在日常开发中，我们经常需要给对象进行赋值，通常会调用其set/get方法，有些时候，如果我们要转换的两个对象之间属性大致相同，会考虑使用属性拷贝工具进行。如我们经常在代码中会对一个数据结构封装成DO、SDO、DTO、VO等，而这些Bean中的大部分属性都是一样的，所以使用属性拷贝类工具可以帮助我们节省大量的set和get操作。市面上有很多类似的工具类，比较常用的有1、Spring BeanUtils 2、Cglib BeanCopier 3、Apache BeanUtils 4、Apache PropertyUtils 5、Dozer那么，我们到底应该选择哪种工具类更加合适呢？为什么阿里巴巴Java开发手册中提到禁止使用Apache BeanUtils呢？
由于篇幅优先，关于这几种工具类的用法及区别，还有到底是什么是浅拷贝和深拷贝不在本文的讨论范围内。本文主要聚焦于对比这几个类库的性能问题。性能对比No Data No BB，我们就来写代码来对比下这几种框架的性能情况。代码示例如下：首先定义一个PersonDO类：public class PersonDO {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Integer age;
private Date birthday;
//省略setter/getter
}再定义一个PersonDTO类：public class PersonDTO {
private String name;
private Integer age;
private Date birthday;
}然后进行测试类的编写：使用Spring BeanUtils进行属性拷贝：
private void mappingBySpringBeanUtils(PersonDO personDO, int times) {
StopWatch stopwatch = new StopWatch();
stopwatch.start();
for (int i = 0; i < times; i++) {
PersonDTO personDTO = new PersonDTO();
org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.copyProperties(personDO, personDTO);
}
stopwatch.stop();
System.out.println("mappingBySpringBeanUtils cost :" + stopwatch.getTotalTimeMillis());
}
private void mappingByCglibBeanCopier(PersonDO personDO, int times) {
StopWatch stopwatch = new StopWatch();
stopwatch.start();
for (int i = 0; i < times; i++) {
PersonDTO personDTO = new PersonDTO();
BeanCopier copier = BeanCopier.create(PersonDO.class, PersonDTO.class, false);
copier.copy(personDO, personDTO, null);
}
stopwatch.stop();
System.out.println("mappingByCglibBeanCopier cost :" + stopwatch.getTotalTimeMillis());
}
private void mappingByApacheBeanUtils(PersonDO personDO, int times)
throws InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
StopWatch stopwatch = new StopWatch();
stopwatch.start();
for (int i = 0; i < times; i++) {
PersonDTO personDTO = new PersonDTO();
BeanUtils.copyProperties(personDTO, personDO);
}
stopwatch.stop();
System.out.println("mappingByApacheBeanUtils cost :" + stopwatch.getTotalTimeMillis());
}
private void mappingByApachePropertyUtils(PersonDO personDO, int times)
throws InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException {
StopWatch stopwatch = new StopWatch();
stopwatch.start();
for (int i = 0; i < times; i++) {
PersonDTO personDTO = new PersonDTO();
PropertyUtils.copyProperties(personDTO, personDO);
}
stopwatch.stop();
System.out.println("mappingByApachePropertyUtils cost :" + stopwatch.getTotalTimeMillis());
}
public static void main(String[] args)
throws InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException {
PersonDO personDO = new PersonDO();
personDO.setName("Hollis");
personDO.setAge(26);
personDO.setBirthday(new Date());
personDO.setId(1);
MapperTest mapperTest = new MapperTest();
mapperTest.mappingBySpringBeanUtils(personDO, 100);
mapperTest.mappingBySpringBeanUtils(personDO, 1000);
mapperTest.mappingBySpringBeanUtils(personDO, 10000);
mapperTest.mappingBySpringBeanUtils(personDO, 100000);
mapperTest.mappingBySpringBeanUtils(personDO, 1000000);
mapperTest.mappingByCglibBeanCopier(personDO, 100);
mapperTest.mappingByCglibBeanCopier(personDO, 1000);
mapperTest.mappingByCglibBeanCopier(personDO, 10000);
mapperTest.mappingByCglibBeanCopier(personDO, 100000);
mapperTest.mappingByCglibBeanCopier(personDO, 1000000);
mapperTest.mappingByApachePropertyUtils(personDO, 100);
mapperTest.mappingByApachePropertyUtils(personDO, 1000);
mapperTest.mappingByApachePropertyUtils(personDO, 10000);
mapperTest.mappingByApachePropertyUtils(personDO, 100000);
mapperTest.mappingByApachePropertyUtils(personDO, 1000000);
mapperTest.mappingByApacheBeanUtils(personDO, 100);
mapperTest.mappingByApacheBeanUtils(personDO, 1000);
mapperTest.mappingByApacheBeanUtils(personDO, 10000);
mapperTest.mappingByApacheBeanUtils(personDO, 100000);
mapperTest.mappingByApacheBeanUtils(personDO, 1000000);
}
| 工具类 | 执行1000次耗时 | 执行10000次耗时 | 执行100000次耗时 | 执行1000000次耗时 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spring BeanUtils | 5ms | 10ms | 45ms | 169ms |
| Cglib BeanCopier | 4ms | 18ms | 45ms | 91ms |
| Apache PropertyUtils | 60ms | 265ms | 1444ms | 11492ms |
| Apache BeanUtils | 138ms | 816ms | 4154ms | 36938ms |
| Dozer | 566ms | 2254ms | 11136ms | 102965ms |
画了一张折线图更方便大家进行对比
综上，我们基本可以得出结论，在性能方面，Spring BeanUtils和Cglib BeanCopier表现比较不错，而Apache PropertyUtils、Apache BeanUtils以及Dozer则表现的很不好。所以，如果考虑性能情况的话，建议大家不要选择Apache PropertyUtils、Apache BeanUtils以及Dozer等工具类。很多人会不理解，为什么大名鼎鼎的Apache开源出来的的类库性能确不高呢？这不像是Apache的风格呀，这背后导致性能低下的原因又是什么呢？其实，是因为Apache BeanUtils力求做得完美, 在代码中增加了非常多的校验、兼容、日志打印等代码，过度的包装导致性能下降严重。总结本文通过对比几种常见的属性拷贝的类库，分析得出了这些工具类的性能情况，最终也验证了《阿里巴巴Java开发手册》中提到的"Apache BeanUtils 效率低"的事实。但是本文只是站在性能这一单一角度进行了对比，我们在选择一个工具类的时候还会有其他方面的考虑，比如使用成本、理解难度、兼容性、可扩展性等，对于这种拷贝类工具类，我们还会考虑其功能是否完善等。就像虽然Dozer性能比较差，但是他可以很好的和Spring结合，可以通过配置文件等进行属性之间的映射等，也受到了很多开发者的喜爱。本文用到的第三方类库的maven依赖如下：
<!--Apache PropertyUtils、Apache BeanUtils-->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId>
<version>1.9.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--Spring PropertyUtils-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>org.springframework.beans</artifactId>
<version>3.1.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--cglib-->
<dependency>
<groupId>cglib</groupId>
<artifactId>cglib-nodep</artifactId>
<version>2.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--dozer-->
<dependency>
<groupId>net.sf.dozer</groupId>
<artifactId>dozer</artifactId>
<version>5.5.1</version>
</dependency>
<!--日志相关-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.7.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jul-to-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>1.7.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>1.7.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>1.7.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-jdk14</artifactId>
<version>1.7.7</version>
</dependency>
-END-
