07 openEuler GNOME 桌面环境的安装和使用
本文介绍常用的openEuler GNOME桌面环境的安装和使用方法，它提供美观易用的图形化操作界面，给用户带来更好的体验。
7.1 GNOME简介
GNOME是运行在类Unix操作系统中最常用桌面环境。是一个功能完善、操作简单，界面友好，集使用和开发为一身的桌面环境，是GNU计划的正式桌面。
从用户的角度看，GNOME是一个集成桌面环境和应用程序的套件。从开发者的角度看，它是一个应用程序开发框架(由数目众多的实用函数库组成)。即使用户不运行GNOME桌面环境，用GNOME编写的应用程序也可以正常运行。
GNOME既包含文件管理器，应用商店，文本编辑器等基础软件，也包含系统采样分析，系统日志，软件工程IDE，web浏览器，简洁虚拟机监视器，开发者文档浏览器等高级应用和工具。
7.2 GNOME安装方法
安装时，建议新建一个管理员用户。
**前提：**下载openEuler ISO镜像并安装系统，更新软件源（需要配置Everything源，以及EPOL源，下面命令是在最小化安装系统的情况下安装GNOME）
7.2.1 更新软件源
# dnf update -y
示例命令如下：
[root@superman-21 ~]# dnf update -y
OS 43 kB/s | 3.8 kB 00:00
everything 44 kB/s | 3.8 kB 00:00
EPOL 34 kB/s | 3.0 kB 00:00
debuginfo 45 kB/s | 3.8 kB 00:00
source 42 kB/s | 3.8 kB 00:00
update 42 kB/s | 3.5 kB 00:00
update 16 MB/s | 28 MB 00:01
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repo Size
================================================================================
Upgrading:
NetworkManager x86_64 1:1.32.12-12.oe2203 update 2.2 M
NetworkManager-config-server noarch 1:1.32.12-12.oe2203 update 12 k
NetworkManager-libnm x86_64 1:1.32.12-12.oe2203 update 1.6 M
acl x86_64 2.3.1-2.oe2203 update 51 k
atk x86_64 2.36.0-2.oe2203 update 262 k
atk-devel x86_64 2.36.0-2.oe2203 update 196 k
augeas x86_64 1.13.0-3.oe2203 update 376 k
authselect x86_64 1.2.4-6.oe2203 update 189 k
bash x86_64 5.1.8-6.oe2203 update 1.2 M
bc x86_64 1.07.1-11.oe2203 update 89 k
bind-libs x86_64 32:9.16.23-11.oe2203 update 1.2 M
bind-license noarch 32:9.16.23-11.oe2203 update 18 k
bind-utils x86_64 32:9.16.23-11.oe2203 update 178 k
bluez-libs x86_64 5.54-15.oe2203 update 56 k
.
.
.
selinux-policy-35.5-13.oe2203.noarch
selinux-policy-targeted-35.5-13.oe2203.noarch
sqlite-3.37.2-3.oe2203.x86_64
sssd-2.6.1-4.oe2203.x86_64
sudo-1.9.8p2-4.oe2203.x86_64
systemd-249-42.oe2203.x86_64
systemd-container-249-42.oe2203.x86_64
systemd-help-249-42.oe2203.noarch
systemd-libs-249-42.oe2203.x86_64
systemd-udev-249-42.oe2203.x86_64
tcl-1:8.6.10-4.oe2203.x86_64
tcpdump-14:4.99.1-4.oe2203.x86_64
time-1.9-8.oe2203.x86_64
tzdata-2022a-7.oe2203.noarch
unbound-libs-1.13.2-6.oe2203.x86_64
unzip-6.0-50.oe2203.x86_64
vim-common-2:9.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
vim-enhanced-2:9.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
vim-filesystem-2:9.0-1.oe2203.noarch
vim-minimal-2:9.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
wayland-1.19.91-4.oe2203.x86_64
wayland-devel-1.19.91-4.oe2203.x86_64
words-3.0-33.oe2203.noarch
xz-5.2.5-2.oe2203.x86_64
xz-devel-5.2.5-2.oe2203.x86_64
xz-libs-5.2.5-2.oe2203.x86_64
yajl-2.1.0-18.oe2203.x86_64
yum-4.10.0-7.oe2203.noarch
zlib-1.2.11-22.oe2203.x86_64
zlib-devel-1.2.11-22.oe2203.x86_64
Installed:
duktape-2.6.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
elfutils-extra-0.185-13.oe2203.x86_64
grub2-tools-efi-1:2.06-15.oe2203.x86_64
kernel-5.10.0-60.68.0.93.oe2203.x86_64
Complete!
[root@superman-21 ~]#
7.2.2 安装字库
# dnf install dejavu-fonts liberation-fonts gnu-*-fonts google-*-fonts -y
示例命令如下：
[root@superman-21 ~]# dnf install dejavu-fonts liberation-fonts gnu-*-fonts google-*-fonts -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:06:39 ago on 2022年12月03日 星期六 15时05分15秒.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
dejavu-fonts noarch 2.37-1.oe2203 OS 5.1 M
gnu-free-mono-fonts noarch 20120503-21.oe2203
OS 428 k
gnu-free-sans-fonts noarch 20120503-21.oe2203
OS 752 k
gnu-free-serif-fonts noarch 20120503-21.oe2203
OS 1.5 M
google-crosextra-carlito-fonts noarch 1.103-1.0.20130920.oe2203
everything 817 k
google-droid-kufi-fonts noarch 20200215-1.oe2203 OS 70 k
google-droid-sans-fonts noarch 20200215-1.oe2203 OS 2.4 M
google-droid-sans-mono-fonts noarch 20200215-1.oe2203 OS 81 k
google-droid-serif-fonts noarch 20200215-1.oe2203 OS 517 k
google-noto-cjk-fonts noarch 20170602-9.oe2203 OS 10 k
google-noto-emoji-fonts noarch 20200916-3.oe2203 OS 10 M
google-noto-kufi-arabic-fonts noarch 20181223-1.oe2203 everything 70 k
google-noto-music-fonts noarch 20181223-1.oe2203 everything 51 k
google-noto-naskh-arabic-fonts noarch 20181223-1.oe2203 everything 198 k
google-noto-naskh-arabic-ui-fonts noarch 20181223-1.oe2203 everything 205 k
google-noto-nastaliq-urdu-fonts noarch 20181223-1.oe2203 everything 315 k
google-noto-sans-adlam-fonts noarch 20181223-1.oe2203 everything 41 k
.
.
.
google-noto-serif-gurmukhi-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-hebrew-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-hebrew-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-jp-fonts-20170602-9.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-kannada-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-kannada-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-khmer-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-khmer-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-kr-fonts-20170602-9.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-lao-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-lao-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-malayalam-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-myanmar-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-myanmar-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-sc-fonts-20170602-9.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-sinhala-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-sinhala-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-tamil-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-tamil-slanted-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-tamil-slanted-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-tamil-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-tc-fonts-20170602-9.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-telugu-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-thai-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-thai-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-tibetan-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-tibetan-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-roboto-slab-fonts-1.100263-0.9.20150923git.oe2203.noarch
liberation-fonts-1:2.00.5-4.oe2203.noarch
Complete!
[root@superman-21 ~]#
7.2.3 安装Xorg
# dnf install xorg-* -y
示例命令如下：
[root@superman-21 ~]# dnf install xorg-* -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:38:02 ago on 2022年12月03日 星期六 15时05分15秒.
Package xorg-x11-proto-devel-2021.5-1.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
xorg-x11-apps x86_64 7.7-23.oe2203 everything 238 k
xorg-x11-apps-debuginfo x86_64 7.7-23.oe2203 debuginfo 554 k
xorg-x11-apps-debugsource x86_64 7.7-23.oe2203 debuginfo 246 k
xorg-x11-apps-help x86_64 7.7-23.oe2203 everything 65 k
xorg-x11-drivers x86_64 7.7-28.oe2203 OS 7.8 k
xorg-x11-drv-ati x86_64 19.1.0-3.oe2203 OS 156 k
xorg-x11-drv-ati-debuginfo x86_64 19.1.0-3.oe2203 debuginfo 749 k
xorg-x11-drv-ati-debugsource x86_64 19.1.0-3.oe2203 debuginfo 222 k
xorg-x11-drv-ati-help noarch 19.1.0-3.oe2203 everything 329 k
xorg-x11-drv-dummy x86_64 0.3.8-1.oe2203 OS 15 k
xorg-x11-drv-dummy-debuginfo x86_64 0.3.8-1.oe2203 debuginfo 47 k
xorg-x11-drv-dummy-debugsource x86_64 0.3.8-1.oe2203 debuginfo 16 k
.
.
.
xorg-x11-util-macros-1.19.3-1.oe2203.noarch
xorg-x11-utils-7.5-31.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-utils-debuginfo-7.5-31.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-utils-debugsource-7.5-31.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-utils-help-7.5-31.oe2203.noarch
xorg-x11-xauth-1:1.1-1.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xauth-debuginfo-1:1.1-1.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xauth-debugsource-1:1.1-1.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xauth-help-1:1.1-1.oe2203.noarch
xorg-x11-xbitmaps-1.1.2-1.oe2203.noarch
xorg-x11-xinit-1.4.1-1.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xinit-debuginfo-1.4.1-1.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xinit-debugsource-1.4.1-1.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xinit-help-1.4.1-1.oe2203.noarch
xorg-x11-xkb-utils-7.7-30.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xkb-utils-debuginfo-7.7-30.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xkb-utils-debugsource-7.7-30.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xkb-utils-devel-7.7-30.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xkb-utils-help-7.7-30.oe2203.noarch
xorg-x11-xtrans-devel-1.4.0-1.oe2203.noarch
Complete!
[root@superman-21 ~]#
这可能会安装很多没用的包，可以使用下面的命令安装必要的xorg相关包
# dnf install xorg-x11-apps xorg-x11-drivers xorg-x11-drv-ati \
xorg-x11-drv-dummy xorg-x11-drv-evdev xorg-x11-drv-fbdev xorg-x11-drv-intel \
xorg-x11-drv-libinput xorg-x11-drv-nouveau xorg-x11-drv-qxl \
xorg-x11-drv-synaptics-legacy xorg-x11-drv-v4l xorg-x11-drv-vesa \
xorg-x11-drv-vmware xorg-x11-drv-wacom xorg-x11-fonts xorg-x11-fonts-others \
xorg-x11-font-utils xorg-x11-server xorg-x11-server-utils xorg-x11-server-Xephyr \
xorg-x11-server-Xspice xorg-x11-util-macros xorg-x11-utils xorg-x11-xauth \
xorg-x11-xbitmaps xorg-x11-xinit xorg-x11-xkb-utils -y
示例命令如下：
[root@superman-21 ~]# dnf install xorg-x11-apps xorg-x11-drivers xorg-x11-drv-ati \
> xorg-x11-drv-dummy xorg-x11-drv-evdev xorg-x11-drv-fbdev xorg-x11-drv-intel \
> xorg-x11-drv-libinput xorg-x11-drv-nouveau xorg-x11-drv-qxl \
> xorg-x11-drv-synaptics-legacy xorg-x11-drv-v4l xorg-x11-drv-vesa \
> xorg-x11-drv-vmware xorg-x11-drv-wacom xorg-x11-fonts xorg-x11-fonts-others \
> xorg-x11-font-utils xorg-x11-server xorg-x11-server-utils xorg-x11-server-Xephyr \
> xorg-x11-server-Xspice xorg-x11-util-macros xorg-x11-utils xorg-x11-xauth \
> xorg-x11-xbitmaps xorg-x11-xinit xorg-x11-xkb-utils -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:04 ago on 2022年12月03日 星期六 15时45分35秒.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
xorg-x11-apps x86_64 7.7-23.oe2203 everything 238 k
xorg-x11-drivers x86_64 7.7-28.oe2203 OS 7.8 k
xorg-x11-drv-ati x86_64 19.1.0-3.oe2203 OS 156 k
xorg-x11-drv-dummy x86_64 0.3.8-1.oe2203 OS 15 k
xorg-x11-drv-evdev x86_64 2.10.6-4.oe2203 OS 113 k
xorg-x11-drv-fbdev x86_64 0.5.0-5.oe2203 OS 28 k
xorg-x11-drv-intel x86_64 2.99.917-45.oe2203 OS 662 k
xorg-x11-drv-libinput x86_64 1.2.0-1.oe2203 OS 70 k
xorg-x11-drv-nouveau x86_64 1:1.0.17-1.oe2203 OS 285 k
xorg-x11-drv-qxl x86_64 0.1.5-14.oe2203 OS 86 k
xorg-x11-drv-synaptics-legacy x86_64 1.9.1-3.oe2203 EPOL 67 k
xorg-x11-drv-v4l x86_64 0.3.0-1.oe2203 OS 17 k
xorg-x11-drv-vesa x86_64 2.5.0-1.oe2203 OS 20 k
xorg-x11-drv-vmware x86_64 13.3.0-2.oe2203 OS 77 k
xorg-x11-drv-wacom x86_64 0.40.0-1.oe2203 OS 91 k
xorg-x11-font-utils x86_64 1:7.5-43.oe2203 OS 85 k
xorg-x11-fonts noarch 7.5-24.oe2203 OS 15 M
xorg-x11-fonts-others noarch 7.5-24.oe2203 OS 7.4 M
xorg-x11-server x86_64 1.20.11-12.oe2203 update 1.4 M
xorg-x11-server-Xephyr x86_64 1.20.11-12.oe2203 update 966 k
xorg-x11-server-Xspice x86_64 0.1.5-14.oe2203 everything 100 k
xorg-x11-server-utils x86_64 7.7-29.oe2203 OS 130 k
xorg-x11-util-macros noarch 1.19.3-1.oe2203 everything 53 k
xorg-x11-utils x86_64 7.5-31.oe2203 OS 100 k
xorg-x11-xauth x86_64 1:1.1-1.oe2203 OS 27 k
xorg-x11-xbitmaps noarch 1.1.2-1.oe2203 everything 43 k
xorg-x11-xinit x86_64 1.4.1-1.oe2203 OS 50 k
xorg-x11-xkb-utils x86_64 7.7-30.oe2203 update 162 k
Installing dependencies:
alsa-lib x86_64 1.2.5.1-1.oe2203 OS 454 k
autoconf noarch 2.71-2.oe2203 OS 663 k
automake noarch 1.16.5-3.oe2203 OS 460 k
cdparanoia-libs x86_64 10.2-31.oe2203 OS 49 k
graphene x86_64 1.10.6-1.oe2203 OS 59 k
gstreamer1 x86_64 1.19.3-1.oe2203 OS 1.3 M
gstreamer1-plugins-base x86_64 1.18.4-3.oe2203 OS 2.0 M
iso-codes noarch 4.7.0-1.oe2203 OS 3.7 M
libICE x86_64 1.0.10-4.oe2203 update 53 k
libSM x86_64 1.2.3-4.oe2203 update 23 k
libXScrnSaver x86_64 1.2.3-4.oe2203 OS 14 k
libXaw x86_64 1.0.14-1.oe2203 OS 160 k
libXdmcp x86_64 1.1.3-4.oe2203 update 19 k
libXfont2 x86_64 2.0.5-1.oe2203 OS 144 k
libXmu x86_64 1.1.3-1.oe2203 OS 54 k
libXpm x86_64 3.5.13-1.oe2203 OS 41 k
libXt x86_64 1.2.1-1.oe2203 OS 168 k
libXv x86_64 1.0.11-11.oe2203 OS 17 k
libXvMC x86_64 1.0.12-1.oe2203 OS 21 k
libXxf86dga x86_64 1.1.5-1.oe2203 OS 18 k
libXxf86vm x86_64 1.1.4-13.oe2203 OS 16 k
libdmx x86_64 1.1.4-6.oe2203 OS 15 k
libevdev x86_64 1.11.0-2.oe2203 OS 38 k
libfontenc x86_64 1.1.4-2.oe2203 OS 19 k
libglvnd x86_64 1:1.3.4-2.oe2203 OS 64 k
libglvnd-egl x86_64 1:1.3.4-2.oe2203 OS 39 k
libglvnd-glx x86_64 1:1.3.4-2.oe2203 OS 112 k
libgudev x86_64 237-1.oe2203 OS 32 k
libinput x86_64 1.19.2-2.oe2203 update 187 k
libogg x86_64 2:1.3.5-1.oe2203 OS 31 k
libtheora x86_64 1:1.1.1-25.oe2203 OS 157 k
libtool x86_64 2.4.6-34.oe2203 OS 584 k
libunwind x86_64 2:1.5.0-2.oe2203 update 54 k
libvisual x86_64 1:0.4.0-27.oe2203 OS 149 k
libvorbis x86_64 1:1.3.7-2.oe2203 OS 182 k
libwacom x86_64 1.12-1.oe2203 OS 44 k
libwacom-data noarch 1.12-1.oe2203 OS 99 k
libxkbfile x86_64 1.1.0-4.oe2203 update 84 k
libxshmfence x86_64 1.3-7.oe2203 update 12 k
llvm-libs x86_64 12.0.1-2.oe2203 OS 23 M
mcpp x86_64 2.7.2-28.oe2203 OS 77 k
mesa-libEGL x86_64 21.3.1-1.oe2203 OS 104 k
mesa-libGL x86_64 21.3.1-1.oe2203 OS 139 k
mesa-libgbm x86_64 21.3.1-1.oe2203 OS 32 k
mesa-libglapi x86_64 21.3.1-1.oe2203 OS 31 k
mesa-libxatracker x86_64 21.3.1-1.oe2203 OS 1.9 M
mtdev x86_64 1.1.6-2.oe2203 OS 19 k
opus x86_64 1.3.1-3.oe2203 update 205 k
orc x86_64 0.4.32-1.oe2203 OS 161 k
sgml-common noarch 0.6.3-51.oe2203 OS 53 k
spice-server x86_64 0.14.3-3.oe2203 everything 364 k
xcb-util x86_64 0.4.0-13.oe2203 OS 16 k
xcb-util-image x86_64 0.4.0-12.oe2203 OS 17 k
xcb-util-keysyms x86_64 0.4.0-10.oe2203 OS 13 k
xcb-util-renderutil x86_64 0.3.9-13.oe2203 OS 16 k
xcb-util-wm x86_64 0.4.1-15.oe2203 OS 28 k
xorg-x11-server-common x86_64 1.20.11-12.oe2203 update 26 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 85 Packages
Total download size: 64 M
Installed size: 186 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/85): alsa-lib-1.2.5.1-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 1.4 MB/s | 454 kB 00:00
(2/85): automake-1.16.5-3.oe2203.noarch.rpm 1.4 MB/s | 460 kB 00:00
(3/85): cdparanoia-libs-10.2-31.oe2203.x86_64.r 854 kB/s | 49 kB 00:00
(4/85): graphene-1.10.6-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 1.0 MB/s | 59 kB 00:00
(5/85): autoconf-2.71-2.oe2203.noarch.rpm 1.3 MB/s | 663 kB 00:00
(6/85): gstreamer1-1.19.3-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 7.1 MB/s | 1.3 MB 00:00
(7/85): libXScrnSaver-1.2.3-4.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 299 kB/s | 14 kB 00:00
(8/85): libXaw-1.0.14-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 3.0 MB/s | 160 kB 00:00
(9/85): libXfont2-2.0.5-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 3.0 MB/s | 144 kB 00:00
(10/85): libXmu-1.1.3-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 1.2 MB/s | 54 kB 00:00
(11/85): gstreamer1-plugins-base-1.18.4-3.oe220 4.7 MB/s | 2.0 MB 00:00
(12/85): libXpm-3.5.13-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 848 kB/s | 41 kB 00:00
(13/85): libXt-1.2.1-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 3.5 MB/s | 168 kB 00:00
(14/85): libXv-1.0.11-11.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 351 kB/s | 17 kB 00:00
(15/85): libXvMC-1.0.12-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 427 kB/s | 21 kB 00:00
(16/85): libXxf86dga-1.1.5-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 390 kB/s | 18 kB 00:00
(17/85): libdmx-1.1.4-6.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 356 kB/s | 15 kB 00:00
(18/85): libXxf86vm-1.1.4-13.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 353 kB/s | 16 kB 00:00
.
.
.
xorg-x11-drv-nouveau-1:1.0.17-1.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-drv-qxl-0.1.5-14.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-drv-synaptics-legacy-1.9.1-3.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-drv-v4l-0.3.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-drv-vesa-2.5.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-drv-vmware-13.3.0-2.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-drv-wacom-0.40.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-font-utils-1:7.5-43.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-fonts-7.5-24.oe2203.noarch
xorg-x11-fonts-others-7.5-24.oe2203.noarch
xorg-x11-server-1.20.11-12.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-server-Xephyr-1.20.11-12.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-server-Xspice-0.1.5-14.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-server-common-1.20.11-12.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-server-utils-7.7-29.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-util-macros-1.19.3-1.oe2203.noarch
xorg-x11-utils-7.5-31.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xauth-1:1.1-1.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xbitmaps-1.1.2-1.oe2203.noarch
xorg-x11-xinit-1.4.1-1.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xkb-utils-7.7-30.oe2203.x86_64
Complete!
[root@superman-21 ~]#
7.2.4 安装GNOME及组件
# dnf install adwaita-icon-theme atk atkmm at-spi2-atk at-spi2-core baobab \
abattis-cantarell-fonts cheese clutter clutter-gst3 clutter-gtk cogl dconf \
dconf-editor devhelp eog epiphany evince evolution-data-server file-roller folks \
gcab gcr gdk-pixbuf2 gdm gedit geocode-glib gfbgraph gjs glib2 glibmm24 \
glib-networking gmime30 gnome-autoar gnome-backgrounds gnome-bluetooth \
gnome-builder gnome-calculator gnome-calendar gnome-characters \
gnome-clocks gnome-color-manager gnome-contacts gnome-control-center \
gnome-desktop3 gnome-disk-utility gnome-font-viewer gnome-getting-started-docs \
gnome-initial-setup gnome-keyring gnome-logs gnome-menus gnome-music \
gnome-online-accounts gnome-online-miners gnome-photos gnome-remote-desktop \
gnome-screenshot gnome-session gnome-settings-daemon gnome-shell \
gnome-shell-extensions gnome-software gnome-system-monitor gnome-terminal \
gnome-tour gnome-user-docs gnome-user-share gnome-video-effects \
gnome-weather gobject-introspection gom grilo grilo-plugins \
gsettings-desktop-schemas gsound gspell gssdp gtk3 gtk4 gtk-doc gtkmm30 \
gtksourceview4 gtk-vnc2 gupnp gupnp-av gupnp-dlna gvfs json-glib libchamplain \
libdazzle libgdata libgee libgnomekbd libgsf libgtop2 libgweather libgxps libhandy \
libmediaart libnma libnotify libpeas librsvg2 libsecret libsigc++20 libsoup \
mm-common mutter nautilus orca pango pangomm libphodav python3-pyatspi \
python3-gobject rest rygel simple-scan sushi sysprof tepl totem totem-pl-parser \
tracker3 tracker3-miners vala vte291 yelp yelp-tools \
yelp-xsl zenity -y
示例命令如下：
[root@superman-21 ~]# dnf install adwaita-icon-theme atk atkmm at-spi2-atk at-spi2-core baobab \
> abattis-cantarell-fonts cheese clutter clutter-gst3 clutter-gtk cogl dconf \
> dconf-editor devhelp eog epiphany evince evolution-data-server file-roller folks \
> gcab gcr gdk-pixbuf2 gdm gedit geocode-glib gfbgraph gjs glib2 glibmm24 \
> glib-networking gmime30 gnome-autoar gnome-backgrounds gnome-bluetooth \
> gnome-builder gnome-calculator gnome-calendar gnome-characters \
> gnome-clocks gnome-color-manager gnome-contacts gnome-control-center \
> gnome-desktop3 gnome-disk-utility gnome-font-viewer gnome-getting-started-docs \
> gnome-initial-setup gnome-keyring gnome-logs gnome-menus gnome-music \
> gnome-online-accounts gnome-online-miners gnome-photos gnome-remote-desktop \
> gnome-screenshot gnome-session gnome-settings-daemon gnome-shell \
> gnome-shell-extensions gnome-software gnome-system-monitor gnome-terminal \
> gnome-tour gnome-user-docs gnome-user-share gnome-video-effects \
> gnome-weather gobject-introspection gom grilo grilo-plugins \
> gsettings-desktop-schemas gsound gspell gssdp gtk3 gtk4 gtk-doc gtkmm30 \
> gtksourceview4 gtk-vnc2 gupnp gupnp-av gupnp-dlna gvfs json-glib libchamplain \
> libdazzle libgdata libgee libgnomekbd libgsf libgtop2 libgweather libgxps libhandy \
> libmediaart libnma libnotify libpeas librsvg2 libsecret libsigc++20 libsoup \
> mm-common mutter nautilus orca pango pangomm libphodav python3-pyatspi \
> python3-gobject rest rygel simple-scan sushi sysprof tepl totem totem-pl-parser \
> tracker3 tracker3-miners vala vte291 yelp yelp-tools \
> yelp-xsl zenity -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:03:07 ago on 2022年12月03日 星期六 15时45分35秒.
Package adwaita-icon-theme-41.0-1.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package atk-2.36.0-2.oe2203.x86_64 is already installed.
Package at-spi2-atk-2.38.0-1.oe2203.x86_64 is already installed.
Package at-spi2-core-2.42.0-1.oe2203.x86_64 is already installed.
Package abattis-cantarell-fonts-0.301-1.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package dconf-0.40.0-3.oe2203.x86_64 is already installed.
Package gcr-3.41.0-1.oe2203.x86_64 is already installed.
Package gdk-pixbuf2-2.42.6-4.oe2203.x86_64 is already installed.
Package glib2-2.68.1-11.oe2203.x86_64 is already installed.
Package gobject-introspection-1.70.0-1.oe2203.x86_64 is already installed.
Package gtk3-3.24.30-5.oe2203.x86_64 is already installed.
Package libsecret-0.20.4-1.oe2203.x86_64 is already installed.
Package pango-1.49.3-3.oe2203.x86_64 is already installed.
Package python3-gobject-3.42.0-2.oe2203.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
atkmm x86_64 2.28.1-1.oe2203 everything 83 k
baobab x86_64 3.38.0-1.oe2203 EPOL 372 k
cheese x86_64 2:3.38.0-1.oe2203 everything 88 k
clutter x86_64 1.26.4-1.oe2203 OS 1.0 M
clutter-gst3 x86_64 3.0.27-1.oe2203 OS 79 k
clutter-gtk x86_64 1.8.4-6.oe2203 OS 44 k
cogl x86_64 1.22.8-1.oe2203 OS 450 k
dconf-editor x86_64 3.38.3-1.oe2203 OS 643 k
devhelp x86_64 1:3.38.1-5.oe2203 everything 310 k
eog x86_64 3.38.3-3.oe2203 OS 3.3 M
epiphany x86_64 1:40.6-1.oe2203 update 2.2 M
evince x86_64 3.38.2-1.oe2203 OS 2.5 M
evolution-data-server x86_64 3.38.4-2.oe2203 OS 2.1 M
file-roller x86_64 3.38.1-1.oe2203 OS 864 k
folks x86_64 1:0.15.2-2.oe2203 everything 548 k
gcab x86_64 1.4-2.oe2203 everything 79 k
gdm x86_64 1:3.38.2.1-5.oe2203 OS 816 k
gedit x86_64 1:3.38.2-3.oe2203 EPOL 2.5 M
geocode-glib x86_64 3.26.2-3.oe2203 OS 63 k
gfbgraph x86_64 0.2.4-2.oe2203 everything 38 k
gjs x86_64 1.71.1-1.oe2203 OS 463 k
glib-networking x86_64 2.68.1-2.oe2203 OS 159 k
.
.
.
urw-base35-standard-symbols-ps-fonts-20200910-1.oe2203.noarch
urw-base35-z003-fonts-20200910-1.oe2203.noarch
usbmuxd-1.1.1-1.oe2203.x86_64
util-linux-devel-2.37.2-5.oe2203.x86_64
vala-0.50.8-4.oe2203.x86_64
vala-devel-0.50.8-4.oe2203.x86_64
vdo-6.2.0.298-13.oe2203.x86_64
vid.stab-1.1.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
vino-3.22.0-12.oe2203.x86_64
vo-amrwbenc-0.1.3-1.oe2203.x86_64
volume_key-0.3.12-3.oe2203.x86_64
vte291-0.62.3-1.oe2203.x86_64
vulkan-loader-1.1.92.0-2.oe2203.x86_64
wavpack-5.3.0-2.oe2203.x86_64
wavpack-help-5.3.0-2.oe2203.noarch
wayland-devel-1.19.91-4.oe2203.x86_64
wayland-protocols-devel-1.24-2.oe2203.noarch
webkit2gtk3-2.32.1-3.oe2203.x86_64
webkit2gtk3-jsc-2.32.1-3.oe2203.x86_64
woff2-1.0.2-6.oe2203.x86_64
wpa_supplicant-1:2.6-30.oe2203.x86_64
wpebackend-fdo-1.6.1-1.oe2203.x86_64
x264-libs-0.157-13.20190717git34c06d1_bootstrap.oe2203.x86_64
x265-3.4-2.oe2203.x86_64
xdg-dbus-proxy-0.1.2-1.oe2203.x86_64
xdg-desktop-portal-1.7.2-2.oe2203.x86_64
xdg-desktop-portal-gtk-1.8.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
xdg-user-dirs-0.17-3.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-proto-devel-2021.5-1.oe2203.noarch
xvidcore-1.3.7-1.oe2203.x86_64
xz-devel-5.2.5-2.oe2203.x86_64
yelp-2:3.38.3-1.oe2203.x86_64
yelp-tools-3.38.0-1.oe2203.noarch
yelp-xsl-3.38.3-1.oe2203.noarch
zenity-3.41.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
zimg-2.9.3-2.oe2203.x86_64
zvbi-0.2.35-7.oe2203.x86_64
zziplib-0.13.71-3.oe2203.x86_64
Complete!
[root@superman-21 ~]#
7.2.5 启动gdm显示管理器
# systemctl enable gdm
示例命令如下：
[root@superman-21 ~]# systemctl enable gdm
[root@superman-21 ~]#
7.2.6 设置系统默认以图形界面登录
# systemctl set-default graphical.target
示例命令如下：
[root@superman-21 ~]# systemctl set-default graphical.target
Removed /etc/systemd/system/default.target.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target → /usr/lib/systemd/system/graphical.target.
[root@superman-21 ~]#
7.2.7 重启生效
# reboot
示例命令如下：
[root@superman-21 ~]# reboot
7.3 GNOME图形界面
7.4 问题处理
- 当gdm不能工作
- 如果默认安装了gdm，则停用gdm
# systemctl disable gdm
- 安装lightdm显示管理器替代
# dnf install lightdm lightdm-gtk -y
- 设置默认桌面为GNOME，通过root权限用户设置
# echo 'user-session=gnome' >> /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/60-lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf
- 启动lightdm显示管理器
# systemctl enable lightdm
- 设置系统默认以图形界面登录
# systemctl set-default graphical.target
- 重启验证
# reboot
