安装数据库的时候,需要加扩展命令,添加所有字符集
# ./ configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --with-charset=gbk --with-extra-charset=all
测试是否支持gbk编码:
set names gbk;
查看数据库的编码
mysql> show character set;
创建数据库,使用gbk编码
create database infosww default character set 'gbk';
导入数据,使UTF-8编码方式连接
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p ypk --default-character-set=utf8 < ypk.sql
查看修改字符集
(1)查看数据库默认的字符集
Mysql > show variables like 'character\_set\_%';
显示
+--------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+--------+
| character_set_client | latin1 |
| character_set_connection | latin1 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | latin1 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
+--------------------------+--------+
(2)查看某个表的字符集
Mysql > show create table 表名;
(3)修改表的字符集
Mysql > ALTER TABLE tbl_name CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET charset_name
如
Mysql > alter table 表名 convert to CHARACTER set gbk;
(4)查看某个库的字符集
Mysql> show create database 库名;
Mysql> alter database 库名 default character set gbk;
Mysql查看可用的字符串
Mysql > SHOW CHARACTER SET; //列出可用的字符串
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 |
| dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 |
| cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 |
| hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 |
| koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 |
| latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 |
查看mysql支持的存储引擎:
mysql> show engines;
查看myslq默认的存储引擎:
mysql> show variables like '%storage_engine%';
查看表的具体引擎:
mysql> show table status like 'user' \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Name: user
Engine: MyISAM
Version: 10
Row_format: Dynamic
Rows: 7
Avg_row_length: 68
Data_length: 480
Max_data_length: 281474976710655
Index_length: 2048
Data_free: 0
Auto_increment: NULL
Create_time: 2012-07-02 18:21:30
Update_time: 2012-07-03 14:39:15
Check_time: NULL
Collation: utf8_bin
Checksum: NULL
Create_options:
Comment: Users a
二、创建Mysql用户
创建用户并给其权限
grant all on 库名.* to 用户@localhost identified by '密码';
创建远程用户
grant all privileges on *.* to sj@'%' identified by 'xywyclient123' with grant option;
example:
grant all privileges on ysq_xspace.* to clubuser@xxx.xxx.156.202 identified by "clubuser&(*";
删除用户
delete from user WHERE User="phplamp" and Host="localhost";
flush privileges;
设置用户访问权限和取消
grant all privileges on *.* to sum@192.168.0.97 identified by 'mima' with grant option;
use mysql;
update db set host = ''localhost' where user = ''用户名'';
//如果写成 host=localhost 那此用户就不具有远程访问权限
flush privileges;
给多个数据库相同的用户权限
grant all on `cmsv53_%`.* to cmsdb_209@xxx.xxx.xxx209 identified by 'cmsv53_2010%^*'
// 这里使用`` 而不是’’引号,对所有cmsv53_开头的数据库给同一个用户权限。
设置用户多权限
grant process,super on *.* to cacti@xxx.xxx.xxx.211 identified by 'cacti';
//将process和super权限赋予cacti
查询远程用户的权限 见十三也可。
use mysql;
select host,user,password from user; 这里列出来的用户的所有列表
show grants for root@localhost;
附加:下面详细介绍下mysql权限如果给用户多个权限 +“,” 即可。
一.权限表
mysql数据库中的3个权限表:user 、db、 host
权限表的存取过程是:
1)先从user表中的host、 user、 password这3个字段中判断连接的IP、用户名、密码是否存在表中,存在则通过身份验证;
2)通过权限验证,进行权限分配时,按照userdbtables_privcolumns_priv的顺序进行分配。即先检查全局权限表
user,如果user中对应的权限为Y,则此用户对所有数据库的权限都为Y,将不再检查db,
tables_priv,columns_priv;如果为N,则到db表中检查此用户对应的具体数据库,并得到db中为Y的权限;如果db中为N,则检
查tables_priv中此数据库对应的具体表,取得表中的权限Y,以此类推。
二.MySQL各种权限(共27个)
(以下操作都是以root身份登陆进行grant授权,以p1@localhost身份登陆执行各种命令。)
1. usage
连接(登陆)权限,建立一个用户,就会自动授予其usage权限(默认授予)。
mysql> grant usage on *.* to ‘p1′@’localhost’ identified by ‘123′;
该权限只能用于数据库登陆,不能执行任何操作;且usage权限不能被回收,也即REVOKE用户并不能删除用户。
2. select
必须有select的权限,才可以使用select table
mysql> grant select on pyt.* to ‘p1′@’localhost’;
mysql> select * from shop;
3. create
必须有create的权限,才可以使用create table
mysql> grant create on pyt.* to ‘p1′@’localhost’;
4. create routine
必须具有create routine的权限,才可以使用{create |alter|drop} {procedure|function}
mysql> grant create routine on pyt.* to ‘p1′@’localhost’;
当授予create routine时,自动授予EXECUTE, ALTER ROUTINE权限给它的创建者:
mysql> show grants for ‘p1′@’localhost’;
+—————————————————————————+
Grants for p1@localhost
+————————————————————————–+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO ‘p1′@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD ‘*23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257′ |
| GRANT SELECT, CREATE, CREATE ROUTINE ON `pyt`.* TO ‘p1′@’localhost’|
| GRANT EXECUTE, ALTER ROUTINE ON PROCEDURE `pyt`.`pro_shop1` TO ‘p1′@’localhost’ |
+————————————————————————————-+
5. create temporary tables(注意这里是tables,不是table)
必须有create temporary tables的权限,才可以使用create temporary tables.
mysql> grant create temporary tables on pyt.* to ‘p1′@’localhost’;
[mysql@mydev ~]$ mysql -h localhost -u p1 -p pyt
mysql> create temporary table tt1(id int);
6. create view
必须有create view的权限,才可以使用create view
mysql> grant create view on pyt.* to ‘p1′@’localhost’;
mysql> create view v_shop as select price from shop;
7. create user
要使用CREATE USER,必须拥有mysql数据库的全局CREATE USER权限,或拥有INSERT权限。
mysql> grant create user on *.* to ‘p1′@’localhost’;
或:mysql> grant insert on *.* to p1@localhost;
8. insert
必须有insert的权限,才可以使用insert into ….. values….
9. alter
必须有alter的权限,才可以使用alter table
alter table shop modify dealer char(15);
10. alter routine
必须具有alter routine的权限,才可以使用{alter |drop} {procedure|function}
mysql>grant alter routine on pyt.* to ‘p1′@’ localhost ‘;
mysql> drop procedure pro_shop;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> revoke alter routine on pyt.* from ‘p1′@’localhost’;
[mysql@mydev ~]$ mysql -h localhost -u p1 -p pyt
mysql> drop procedure pro_shop;
ERROR 1370 (42000): alter routine command denied to user ‘p1′@’localhost’ for routine ‘pyt.pro_shop’
11. update
必须有update的权限,才可以使用update table
mysql> update shop set price=3.5 where article=0001 and dealer=’A';
12. delete
必须有delete的权限,才可以使用delete from ….where….(删除表中的记录)
13. drop
必须有drop的权限,才可以使用drop database db_name; drop table tab_name;
drop view vi_name; drop index in_name;
14. show database
通过show database只能看到你拥有的某些权限的数据库,除非你拥有全局SHOW DATABASES权限。
对于p1@localhost用户来说,没有对mysql数据库的权限,所以以此身份登陆查询时,无法看到mysql数据库:
mysql> show databases;
+——————–+
| Database |
+——————–+
| information_schema|
| pyt |
| test |
+——————–+
15. show view
必须拥有show view权限,才能执行show create view。
mysql> grant show view on pyt.* to p1@localhost;
mysql> show create view v_shop;
16. index
必须拥有index权限,才能执行[create |drop] index
mysql> grant index on pyt.* to p1@localhost;
mysql> create index ix_shop on shop(article);
mysql> drop index ix_shop on shop;
17. excute
执行存在的Functions,Procedures
mysql> call pro_shop1(0001,@a);
+———+
| article |
+———+
| 0001 |
| 0001 |
+———+
mysql> select @a;
+——+
| @a |
+——+
| 2 |
+——+
18. lock tables
必须拥有lock tables权限,才可以使用lock tables
mysql> grant lock tables on pyt.* to p1@localhost;
mysql> lock tables a1 read;
mysql> unlock tables;
19. references
有了REFERENCES权限,用户就可以将其它表的一个字段作为某一个表的外键约束。
20. reload
必须拥有reload权限,才可以执行flush [tables | logs | privileges]
mysql> grant reload on pyt.* to p1@localhost;
ERROR 1221 (HY000): Incorrect usage of DB GRANT and GLOBAL PRIVILEGES
mysql> grant reload on *.* to ‘p1′@’localhost’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush tables;
21. replication client
拥有此权限可以查询master server、slave server状态。
mysql> show master status;
ERROR 1227 (42000): Access denied; you need the SUPER,REPLICATION CLIENT privilege for this operation
mysql> grant Replication client on *.* to p1@localhost;
或:mysql> grant super on *.* to p1@localhost;
mysql> show master status;
+——————+———-+————–+——————+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+——————+———-+————–+——————+
| mysql-bin.000006 | 2111 | | |
+——————+———-+————–+——————+
mysql> show slave status;
22. replication slave
拥有此权限可以查看从服务器,从主服务器读取二进制日志。
mysql> show slave hosts;
ERROR 1227 (42000): Access denied; you need the REPLICATION SLAVE privilege for this operation
mysql> show binlog events;
ERROR 1227 (42000): Access denied; you need the REPLICATION SLAVE privilege for this operation
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to p1@localhost;
mysql> show slave hosts;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql>show binlog events;
+—————+——-+—————-+———–+————-+————–+
| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id| End_log_pos|Info |
+—————+——-+————–+———–+————-+—————+
| mysql-bin.000005 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 98 | Server ver: 5.0.77-log,
Binlog ver: 4 | |mysql-bin.000005|98|Query|1|197|use `mysql`; create
table a1(i int)engine=myisam|
……………………………………
23. Shutdown
关闭MySQL:
[mysql@mydev ~]$ mysqladmin shutdown
重新连接:
[mysql@mydev ~]$ mysql
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can’t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/tmp/mysql.sock’ (2)
[mysql@mydev ~]$ cd /u01/mysql/bin
[mysql@mydev bin]$ ./mysqld_safe &
[mysql@mydev bin]$ mysql
24. grant option
拥有grant option,就可以将自己拥有的权限授予其他用户(仅限于自己已经拥有的权限)
mysql> grant Grant option on pyt.* to p1@localhost;
mysql> grant select on pyt.* to p2@localhost;
25. file
拥有file权限才可以执行 select ..into outfile和load data infile…操作,但是不要把file, process, super权限授予管理员以外的账号,这样存在严重的安全隐患。
mysql> grant file on *.* to p1@localhost;
mysql> load data infile ‘/home/mysql/pet.txt’ into table pet;
26. super
这个权限允许用户终止任何查询;修改全局变量的SET语句;使用CHANGE MASTER,PURGE MASTER LOGS。
mysql> grant super on *.* to p1@localhost;
mysql> purge master logs before ‘mysql-bin.000006′;
27. process
通过这个权限,用户可以执行SHOW PROCESSLIST和KILL命令。默认情况下,每个用户都可以执行SHOW PROCESSLIST命令,但是只能查询本用户的进程。
mysql> show processlist;
+—-+——+———–+——+———+——+——-+——————+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+—-+——+———–+——+———+——+——-+——————+
| 12 | p1 | localhost | pyt | Query | 0 | NULL | show processlist |
+—-+——+———–+——+———+——+——-+——————+
另外,
管理权限(如 super, process, file等)不能够指定某个数据库,on后面必须跟*.*
mysql> grant super on pyt.* to p1@localhost;
ERROR 1221 (HY000): Incorrect usage of DB GRANT and GLOBAL PRIVILEGES
mysql> grant super on *.* to p1@localhost;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
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