装Ubuntu服务器
1.         安装ubuntu服务器，安装过程中安装msyql（也可单独安装）、openssh服务。
群集配置
1.      在三台服务器上配置my.cnf，三台服务器都要配置。
vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf
—————————————–my.cnf开始——————————————–
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ cat /etc/mysql/my.cnf
#
# The MySQL database server configuration file.
#
# You can copy this to one of:
# - “/etc/mysql/my.cnf” to set global options,
# - “~/.my.cnf” to set user-specific options.
#
# One can use all long options that the program supports.
# Run program with –help to get a list of available options and with
# –print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/serve ... ables.html
# This will be passed to all mysql clients
# It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes
# escpecially if they contain “#” chars…
# Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location.
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
# Here is entries for some specific programs
# The following values assume you have at least 32M ram
# This was formally known as [safe_mysqld]. Both versions are currently parsed.
[mysqld_safe]
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
nice = 0
[mysqld]
#
# * Basic Settings
#
#
# * IMPORTANT
# If you make changes to these settings and your system uses apparmor, you may
# also need to also adjust /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld.
#
user = mysql
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port = 3306
basedir = /usr
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir = /tmp
language = /usr/share/mysql/english
skip-external-locking
#
# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
# bind-address = 127.0.0.1
#
# * Fine Tuning
#
key_buffer = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 16M
thread_stack = 128K
thread_cache_size = 8
#max_connections = 100
#table_cache = 64
#thread_concurrency = 10
#
# * Query Cache Configuration
#
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_size = 16M
#
# * Logging and Replication
#
# Both location gets rotated by the cronjob.
# Be aware that this log type is a performance killer.
#log = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log
#
# Error logging goes to syslog. This is a Debian improvement
#
# Here you can see queries with especially long duration
#log_slow_queries = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log
#long_query_time = 2
#log-queries-not-using-indexes
#
# The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication.
# note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about
# other settings you may need to change.
#server-id = 1
#log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
expire_logs_days = 10
max_binlog_size = 100M
#binlog_do_db = include_database_name
#binlog_ignore_db = include_database_name
#
# * BerkeleyDB
#
# Using BerkeleyDB is now discouraged as its support will cease in 5.1.12.
skip-bdb
#
# * MyISAM
#
# MyISAM is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/.
# Read the manual for more MyISAM related options. There are many!
# You might want to disable MyISAM to shrink the mysqld process by circa 100MB.
#skip-innodb
#
# * Security Features
#
# Read the manual, too, if you want chroot!
# chroot = /var/lib/mysql/
#
# For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI “tinyca”.
#
# ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem
# ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem
# ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem
#如下是管理节点的ip地址
ndbcluster
ndb-connectstring=192.168.68.8
[mysqldump]
quick
quote-names
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
#no-auto-rehash # faster start of mysql but no tab completition
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 16M
#
# * NDB Cluster
#
# See /usr/share/doc/mysql-server-*/README.Debian for more information.
#
# The following configuration is read by the NDB Data Nodes (ndbd processes)
# not from the NDB Management Nodes (ndb_mgmd processes).
#
[MYSQL_CLUSTER]
ndb-connectstring=192.168.68.8
#
# * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file!
# The files must end with ‘.cnf’, otherwise they’ll be ignored.
#
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$


 
提示
 
/etc/mysql/my.cnf主要配置如下内容：
ndbcluster
ndb-connectstring=192.168.68.13
和添加
[MYSQL_CLUSTER]
ndb-connectstring=192.168.68.13
三台服务器都需要配置
2.      管理节点服务器中配置（192.168.68.8）中配置ndb_mgmd.cnf。
复制：
/usr/share/doc/mysql-server-5.0/examples/ndb_mgmd.cnf 至/etc/mysql/ndb_mgmd.cnf
3.      管理节点服务器中配置（192.168.68.8）中编辑ndb_mgmd.cnf。
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo vim /etc/mysql/ndb_mgmd.cnf
[NDBD DEFAULT]
NoOfReplicas=2
DataMemory=10MB
IndexMemory=25MB
MaxNoOfTables=256
MaxNoOfOrderedIndexes=256
MaxNoOfUniqueHashIndexes=128
[MYSQLD DEFAULT]
[NDB_MGMD DEFAULT]
[TCP DEFAULT]
[NDB_MGMD]
Id=1 # the NDB Management Node (this one)
HostName=192.168.68.8
DataDir= /var/lib/mysql-cluster

[NDBD]
Id=2 # the first NDB Data Node
HostName=192.168.68.5
DataDir= /var/lib/mysql-cluster
[NDBD]
Id=3 # the second NDB Data Node
HostName=192.168.68.6
DataDir=/var/lib/mysql-cluster
[MYSQLD]
Id=4 # the first SQL node
HostName=192.168.68.5
[MYSQLD]
Id=5 # the first SQL node
HostName=192.168.68.6
4.      服务器管理节点服务器（192.168.68.8）中的mysql-ndb-mgm服务。
sudo /etc/init.d/mysql-ndb-mgm start
5.      启动数据存储服务器（192.168.68.5\6）中服务mysql-ndb。
sudo /etc/init.d/mysql-ndb start
6.      最后启动，3台服务器中（192.168.68.5\6\8）启动mysql服务。
sudo /etc/init.d/mysql start
群集测试
1.         节点管理服务器运行ndb_mgm（192.168.68.8）。
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ ndb_mgm
– NDB Cluster — Management Client –
ndb_mgm> show
Connected to Management Server at: localhost:1186
Cluster Configuration
———————
[ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s)
id=2 @192.168.68.5(Version: 5.0.51, Nodegroup: 0)
id=3 @192.168. 68.6 (Version: 5.0.51, Nodegroup: 0, Master)

[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)
id=1 @192.168. 68.8 (Version: 5.0.51)

[mysqld(API)] 2 node(s)
id=4 @192.168. 68.5 (Version: 5.0.51)
id=5 @192.168. 68.6 (Version: 5.0.51)
ndb_mgm>
提示
 
1.       表必须用ENGINE=NDB或ENGINE=NDBCLUSTER选项创建，或用ALTER TABLE选项更改，以使用NDB Cluster存储引擎在 Cluster内复制它们。如果使用mysqldump的输出从已有数据库导入表，可在文本编辑器中打开SQL脚本，并将该选项添加到任何表创建语句，或用这类选项之一替换任何已有的ENGINE（或TYPE）选项。
2.       另外还请记住，每个NDB表必须有一个主键。如果在创建表时用户未定义主键，NDB Cluster存储引擎将自动生成隐含的主键。（注释：该隐含 键也将占用空间，就像任何其他的表。
3.       索引一样。由于没有足够的内存来容纳这些自动创建的键，出现问题并不罕见）。
4.       当你在一个节点上运行create database mydb;你去其他sql node上执行show databases;将不能看到mydb,你需要创建它，然后use mydb; show tables;你将看到同步的表。
2.         存储节点1 (192.168.68.5)中创建数据库(test)与表(table1)。
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.0.51a-3ubuntu5.1 (Ubuntu)
Type ‘help;’ or ‘h’ for help. Type ‘c’ to clear the buffer.
mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use cluster
Database changed
mysql> create table table1(nub int(10),primary key(nub),) engine = ndbcluster;
charset utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.07 sec)

mysql> insert into table1 values(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.12 sec)
3.         存储节点2(192.168.68.6)中创建数据库(test)。
注：节点2中不需要创建table1表，
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ mysql –u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.0.51a-3ubuntu5.1 (Ubuntu)

Type ‘help;’ or ‘h’ for help. Type ‘c’ to clear the buffer.

mysql> show databases;
+——————–+
| Database |
+——————–+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
+——————–+
2 rows in set (0.13 sec)

mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+——————–+
| Database |
+——————–+
| information_schema |
| test|
| mysql |
+——————–+
3 rows in set (0.13 sec)

mysql> use test;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+——————-+
| Tables_in_cluster |
+——————-+
| table1 |
+——————-+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from table1;
+—-+———–+
| nub |
+—-+———–+
| 1 |
+—-+———–+
1 rows in set (0.03 sec)

 
提示
 
在节点2（192.168.68.6）中，可观察到，虽未创建table1表，但是能够查看到该表，并能够看到表中的数据，验证结果mysql群集实现。
4.         将管理节点（192.168.68.8）停掉，在存储节点1服务器（192.168.68.5）中创建table2（使用ENGINE=NDBCLUSTER），在存储节点2服务器（192.168.68.6）上“show tables”也可以看到新创建的表table2。
提示
 
群集实现后，管理节点服务器可以停掉，群集仍然可以实现。
 
总结：如创建表时，未在创建表语句后添加ENGINE=NDB或ENGINE=NDBCLUSTER，则该表不会在群集server中同步。
管理节点、存储节点，也可以同在一台机器上，或两台msyql数据库server服务器，其中一台同时为管理节点与存储节点，而另一台仅为存储节点，这样的设计均是可以的。
在实际过程中可以根据实际需要而部署。