一、Oracle 表空间监控
1、创建脚本check_tablespace.sh
Oracle表空间的信息需要SQL语句查询得到，因此，我们首先创建一个获取表空间信息的原始脚本/h ome/oracle/check_tablespace.sh，这个脚本由oracle用户去执行，脚本内容如下：
#!/bin/bash
# tablespace usagep check
source ~/.bash_profile
function check {
sqlplus -S "/ as sysdba" << EOF set linesize 200 set pagesize 200 spool /tmp/ora_tablespace.txt SELECT UPPER(F.TABLESPACE_NAME) "tablespacename", D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB "ALL(G)", D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES "USER(G)", TO_CHAR(ROUND(((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES)*100) / DDF.MAX_BYTES ,2),'990.99') || '%' "P", DDF.MAX_BYTES "MAX(G)" FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, ROUND(SUM(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024 * 1024), 2) TOTAL_BYTES FROM SYS.DBA_FREE_SPACE GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) F, (SELECT DD.TABLESPACE_NAME, ROUND(SUM(DD.BYTES) / (1024 * 1024 * 1024), 2) TOT_GROOTTE_MB FROM SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES DD GROUP BY DD.TABLESPACE_NAME) D, (select tablespace_name,sum(case when maxbytes!='0' then maxbytes/1024/1024/1024 else bytes/1024/1024/1024 end) max_bytes from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name) ddf where D.tablespace_name=F.tablespace_name and d.tablespace_name=ddf.tablespace_name ORDER BY 1; spool off set linesize 100 set pagesize 100 spool /tmp/ora_check.txt select tablespace_name,autoextensible from dba_data_files; spool off quit EOF };check &>/dev/null
执行这个脚本，并生成两个保存有oracle表空间名称信息的文件：/tmp/ora_tablespace.txt和/tmp/ora_autex.txt。
yxtuser@mydb:tmp$ cat ora_tablespace.txt
tablespacename ALL(G) USER(G) P MAX(G)
------------------------------ ---------- ---------- -------- ----------
IM_DATA 334.36 324.71 77.68% 417.999878
IND_SMS_AR_NEW 358.29 226.02 61.18% 369.42186
SYSAUX 11.62 1.24 2.97% 41.7656097
SYSTEM 40.91 .58 1.24% 46.6484222
TBS_ARRIVE_MAX .03 0 0.00% 31.9999847
TBS_ARRIVE_MAX_NEW 540.26 514.12 92.14% 557.999863
TBS_DCAP 86.56 66.56 57.61% 115.531204
TBS_DCAP_INDX .39 .13 0.41% 31.9999847
TBS_PARTITION_01 242.17 216.68 68.62% 315.765579
=====================================================================================
yxtuser@mydb:tmp$ cat ora_check.txt
TABLESPACE_NAME AUT
------------------------------ ---
IND_SMS_AR_NEW NO
TBS_ARRIVE_MAX_NEW NO
IM_DATA NO
USERS YES
SYSAUX YES
IM_DATA YES
SYSTEM YES
TBS_STAT_USER_DATA NO
TBS_DCAP YES
TBS_STAT_USER_DATA NO
IM_DATA NO
IM_DATA NO
TBS_STAT_USER_DATA NO
TBS_USER_ACCT_DATA NO
TBS_PARTITION_06 NO
TBS_USER_ACCT_INDX NO
TBS_PARTITION_01 YES
我们需要把脚本放到oracle用户的crontab计划任务表中，让脚本在后台每5分钟执行一次，一定要保 证计划任务能正常按计划执行，否则这可能会被监控欺骗（监控端获取到的数据一直保持不变）。
oracle@mydb:~$ crontab -l
0 */2 * * * sh /data/tablespace_check.sh
2、创建脚本discovery_oracle_tablespace.sh
通过脚本取得表空间的名字，并转换成json格式的（因为zabbix的自动发现功能获取的数据类型是J SON格式的）。 下面编写一个zabbix自动发现oracle表空间的脚本，我这里的脚本路径是/etc/zabbix/scripts/discov ery_oracle_tablespace.sh。
#!/bin/bash
#zabbix discovery oracle tablespace
table_spaces=(`cat /tmp/ora_tablespace.txt | sed -e "1,3d" -e "/^$/d" -e "/selected/d" | awk '{print $1 }'`)
length=${#table_spaces[@]}
printf "{\n"
printf '\t'"\"data\":["
for ((i=0;i<$length;i++));do printf '\t\t{\n'
printf "\t\t\"{#ORACE_TABLES}\":\"${table_spaces[$i]}\"\n"
printf '\t\t}\n'
if [ $i -lt $[ $length - 1 ] ];then printf '\t\t,\n'
fi done printf "\n\t]\n"
printf "}\n"
3、创建监控项目检测脚本tablespace_check.sh
用于zabbix获取oracle表空间使用率、剩余量和检查是否开启自动扩展。脚本为/etc/zabbix/scripts/tablespace_che ck.sh，脚本内容如下：
#!/bin/bash
# oracle tablespace check
CEHCK_TYPE=$1
TABLESPACE_NAME=$2
function usagepre {
grep "\b$TABLESPACE_NAME\b" /tmp/ora_tablespace.txt | awk '{printf "%.f\n",$3/$5*100}'
}
function available {
grep "\b$TABLESPACE_NAME\b" /tmp/ora_tablespace.txt | awk '{printf "%.f\n",$5-$3}'
}
function check {
if grep "\b$TABLESPACE_NAME\b" /tmp/ora_autex.txt | awk '{print $2} ' | uniq | grep "YES" &>/dev/null;then echo 1
else echo 0
fi
}
case $CEHCK_TYPE in pre)
usagepre ;;
free)
available ;;
check)
check ;;
*)
echo -e "Usage: $0 [pre|fre|check] [TABLESPACE_NAME]"
esac
给创建的脚本添加执行权限。
cd /etc/zabbix/scripts
chmod +x tablespace_check.sh
chmod +x discovery_oracle_tablespace.sh
4、为Zabbix增加监控Key
在Zabbix客户端配置文件/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf增加如下参数：
Include=/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf.d/*.conf
创建文件/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf.d/oracle_tablespace.conf，内容如下：
UserParameter=discovery.oracle.tablespace,/etc/zabbix/scripts/discovery_oracle_tablespace.sh
UserParameter=tablespace.check[*],/etc/zabbix/scripts/tablespace_check.sh $1 $2
重新启动Zabbix客户端服务
service zabbix_agentd restart
5、在Zabbix服务端测试监控Key
测试结果如下，一切正常。
[root@mydb bin]# ./zabbix_get -s 192.168.1.100 -k tablespace.check[pre,SYSTEM]
100
二、Zabbix服务端配置
1、导入监控模板zbx_export_templates.xml内容如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<zabbix_export>
<version>3.4</version>
<date>2018-07-16T02:54:53Z</date>
<groups>
<group>
<name>Templates</name>
</group>
</groups>
<templates>
<template>
<template>Discovery_Oracle_Table_Monitor</template>
<name>Oracle 监控</name>
<description/>
<groups>
<group>
<name>Templates</name>
</group>
</groups>
<applications>
<application>
<name>oracle监控</name>
</application>
</applications>
<items/>
<discovery_rules>
<discovery_rule>
<name>Oracle tablespace discover</name>
<type>0</type>
<snmp_community/>
<snmp_oid/>
<key>discovery.oracle.tablespace</key>
<delay>30s</delay>
<status>0</status>
<allowed_hosts/>
<snmpv3_contextname/>
<snmpv3_securityname/>
<snmpv3_securitylevel>0</snmpv3_securitylevel>
<snmpv3_authprotocol>0</snmpv3_authprotocol>
<snmpv3_authpassphrase/>
<snmpv3_privprotocol>0</snmpv3_privprotocol>
<snmpv3_privpassphrase/>
<params/>
<ipmi_sensor/>
<authtype>0</authtype>
<username/>
<password/>
<publickey/>
<privatekey/>
<port/>
<filter>
<evaltype>0</evaltype>
<formula/>
<conditions/>
</filter>
<lifetime>30d</lifetime>
<description/>
<item_prototypes>
<item_prototype>
<name>Oracle tablespace:,{#ORACE_TABLES} 是否自动扩展</name>
<type>0</type>
<snmp_community/>
<snmp_oid/>
<key>tablespace.check[check,{#ORACE_TABLES}]</key>
<delay>1h</delay>
<history>90d</history>
<trends>365d</trends>
<status>1</status>
<value_type>3</value_type>
<allowed_hosts/>
<units/>
<snmpv3_contextname/>
<snmpv3_securityname/>
<snmpv3_securitylevel>0</snmpv3_securitylevel>
<snmpv3_authprotocol>0</snmpv3_authprotocol>
<snmpv3_authpassphrase/>
<snmpv3_privprotocol>0</snmpv3_privprotocol>
<snmpv3_privpassphrase/>
<params/>
<ipmi_sensor/>
<authtype>0</authtype>
<username/>
<password/>
<publickey/>
<privatekey/>
<port/>
<description/>
<inventory_link>0</inventory_link>
<applications>
<application>
<name>oracle监控</name>
</application>
</applications>
<valuemap/>
<logtimefmt/>
<preprocessing/>
<jmx_endpoint/>
<application_prototypes/>
<master_item_prototype/>
</item_prototype>
<item_prototype>
<name>Oracle tablespace:{#ORACE_TABLES} 可用大小</name>
<type>0</type>
<snmp_community/>
<snmp_oid/>
<key>tablespace.check[free,{#ORACE_TABLES}]</key>
<delay>1h</delay>
<history>90d</history>
<trends>365d</trends>
<status>1</status>
<value_type>3</value_type>
<allowed_hosts/>
<units/>
<snmpv3_contextname/>
<snmpv3_securityname/>
<snmpv3_securitylevel>0</snmpv3_securitylevel>
<snmpv3_authprotocol>0</snmpv3_authprotocol>
<snmpv3_authpassphrase/>
<snmpv3_privprotocol>0</snmpv3_privprotocol>
<snmpv3_privpassphrase/>
<params/>
<ipmi_sensor/>
<authtype>0</authtype>
<username/>
<password/>
<publickey/>
<privatekey/>
<port/>
<description/>
<inventory_link>0</inventory_link>
<applications>
<application>
<name>oracle监控</name>
</application>
</applications>
<valuemap/>
<logtimefmt/>
<preprocessing/>
<jmx_endpoint/>
<application_prototypes/>
<master_item_prototype/>
</item_prototype>
<item_prototype>
<name>Oracle tablespace:{#ORACE_TABLES} 使用率</name>
<type>0</type>
<snmp_community/>
<snmp_oid/>
<key>tablespace.check[pre,{#ORACE_TABLES}]</key>
<delay>5m</delay>
<history>90d</history>
<trends>365d</trends>
<status>0</status>
<value_type>0</value_type>
<allowed_hosts/>
<units>%</units>
<snmpv3_contextname/>
<snmpv3_securityname/>
<snmpv3_securitylevel>0</snmpv3_securitylevel>
<snmpv3_authprotocol>0</snmpv3_authprotocol>
<snmpv3_authpassphrase/>
<snmpv3_privprotocol>0</snmpv3_privprotocol>
<snmpv3_privpassphrase/>
<params/>
<ipmi_sensor/>
<authtype>0</authtype>
<username/>
<password/>
<publickey/>
<privatekey/>
<port/>
<description/>
<inventory_link>0</inventory_link>
<applications>
<application>
<name>oracle监控</name>
</application>
</applications>
<valuemap/>
<logtimefmt/>
<preprocessing/>
<jmx_endpoint/>
<application_prototypes/>
<master_item_prototype/>
</item_prototype>
</item_prototypes>
<trigger_prototypes>
<trigger_prototype>
<expression>{Discovery_Oracle_Table_Monitor:tablespace.check[pre,{#ORACE_TABLES}].last()}>95</expression>
<recovery_mode>0</recovery_mode>
<recovery_expression/>
<name>{HOST.NAME}数据库表空间：{#ORACE_TABLES}剩余空间低于5%</name>
<correlation_mode>0</correlation_mode>
<correlation_tag/>
<url/>
<status>0</status>
<priority>2</priority>
<description/>
<type>0</type>
<manual_close>0</manual_close>
<dependencies/>
<tags/>
</trigger_prototype>
</trigger_prototypes>
<graph_prototypes/>
<host_prototypes/>
<jmx_endpoint/>
</discovery_rule>
</discovery_rules>
<httptests/>
<macros/>
<templates/>
<screens/>
</template>
</templates>
</zabbix_export>
2、套用新建好的模板应该到需要监控主机
zabbix-teample
三、结果验证
1、等待一段时间的发现之后，我们可以看到主机发现了相关的监控项，并可以执行报警信息。
参考：https://weiyanwei412.github.io/2018/07/16/zabbix%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87Discovery%E6%89%B9%E9%87%8F%E7%9B%91%E6%8E%A7Oracle%E8%A1%A8%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4/
