Apache负载均衡请求至Tomcat并session保持

原创

宋鹏超 2013-09-30 22:45:22 博主文章分类：linux服务 ©著作权

文章标签 java 服务器 local version 文章分类 负载均衡服务器

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实验环境：

系统：centos6.4

Apache 172.16.4.7

Tomcat1 172.16.4.5 jdk-7u9-linux-x64.rpm apache-tomcat-7.0.42.tar.gz

Tomcat2 172.16.4.11 jdk-7u9-linux-x64.rpm apache-tomcat-7.0.42.tar.gz

一、在后端服务器上安装 tomcat、jdk

1、安装jdk

#rmp -ivh jdk-7u9-linux-x64.rpm

# vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest

export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

#. /etc/profile.d/java.sh

# java -version

2、安装部署tomcat

# tar xf apache-tomcat-7.0.42.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

# cd /usr/local/

# ln -sv apache-tomcat-7.0.42 tomcat

# vim /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh

export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat

export PATH=$CATALINA_HOME/bin:$PATH

#. /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh

3、为Tomcat提供SysV脚本

# vim /etc/init.d/tomcat

#!/bin/sh

# Tomcat init script for Linux.

# chkconfig: 2345 96 14

# description: The Apache Tomcat servlet/JSP container.

CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat

export CATALINA_HOME

# export CATALINA_OPTS="-Xms128m -Xmx256m"

exec $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh $*

#chmod +x /etc/init.d/tomcat

# chkconfig --add tomcat

#service tomcat start

二、修改配置文件

1、修改修改配置/usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml

<Connector port="80" protocol="HTTP/1.1" #修改端口

connectionTimeout="20000"

redirectPort="8443" />

找到host添加

<Host name="www.test.com" appBase="/tocat/app1"

unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"

prefix="test_access_log." suffix=".txt"

pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />

</Host>

<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"

unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

#vim tomcat-users.xml 加用户

-->

# mkdir /tomcat/app1 -pv

2、添加测试文件 index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
 <head><title>TomcatA</title></head>
 <body>
  <h1><font color="red">TomcatA </font></h1>
  <table align="centre" border="1">
   <tr>
    <td>Session ID</td>
  <% session.setAttribute("abc","abc"); %>
    <td><%= session.getId() %></td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
    <td>Created on</td>
    <td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
   </tr>
  </table>
 </body>
</html>

#service tomcat stop

#service tomcat start

3、测试一下

4、配置另外一台tomcat服务，和前面配置的tomcatA相同，只需要修改特定的选项

# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml

找到host添加

其他的和前面配置相同

5、添加测试文件

# mkdir /tomcat/app1 -pv

#vim index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
 <head><title>TomcatB</title></head>
 <body>
  <h1><font color="blue">TomcatB </font></h1>
  <table align="centre" border="1">
   <tr>
    <td>Session ID</td>
  <% session.setAttribute("abc","abc"); %>
    <td><%= session.getId() %></td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
    <td>Created on</td>
    <td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
   </tr>
  </table>
 </body>
</html>

三、安装配置apache代理单台tomcat服务

1、编译安装参考博客http://qidian510.blog.51cto.com/7319882/1282663

首先我们要安装apr和apr-util

下载地址http://apr.apache.org/和http://apr.apache.org/

(1) 编译安装apr

# tar xf apr-1.4.6.tar.bz2

# cd apr-1.4.6

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr

# make && make install

(2) 编译安装apr-util

# tar xf apr-util-1.5.2.tar.bz2

# cd apr-util-1.5.2

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr

# make && make install

编译安装apache

# yum install -y pcre-devel openssl-devel

#tar xf httpd-2.4.6.tar.bz2

#cd httpd-2.4.6

--enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=event --enable-proxy --enable-proxy-http --enable-proxy-ajp --enable-proxy-balancer --enable-lbmethod-heartbeat --enable-heartbeat --enable-slotmem-shm --enable-slotmem-plain --enable-watchdog

# make && make install

2、配置服务

# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd

apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl

httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd}

prog=httpd

pidfile=${PIDFILE-/usr/local/apache/logs/httpd.pid}

lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}

RETVAL=0

STOP_TIMEOUT=${STOP_TIMEOUT-10}

给其执行权限，添加服务并且设定为自动运行

#chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd

#chkconfig --add httpd

#chkconfig httpd on

# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so       #启用模块
在最后添加
ProxyVia Off
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPreserveHost Off
<Proxy *>
  Require all granted
</Proxy>
 ProxyPass / ajp://172.16.4.5:8009/
 ProxyPassReverse / ajp://172.16.4.5:8009/
<Location / >
  Require all granted
</Location>

如上apache相关指令说明：

ProxyPreserveHost {On|Off}：如果启用此功能，代理会将用户请求报文中的Host:行发送给后端的服务器，而不再使用ProxyPass指定的服务器地址。如果需要反向代理中支持虚拟主机，则开启此项。

ProxyVia {On|Off|Full|Block}：用于控制在http首部是否使用Via:。默认为Off，即不启用此功能；On表示每个请求和响应报文均添加Via:；Full表示每个Via:行都会添加当前apache服务器的版本号信息；Block表示每个代理请求报文中的Via：都会被移除。

ProxyRequests {On|Off}：是否开启apache正向代理的功能；启用此项时为了代理http协议必须启用mod_proxy_http模块。同时，如果为apache设置了ProxyPass，则必须将ProxyRequests设置为Off。

ProxyPass [path] !|url [key=value key=value ...]]：将后端服务器某URL与当前服务器的某虚拟路径关联起来作为提供服务的路径，path为当前服务器上的某虚拟路径，url为后端服务器上某URL路径。使用此指令时必须将ProxyRequests的值设置为Off

ProxyPassReverse：用于让apache调整HTTP重定向响应报文中的Location、Content-Location及URI标签所对应的URL，在反向代理环境中必须使用此指令避免重定向报文绕过proxy服务器。

注：和ajp结合比http性能好

# service httpd configtest

# service httpd start

3、访问测试

四、配置代理多台tomcat实现负载均衡

1、修改配置文件/usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

前面配置相同，在最后添加

ProxyVia Off

ProxyRequests Off

ProxyPreserveHost Off

BalancerMember ajp://172.16.4.5:8009/

BalancerMember ajp://172.16.4.11:8009/

</proxy>

Require all granted

</Proxy>

ProxyPass / balancer://lbcluster1/

ProxyPassReverse / balancer://lbcluster1/

Require all granted

</Location>

2、配置完成重启服务并测试

#service httpd restart

五、配置代理多台tomcat负载均衡并session保持

1、修改配置文件/etc/httpd/conf.d/mod_proxy.conf

ProxyVia On
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPreserveHost Off
<Proxy balancer: //lbcluster1 >
BalancerMember  http: //172.16.4.5:8080 loadfactor=1
BalancerMember  http: //172.16.4.11:8080 loadfactor=1
ProxySet  lbmethod=bytraffic
< /Proxy >
<Proxy *>
   Order allow,deny
   Allow from all
< /Proxy >
ProxyPass / balancer: //lbcluster1/
ProxyPassReverse / balancer: //lbcluster1/
<Location />
   Order allow,deny
   Allow from all
< /Location >

2.修改tmcat配置

vim  /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml  
<Cluster className= "org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
                  channelSendOptions= "8" >
           <Manager className= "org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
                    expireSessionsOnShutdown= "false"
                    notifyListenersOnReplication= "true" />
           <Channel className= "org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel" >
             <Membership className= "org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
                         address= "228.0.0.4"     #组播地址要保持一致
                         port= "45564"
                         frequency= "500"
                         dropTime= "3000" />
             <Receiver className= "org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
                       address= "172.16.4.5"     #主机IP地址，也可以使用auto
                       port= "4000"
                       autoBind= "100"
                       selectorTimeout= "5000"
                       maxThreads= "6" />
             <Sender className= "org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter" >
               <Transport className= "org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender" />
             < /Sender >
             <Interceptor className= "org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector" />
             <Interceptor className= "org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor" />
           < /Channel >
           <Valve className= "org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
                  filter= "" />
           <Valve className= "org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve" />
           <Deployer className= "org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
                     tempDir= "/tmp/war-temp/"
                     deployDir= "/tmp/war-deploy/"
                     watchDir= "/tmp/war-listen/"
                     watchEnabled= "false" />
           <ClusterListener className= "org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener" />
           <ClusterListener className= "org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener" />
         < /Cluster >
注释：以上内容在“<Engine>”标签中添加，对所有主机生效；也可以添加在“<Host>”标签中，对当前主机生效

 mkdir /tomcat/app1/WEB-INF    #创建"WEB-INF"目录
 cp /usr/local/tomcat/conf/web.xml /tomcat/app1/WEB-INF/    #为此网站提供一个"web.xml"文件


vim /tomcat/app1/WEB-INF/web.xml
<web-app xmlns= "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
   xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http: //java .sun.com /xml/ns/javaee
                       http: //java .sun.com /xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0 .xsd"
   version= "3.0" >
<distributable/>                       #添加此行内容
< /web-app >

2、配置完成重启服务并测试

分别重启apache服务和tomcat服务，然后测试验证。