1,select查询的基本结构
- select 字段
- from 表
- where 过滤条件
- group by 分组条件
- order by 排序条件
- having 过滤的第二条件
- limit 限定结果条件;
2,最简单的查询语句
- mysql> select * from user;
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- | id | username | password | createtime |
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- | 1 | kenan | kenan | 2012-10-31 15:32:26 |
- | 3 | kenan | lele | 2012-10-31 15:32:26 |
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
3,查询一列或多列
- mysql> select username,createtime from user;
- +----------+---------------------+
- | username | createtime |
- +----------+---------------------+
- | kenan | 2012-10-31 15:32:26 |
- | kenan | 2012-10-31 15:32:26 |
- +----------+---------------------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4,多表查询
- mysql> select * from user;
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- | id | username | password | createtime |
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- | 1 | kenan | kenan | 2012-10-31 15:32:26 |
- | 3 | kenan | lele | 2012-10-31 15:32:26 |
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select * from teacher;
- +----+------------+---------------------+
- | id | username | createtime |
- +----+------------+---------------------+
- | 1 | Teacher Li | 2012-11-01 21:00:58 |
- | 2 | Teacher Le | 2012-11-01 21:02:07 |
- +----+------------+---------------------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select * from user,teacher;
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+----+------------+---------------------+
- | id | username | password | createtime | id | username | createtime |
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+----+------------+---------------------+
- | 1 | kenan | kenan | 2012-10-31 15:32:26 | 1 | Teacher Li | 2012-11-01 21:00:58 |
- | 3 | kenan | lele | 2012-10-31 15:32:26 | 1 | Teacher Li | 2012-11-01 21:00:58 |
- | 1 | kenan | kenan | 2012-10-31 15:32:26 | 2 | Teacher Le | 2012-11-01 21:02:07 |
- | 3 | kenan | lele | 2012-10-31 15:32:26 | 2 | Teacher Le | 2012-11-01 21:02:07 |
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+----+------------+---------------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 多表查询中,如果没有限制条件的话,两个表的记录会分别进行匹配,产生的结果就是两个表的笛卡尔积,叫做全连接
- 下面的这个带有条件的叫做等同连接,相当于在上面的查询结果中挑选出来满足where后面条件的记录,因为没有所有是空的结果。
- mysql> select * from user,teacher where user.username = teacher.username;
- Empty set (0.00 sec)
5,带有简单的where字句条件查询
- mysql> select * from user where id>2;
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- | id | username | password | createtime |
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- | 3 | kenan | lele | 2012-10-31 15:32:26 |
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
6,带有in的查询,in用来表示范围
这里查询出来username是kenan或者是Micheal的记录
- mysql> select * from user where username in ('kenan','Micheal');
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- | id | username | password | createtime |
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- | 1 | kenan | kenan | 2012-10-31 15:32:26 |
- | 3 | kenan | lele | 2012-10-31 15:32:26 |
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
7,between and 用来表示一个字段的范围的查询
这里分别查询出来id在2和3之间的记录,3到4之间的记录,从结果可以看出 between and是包含边界的,就是>=2而且<=3
- mysql> select * from user where id between 2 and 3;
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- | id | username | password | createtime |
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- | 3 | kenan | lele | 2012-10-31 15:32:26 |
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select * from user where id between 3 and 4;
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- | id | username | password | createtime |
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- | 3 | kenan | lele | 2012-10-31 15:32:26 |
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
8, is null 查询空值
9,用and连接多条件查询 并关系
- mysql> select * from user ;
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- | id | username | password | createtime |
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- | 1 | kenan | kenan | 2012-10-31 15:32:26 |
- | 3 | kenan | lele | 2012-10-31 15:32:26 |
- | 4 | lele | lele | NULL |
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select * from user where createtime is null;
- +----+----------+----------+------------+
- | id | username | password | createtime |
- +----+----------+----------+------------+
- | 4 | lele | lele | NULL |
- +----+----------+----------+------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select * from user where username = 'kenan' and password = 'kenan';
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- | id | username | password | createtime |
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- | 1 | kenan | kenan | 2012-10-31 15:32:26 |
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
10,用or 的多条件查询 这个是或关系,满足一个条件即可
- mysql> select * from user where username = 'kenan' or password = 'kenan';
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- | id | username | password | createtime |
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- | 1 | kenan | kenan | 2012-10-31 15:32:26 |
- | 3 | kenan | lele | 2012-10-31 15:32:26 |
- +----+----------+----------+---------------------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
11,聚合函数 count()用来统计总数
- mysql> select count(*) from user;
- +----------+
- | count(*) |
- +----------+
- | 3 |
- +----------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
12,使用sum()求和,使用avg函数求平均值
- mysql> select id from user;
- +----+
- | id |
- +----+
- | 1 |
- | 3 |
- | 4 |
- +----+
- 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select sum(id) from user;
- +---------+
- | sum(id) |
- +---------+
- | 8 |
- +---------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select avg(id) from user;
- +---------+
- | avg(id) |
- +---------+
- | 2.6667 |
- +---------+
- 1 row in set (0.04 sec)
13,使用max()求最大值,使用min求最小值
- mysql> select id from user;
- +----+
- | id |
- +----+
- | 1 |
- | 3 |
- | 4 |
- +----+
- 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select max(id) from user;
- +---------+
- | max(id) |
- +---------+
- | 4 |
- +---------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select min(id) from user;
- +---------+
- | min(id) |
- +---------+
- | 1 |
- +---------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)