LAMP架构应用实战——MySQL服务

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民工哥 2020-11-27 17:11:25 ©著作权

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LAMP架构应用实战——MySQL服务

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#MySQL从入门到放弃
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LAMP架构应用实战——MySQL服务

MySQL是一种开源的关系型数据库产品，具有开放式的架构，由瑞典MySQL AB公司开发的，后被SUN公司收购，转至最后被Oracle公司收购 MySQL是传统的关系型数据库，它的开放式架构使得用户有更强的选择性，开源代码也是当下大多互联网公司的选择，MySQL在不断的发展中，功能也越来越强大，性能也越来越好，支持的平台也越来越多

一：MySQL版本

MySQL目前有很多的版本，有以下几种 1、Alpha版本：一般只在软件开发公司内部运行，不对外公开 2、Beta版本：完成功能的开发和所有的测试工作之后的产品，不会存在较大的功能或性能BUG 3、RC版本：属于生产环境发布前的一个版本，是测试版本而收集到的BUG或不足之处，然后进行修复和完善 4、GA版本：软件产品正式发布的版本，生产环境中使用的版本

二：MySQL架构图

三：MySQL常见的安装方式

1、常用的编译安装方式（适用于MySQL 5.5前的版本） 2、免安装方式的安装 3、RPM包的安装方式 4、Cmake方式安装

四：MySQL安装

首先下载安装需要用的软件 ftp://ftp.stu.edu.tw/pub/Unix/Database/Mysql/Downloads/ http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.51.tar.gz https://cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz 选择相应的版本进行下载这里介绍的是cmake方式安装 mysql-5.5.51 1、下载MySQL软件 [root@Centos tools]# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.51.tar.gz --2016-09-19 11:35:32-- http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.51.tar.gz Resolving mirrors.sohu.com... 221.236.12.140 Connecting to mirrors.sohu.com|221.236.12.140|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found Location: http://113.215.21.17:80/1Q2W3E4R5T6Y7U8I9O0P1Z2X3C4V5B/mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.51.tar.gz [following] --2016-09-19 11:35:38-- http://113.215.21.17/1Q2W3E4R5T6Y7U8I9O0P1Z2X3C4V5B/mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.51.tar.gz Connecting to 113.215.21.17:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 21031206 (20M) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: “mysql-5.5.51.tar.gz” 100%[==========================================>] 21,031,206 1.68M/s in 11s
2016-09-19 11:35:49 (1.75 MB/s) - “mysql-5.5.51.tar.gz” saved [21031206/21031206] [root@Centos tools]# ls apr-1.5.2 apr-util-1.5.4 httpd-2.4.23 mysql-5.5.51.tar.gz pcre-8.38.tar.gz apr-1.5.2.tar.gz apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz httpd-2.4.23.tar.gz pcre-8.38 2、下载cmake软件 [root@Centos tools]# wget --no-check-certificate https://cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz --2016-09-19 11:39:35-- https://cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz Resolving cmake.org... 66.194.253.19 Connecting to cmake.org|66.194.253.19|:443... connected. WARNING: certificate common name “*.kitware.com” doesn’t match requested host name “cmake.org”. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 5691656 (5.4M) [application/x-gzip] Saving to: “cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz” 100%[=========================================>] 5,691,656 20.6K/s in 3m 40s
2016-09-19 11:43:22 (25.3 KB/s) - “cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz” saved [5691656/5691656] [root@Centos tools]# ls apr-1.5.2.tar.gz apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz httpd-2.4.23 mysql-5.5.51.tar.gz pcre-8.38.tar.gz apr-1.5.2 apr-util-1.5.4 cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz httpd-2.4.23.tar.gz pcre-8.38

3、解压cmake软件并安装 [root@Centos tools]# tar zxf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz [root@Centos tools]# cd cmake-2.8.8 [root@Centos cmake-2.8.8]# ./configure ---------------------------------------------- 中间内容省略 IR QT_QTCORE_LIBRARY) -- Configuring done -- Generating done -- Build files have been written to: /Downloads/tools/cmake-2.8.8

CMake has bootstrapped. Now run gmake. [root@Centos cmake-2.8.8]# gmake ----------------------------------------------- 中间内容省略 [100%] Building CXX object Tests/FindPackageModeMakefileTest/CMakeFiles/foo.dir/foo.cpp.o Linking CXX static library libfoo.a [100%] Built target foo [root@Centos cmake-2.8.8]# gmake install -------------------------------------------- 中间内容省略 [root@Centos cmake-2.8.8]# echo $? 0 ----------------------------- 查看是否有错误至此cmake软件安装完成

4、在安装MySQL之前先安装下面的组件 [root@Centos tools]# yum install ncurses-devel -y Installed: ncurses-devel.x86_64 0:5.7-4.20090207.el6 Dependency Updated: ncurses-base.x86_64 0:5.7-4.20090207.el6
ncurses-libs.x86_64 0:5.7-4.20090207.el6
Complete!

5、安装配置MySQL 添加用户与用户组 [root@Centos tools]# groupadd mysql [root@Centos tools]# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M 解压软件 [root@Centos tools]# tar zxf mysql-5.5.51.tar.gz [root@Centos tools]# cd mysql-5.5.51 以cmake方式编译安装mysql软件 [root@Centos mysql-5.5.51]# cmake
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.5.51
-DNYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.5.51/data
-DNYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.5.51/tmp/mysql.sock
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=gbk
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=gbk_chinese_ci
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 Manually-specified variables were not used by the project: NYSQL_DATADIR NYSQL_UNIX_ADDR -- Build files have been written to: /Downloads/tools/mysql-5.5.51 [root@Centos mysql-5.5.51]# make ----------------------------------- 中间内容省略 Linking CXX executable my_safe_process [100%] Built target my_safe_process -- Installing: /application/mysql-5.5.51/man/man1/mysql_find_rows.1 -- Installing: /application/mysql-5.5.51/man/man1/resolveip.1 -- Installing: /application/mysql-5.5.51/man/man1/mysqlslap.1 -- Installing: /application/mysql-5.5.51/man/man8/mysqld.8 [root@Centos mysql-5.5.51]# echo $? 0 -------------------------- 查看是否有错误至此MySQL编译安装完成创建一个软链接 [root@Centos mysql-5.5.51]# ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.51/application/mysql 查看配置文件 [root@Centos mysql-5.5.51]# ll support-files/my*.cnf -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4709 Sep 19 13:39 support-files/my-huge.cnf -rw-r--r--. 1 root root19759 Sep19 13:39 support-files/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4683 Sep 19 13:39 support-files/my-large.cnf -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4694 Sep 19 13:39 support-files/my-medium.cnf -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2858 Sep 19 13:39 support-files/my-small.cnf 选择具体的配置文件（生产环境可使用support-files/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf） [root@Centos mysql-5.5.51]# cp support-files/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf cp: overwrite `/etc/my.cnf'? y 配置环境变量 [root@Centos mysql-5.5.51]# echo 'export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH'>>/etc/profile [root@Centos mysql-5.5.51]# tail -1 /etc/profile export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH [root@Centos mysql-5.5.51]# source /etc/profile [root@Centos mysql-5.5.51]# echo $PATH /application/mysql/bin:/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sersync/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/sersync/bin 初始化配置 [root@Centos mysql-5.5.51]# mkdir -p /application/mysql/data 建立数据目录 [root@Centos mysql-5.5.51]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/* 给用户权限可以访问目录 [root@Centos mysql-5.5.51]# chmod -R 1777 /tmp 初始化 [root@Centos mysql-5.5.51]# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data --user=mysql

160919 15:19:47 [Note] /application/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.51) starting as process 26246 ... OK Filling help tables... 160919 15:19:48 [Note] /application/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.51) starting as process 26253 ... OK /application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password' /application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h Centos password 'new-password' -------------------------------------- 中间内容省略 Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/ 如果初始出现错误提示，待解决之后，需删除以下内容 [root@Centos mysql-5.5.51]# rm -rf /application/mysql/data/*

启动服务 [root@Centos mysql-5.5.51]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld 将启动命令放到/etc/init.d/mysqld [root@Centos mysql-5.5.51]# chmod 700 /etc/init.d/mysqld 给定权限 [root@Centos mysql-5.5.51]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start 启动服务 Starting MySQL.... [ OK ] [root@Centos mysql-5.5.51]# chkconfig mysqld on
加入开机自启 [root@Centos mysql-5.5.51]# chkconfig --list mysqld
查看启动情况 mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

五：MySQL登陆

[root@Centos mysql-5.5.51]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.5.51 Source distribution

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

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