函数 | 说明 |
os.system(command) | 返回状态码,执行结果输出到屏幕 |
os.popen(command).read() | 返回执行结果,没有状态码 |
- | - |
subprocess.run() | Python 3.5中新增的函数。执行指定的命令,等待命令执行完成后返回一个包含执行结果的CompletedProcess类的实例 |
subprocess.call() | 执行指定的命令,返回命令执行状态,其功能类似于os.system(cmd) |
subprocess.check_call() | Python 2.5中新增的函数。 执行指定的命令,如果执行成功则返回状态码,否则抛出异常。其功能等价于subprocess.run(…, check=True) |
subprocess.check_output() | Python 2.7中新增的的函数。执行指定的命令,如果执行状态码为0则返回命令执行结果,否则抛出异常 |
subprocess.getoutput(cmd) | 接收字符串格式的命令,执行命令并返回执行结果,其功能类似于os.popen(cmd).read()和commands.getoutput(cmd) |
subprocess.getstatusoutput(cmd) | 执行cmd命令,返回一个元组(命令执行状态, 命令执行结果输出) |
代码示例
import subprocess
import os
cmd = "pwd"
# 返回命令执行状态码,而将命令执行结果输出到屏幕
ret = os.system(cmd)
print("system ret:", ret)
"""
/Users/myproject/mydemo/demo
system ret: 0
"""
# 可以获取命令执行结果,但是无法获取命令执行状态码
ret = os.popen(cmd)
print("popen ret: ", ret.read())
"""
popen ret: /Users/myproject/mydemo/demo
"""
ret = subprocess.run(cmd)
print("run ret: ", ret.returncode)
# run ret: 0
p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
p.wait()
print("Popen ret: ", p.stdout.read())
"""
Popen ret: b'/Users/myproject/mydemo/demo\n'
"""
exitcode, output = subprocess.getstatusoutput(cmd)
print("exitcode: ", exitcode)
print("output: ", output)
"""
exitcode: 0
output: /Users/myproject/mydemo/demo
"""
汇成一个函数
import subprocess
class CommandException(Exception):
pass
def run_cmd(command):
exitcode, output = subprocess.getstatusoutput(command)
if exitcode != 0:
raise CommandException(output)
return output
if __name__ == '__main__':
cmd = "pwd"
print("output: ", run_cmd(cmd))
# output: /Users/myproject/mydemo/demo