F.4: If a function may have to be evaluated at compile time, declare it ​​constexpr(如果函数有可能需要编译时计算,将它定义为constexpr)​

 

关于constexpr的基础知识,可以参照以下链接:

​https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Y_pEIVO8H6u-fpPczJU5Mw​

Reason(原因)

​constexpr​​ is needed to tell the compiler to allow compile-time evaluation.

希望告诉编译器允许编译时计算的时候需要使用constexpr。

Example(示例)

The (in)famous factorial:

以下是(非)著名的阶乘算法:

 

constexpr int fac(int n){    constexpr int max_exp = 17;      // constexpr enables max_exp to be used in Expects    Expects(0 <= n && n < max_exp);  // prevent silliness and overflow    int x = 1;    for (int i = 2; i <= n; ++i) x *= i;    return x;}

This is C++14. For C++11, use a recursive formulation of ​​fac()​​.

这是C++14中的做法。对于C++11,使用递归形式的fac()。

Note(注意)

​constexpr​​ does not guarantee compile-time evaluation; it just guarantees that the function can be evaluated at compile time for constant expression arguments if the programmer requires it or the compiler decides to do so to optimize.

常数表达式不会保证编译时计算;它只是表示如果函数的参数为常数表达式,而且程序员希望或者编译器判断这么做的情况下可以在编译时计算。


 


 

constexpr int min(int x, int y) { return x < y ? x : y; }
void test(int v){ int m1 = min(-1, 2); // probably compile-time evaluation constexpr int m2 = min(-1, 2); // compile-time evaluation int m3 = min(-1, v); // run-time evaluation constexpr int m4 = min(-1, v); // error: cannot evaluate at compile time}


 


Note(注意)

Don't try to make all functions ​​constexpr​​. Most computation is best done at run time.

不要试图将所有的函数指定为constexpr。大部分计算更适合在执行时进行。

Note(注意)

Any API that may eventually depend on high-level run-time configuration or business logic should not be made ​​constexpr​​​. Such customization can not be evaluated by the compiler, and any ​​constexpr​​​ functions that depended upon that API would have to be refactored or drop ​​constexpr​​.

任何最终依靠高层次实时配置或者商业逻辑的API都不应该被指定为constexpr。这样的定制无法在编译时进行,依赖这个API的任何constexpr函数必须重构或者去掉constexpr属性。

Enforcement(实施建议)

Impossible and unnecessary. The compiler gives an error if a non-​​constexpr​​ function is called where a constant is required.

不可能也不必要。如果需要一个常量结果而非constexpr函数被调用的话,编译器会报错。

 


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