一、区块整体结构
1. 结构图
2. json格式
{
header: {
number: '37',
previous_hash:'b57d891702819c0e62dd7d405743b0663d19e49365d43c6420f281b43492e78d',
data_hash:'c730c7f832a24f9906e5224205182a66f25ef92b766c02aba60e23293883361f'
},
data: {
data: [{
signature:<Buffer 30 45 02 21 00 90 e3 37 85 e3 16 05 4f 34 79 cc d3 b6 75 42 1e 08 b8 34 c9 62 cd ae bb 66 b8 45 e0 9c c2 c9 41 02 20 6d 34 cb 6a 2f 04 cb 6f 2a e9 cb ... >,
payload: {
header: {
channel_header: {
type: 3,
version: 1,
timestamp: '2019-12-27T02: 30: 35.321Z',
channel_id: 'mychannel',
tx_id:'cbd9e30878c5a9c6887d67596e6cd0a2cb30c253ef32e7dceb4440b4d0ec3b9d',
epoch: '0',
extension: <Buffer 12 06 12 04 6d 79 63 63>,
typeString: 'ENDORSER_TRANSACTION'
},
signature_header: {
creator: {
Mspid: 'Org1MSP',
IdBytes:'-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\nMIICKTCCAdCgAwIBAgIQWv/vCt79Gp31mVsZBLDTBzAKBggqhkjOPQQDAjBzMQsw\nCQYDVQQGEwJVUzETMBEGA1UECBMKQ2FsaWZvcm5pYTEWMBQGA1UEBxMNU2FuIEZy\nYW5jaXNjbzEZMBcGA1UEChMQb3JnMS5leGFtcGxlLmNvbTEcMBoGA1UEAxMTY2Eu\nb3JnMS5leGFtcGxlLmNvbTAeFw0xOTEyMjcwMTE4MDBaFw0yOTEyMjQwMTE4MDBa\nMGwxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMRMwEQYDVQQIEwpDYWxpZm9ybmlhMRYwFAYDVQQHEw1T\nYW4gRnJhbmNpc2NvMQ8wDQYDVQQLEwZjbGllbnQxHzAdBgNVBAMMFkFkbWluQG9y\nZzEuZXhhbXBsZS5jb20wWTATBgcqhkjOPQIBBggqhkjOPQMBBwNCAATFYP5wn0Nr\n9NXpCXbqDiNa53r9RXcO0qcIgZhj9apQIn1ZOqdj4E7UQ/Yv9J8nOJMfFCwfU6VU\nNJ0B5DI7R/jro00wSzAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCB4AwDAYDVR0TAQH/BAIwADArBgNV\nHSMEJDAigCAfNb1MjsB1bCjo4uzb2roawarG0SSzApS1Qp8u50YO5DAKBggqhkjO\nPQQDAgNHADBEAiBofjUeoqz1oTNc5yeE7R7/5incME4/aQJX8U7Ym8oHMgIgdor2\n40bkUNJmhFdeB2kXoLHGrD9F+bRzN+6zoerkApg=\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n'
},
nonce:<Buffer d5 8e 36 01 34 a9 21 61 fb c2 90 5d 85 fd 55 4d 09 4e 49 d0 0b cb 18 74>
}
},
data: {
actions: [{
header: {
creator: {
Mspid: 'Org1MSP',
IdBytes:'-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\n40bkUNJmhFdeB2kXoLHGrD9F+bRzN+6zoerkApg=\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n'
},
nonce:<Buffer d5 8e 36 01 34 a9 21 61 fb c2 90 5d 85 fd 55 4d 09 4e 49 d0 0b cb 18 74>
},
payload: {
chaincode_proposal_payload: {
input: {
chaincode_spec: {
type: 1,
typeString: 'GOLANG',
input: {
args: [
<Buffer 69 6e 73 65 72 74>,
<Buffer 7b 22 62 69 7a 54 79 70 65 22 3a 22 48 59 22 2c 22 62 69 7a 55 55 49 44 22 3a 22 36 33 39 39 65 32 35 66 2d 32 61 64 31 2d 34 66 37 63 2d 38 30 63 63 ... >
],
decorations: {}
},
chaincode_id: {
path: '',
name: 'mycc',
version: ''
},
timeout: 0
}
}
},
action: {
proposal_response_payload: {
proposal_hash:'50180bdb986b6b4488a54528e9f002221109ea1f6bb87847783cf4bdabeb2037',
extension: {
results:{
data_model: 0,
ns_rwset: [{
namespace: 'lscc',
rwset: {
reads: [{
key: 'mycc',
version: {
block_num: '1',
tx_num: '0'
}
}],
range_queries_info: [],
writes: [],
metadata_writes: []
},
collection_hashed_rwset: []
},
{
namespace: 'mycc',
rwset: {
reads: [],
range_queries_info: [],
writes: [{
key: '8543b514-1fa8-49f6-a610-cd44d4d5a318',
is_delete: false,
value:'{
"bizType": "HY",
"bizUUID": "6399e25f-2ad1-4f7c-80cc-6ba720f312b9",
"count": 5,
"fillPerson": "许褚",
"requestID": "89c06e39-403b-430d-9bac-caab738c1aeb",
"requestTime": "2019-12-27 10:30:24",
"reviewOpinion": "从许攸，袭乌巢",
"reviewPass": "通过",
"reviewer": "曹操",
"submissionTim": "提交审核时间",
"toGzwTime": "上报时间",
"blockTimeTamp": "2019-12-27 10:30:35:320",
"tx_id": "cbd9e30878c5a9c6887d67596e6cd0a2cb30c253ef32e7dceb4440b4d0ec3b9d"
}'
}],
metadata_writes: []
},
collection_hashed_rwset: []
}]
},
events: {
chaincode_id: '',
tx_id: '',
event_name: '',
payload: <Buffer >
},
response: {
status: 200,
message: 'insert finished successfully',
payload:'8543b514-1fa8-49f6-a610-cd44d4d5a318: {
"bizType": "HY",
"bizUUID": "6399e25f-2ad1-4f7c-80cc-6ba720f312b9",
"count": 5,
"fillPerson": "许褚",
"requestID": "89c06e39-403b-430d-9bac-caab738c1aeb",
"requestTime": "2019-12-27 10:30:24",
"reviewOpinion": "从许攸，袭乌巢",
"reviewPass": "通过",
"reviewer": "曹操",
"submissionTim": "提交审核时间",
"toGzwTime": "上报时间",
"blockTimeTamp": "2019-12-27 10:30:35:320",
"tx_id": "cbd9e30878c5a9c6887d67596e6cd0a2cb30c253ef32e7dceb4440b4d0ec3b9d"
}'
},
chaincode_id: {
path: '',
name: 'mycc',
version: '1.0'
}
}
},
endorsements: [{
endorser: {
Mspid: 'Org1MSP',
IdBytes:'-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\nDZgErjIfq7KT5XWVCfvsxbJRWjD3o3aw0TE291A=\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n'
},
signature:<Buffer 30 45 02 21 00 a8 80 cc 94 22 54 68 bc 10 e3 c1 87 45 d7 33 5a da c6 88 a4 49 a7 71 57 7a 71 1c 87 b6 1f 93 1b 02 20 6a 21 3f db 23 6a 36 c4 a4 b5 93 ... >
}]
}
}
}]
}
}
}]
},
metadata: {
metadata: [
{
value: '\n\u0000',
signatures: [{
signature_header: {
creator: {
Mspid: 'OrdererMSP',
IdBytes:'-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n'
},
nonce:<Buffer c6 2b cd eb f6 98 a1 e7 36 94 d6 01 3c 8f e1 54 3b e4 e8 54 67 5d f9 77>
},
signature:<Buffer 30 45 02 21 00 9b e9 af 68 06 b8 88 d4 0a df 64 91 dc 6d 9f f7 57 0d 37 c0 28 7e d6 5d 1a 0e aa 57 ad 99 4e e4 02 20 63 44 04 f9 8e 83 f3 44 95 1f a3 ... >
}]
},
{
value: {
index: '0'
},
signatures: []
},
[0]
]
}
}二、如何查看区块
1. 查看区块链信息
docker exec [container] peer channel getinfo -c [channel]
#返回如下信息
Blockchain info: {"height":3,"currentBlockHash":"MvXGp1W3jK7vnn5V0dGZAgg7iIadjLCl1ArCh5XHXHs=","previousBlockHash":"BxXo7hCkE6Gb4Y/KDi0M85dw/8d7S4BU1hvcVz0DQJw="}
#区块链高度为3，区块链的编号为0, 1, 2,其中0是创世区块
2. 获取区块文件
#获取区块链文件
docker exec [container] peer channel fetch [block-number] -c [channel]
#区块文件保存在当前文件夹，文件名为[channel]_[block-number].block
#拷贝区块文件到宿主机器当前文件夹
docker cp [container]:/opt/gopath/src/github.com/hyperledger/fabric/peer/[channel]_[block-number].block ./
3. 解析区块文件
使用fabric-samples中的二进制工具configtxgen解析区块文件，可以将configtxgen所在文件夹添加到PATH中。再查看环境变量中是否有FABRIC_CFG_PATH，没有的话要设置成configtx.yaml所在文件夹，否则configtxgen会找不到配置文件。
#将区块文件解析成json文件
configtxgen -inspectBlock [.block file] > [.json file]
三、解析
1. 区块结构
为了增强可读性，可以用在线工具将json转成yaml
---
header:
data_hash: ...
number: ...
previous_hash: ...
data:
data:
- payload: ...
signature: ...
metadata:
metadata: ...
可以看到一个区块包括三部分：
- 区块头：包含当前区块哈希、区块序号、前一区块的哈希；
- 区块数据：交易组成的数组
- 元数据：和当前区块相关的元数据
2. 交易结构
signature: ...
payload:
header:
channel_header: ... //包括txid、时间戳、通道等信息
signature_header: ... //包括sender的证书、mspid、随机数nonce
data:
actions:
- header:
payload: ...
可以看到一个交易包括：交易发送者的签名、数据载荷payload。
payload又包含两部分：
- header
- data: 包括一个由action组成的数组
下面看看action包含哪些东西
actions:
- header: ... //和signature_header一样
payload:
chaincode_proposal_payload: ... //请求智能合约的函数名、参数等
action:
endorsements: ... //背书者的id组成的数组
proposal_response_payload: ... //链码模拟执行结果对KV类型状态数据库的读写集
Hyperledger Fabric区块和交易结构解析
