Python的生产效率极高，通过使用pypiwin32模块可以快速调用windows API函数，结合Python的高效开发能力，同等时间内比C++能更快的达到目标，pypiwin32模块封装了Win32下的常用定义，函数方法等。
该项目地址是：https://github.com/mhammond/pywin32
在Python安装路径下\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\Lib\site-packages 有帮助文档：PyWin32.chm
文件类API在模块win32file中，进程类API在模块win32process中，win32con定义了所有的常量，，一些难以分类的API则在模块win32api中（大部分是kernel32.dll导出的API）
ctypes 调用C库printf打印输出
>>> import ctypes
>>> # cdll = cdecl标准 windll = stdcall标准 linux则是调用 libc.so.6
>>> msvcrt = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary("C:\WINDOWS\system32\msvcrt.dll")
>>> msvcrt = ctypes.cdll.msvcrt
>>>
>>> string = "hello lyshark\n"
>>> string = string.encode("utf-8")
>>> msvcrt.printf(string)
hello lyshark
14
ctypes 调用messagebox输出:
>>> from ctypes import *
>>> user32 = windll.LoadLibrary("user32.dll")
>>> string = "Hello lyshark\n"
>>> string = string.encode("utf-8")
>>>
>>>user32.MessageBoxA(0,string,"ctypes".encode("utf-8"),0)
>>>
>>>user32 = windll.LoadLibrary("user32.dll")
>>>MessageBox = user32.MessageBoxA
>>>print(MessageBox(0,"hello lyshark".encode("utf-8"),"msgbox".encode("utf-8"),0))
ctypes 调用 kernel32
>>> kernel32 = windll.LoadLibrary("kernel32.dll")
>>> CreateProcess = kernel32.CreateProcessA
>>> ReadProcessMemory = kernel32.ReadProcessMemoryctypes 声明结构体
from ctypes import *
class MyStruct(Structure):
_fields_ = [
("username",c_char*10),
("age",c_int),
("sex",c_long)
]
class MyUnion(Union):
_fields_ = [
("a_long",c_long),
("a_int",c_int),
("a_char",c_char*10)
]
MyStruct.username = "lyshark"
MyStruct.age = 22
print(MyStruct.username)
pywin32常用使用方式
>>> import win32api
>>> import win32con
>>>
>>> win32api.MessageBox(0,"hello lyshark","Msgbox",win32con.MB_OK)
1
>>> import win32process
# 打开记事本程序，获得其句柄
>>> handle = win32process.CreateProcess('c:\\windows\\notepad.exe',
'', None , None , 0 ,win32process. CREATE_NO_WINDOW , None , None ,
win32process.STARTUPINFO())
# 使用TerminateProcess函数终止记事本程序
>>> win32process.TerminateProcess(handle[0],0)
>>> import win32event
# 创建进程获得句柄
>>> handle = win32process.CreateProcess('c:\\windows\\notepad.exe',
'', None , None , 0 ,win32process. CREATE_NO_WINDOW , None , None ,
win32process.STARTUPINFO())
# 等待进程结束
>>> win32event.WaitForSingleObject(handle[0], -1)
0 # 进程结束的返回值
>>> import win32api
# 打开记事本程序，在后台运行，即显示记事本程序的窗口
>>> win32api.ShellExecute(0, 'open', 'notepad.exe', '','',0)
鼠标控制
import win32gui
import win32api
获取句柄
hwnd = win32gui.FindWindow(classname, titlename)
获取窗口左上角和右下角坐标
left, top, right, bottom = win32gui.GetWindowRect(hwnd)
获取某个句柄的类名和标题
title = win32gui.GetWindowText(hwnd)
clsname = win32gui.GetClassName(hwnd)
获取父句柄hwnd类名为clsname的子句柄
hwnd1= win32gui.FindWindowEx(hwnd, None, clsname, None)
获取位置
win32api.GetCursorPos()
鼠标定位到(30,50)
win32api.SetCursorPos([30,150])
执行左单键击，若需要双击则延时几毫秒再点击一次即可
win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP | win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, 0, 0, 0, 0)
右键单击
win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTUP | win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTDOWN, 0, 0, 0, 0)
发送回车键
win32api.keybd_event(13,0,0,0)
win32api.keybd_event(13,0,win32con.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP,0)
关闭窗口
win32gui.PostMessage(win32lib.findWindow(classname, titlename), win32con.WM_CLOSE, 0, 0)
鼠标左右键判断
import win32api
import win32con
b = (0,0)
# win32api.GetAsyncKeyState(win32con.VK_LMENU)
# VK_LBUTTON 鼠标左键
# VK_RBUTTON 鼠标右键
# https://baike.baidu.com/item/GetAsyncKeyState/918387?fr=aladdin
for i in range(100):
a = win32api.GetCursorPos()
if a != b:
b = a
print(a)
else:
print("xx")
time.sleep(1)
将上面代码有趣的组合在一起，可以搞事情了，部分片段。
def Write_Dictionaries(LogName,Dict):
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
format = "%(asctime)s --> %(message)s",
datefmt = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
filename = LogName,
filemode = "a+")
logging.info(str(Dict))
def RecordingScript(LogName,Sleep):
temp = (0,0)
mose = {"Pos_x":0, "Pos_y":0, "MouseL":0, "MouseR":0}
while True:
Position = win32api.GetCursorPos()
MouseLeft = win32api.GetAsyncKeyState(win32con.VK_LBUTTON)
MouseRight = win32api.GetAsyncKeyState(win32con.VK_RBUTTON)
if Position != temp or MouseLeft!=0 or MouseRight!=0:
temp = Position
mose["Pos_x"] = Position[0]
mose["Pos_y"] = Position[1]
mose["MouseL"] = MouseLeft
mose["MouseR"] = MouseRight
Write_Dictionaries(LogName,mose)
time.sleep(int(Sleep))
def writelog():
with open("aaa.log","r",encoding="utf-8") as fp:
b = [ item.split(" --> ")[1] for item in fp.readlines()]
for i in b:
dic = eval（i.replace("\n",""))
win32api.SetCursorPos(bos)
print("坐标:{}".format(bos))
遍历进程模块： 便利进程的模块
import os,sys
import win32api
import win32con
import win32process
handle = win32api.OpenProcess(win32con.PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, False, pid ===> 10992 )
hModule = win32process.EnumProcessModules(handle)
temp=[]
for i in hModule:
print(win32process.GetModuleFileNameEx(handle,i))
win32api.CloseHandle(handle)
调用createprocess:
CreateProcess调用
appName：可执行的文件名。
commandLine：命令行参数。
processAttributes：进程安全属性，如果为None，则为默认的安全属性。
threadAttributes：线程安全属性，如果为None，则为默认的安全属性。
bInheritHandles：继承标志。
dwCreationFlags：创建标志。
newEnvironment：创建进程的环境变量。
currentDirectory：进程的当前目录。
startupinfo ：创建进程的属性。
WaitForSingleObject(handle, milisecond)
handle : 要操作的进程句柄
milisecond: 等待的时间,如果为-1,则一直等待.
>>> import win32process
>>> handle=win32process.CreateProcess("d://run.exe", '', None , None , 0 ,win32process.CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE , None , None ,win32process.STARTUPINFO())
>>> win32event.WaitForSingleObject(handle[0],2)
枚举部分进程模块
import win32process
import win32api
import win32con
from ctypes import *
import ctypes
def GetProcessModules( pid ):
handle = win32api.OpenProcess(win32con.PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, False, pid )
hModule = win32process.EnumProcessModules(handle)
temp=[]
for i in hModule:
temp.append([hex(i),win32process.GetModuleFileNameEx(handle,i)])
win32api.CloseHandle(handle)
return temp
temp = GetProcessModules(5852)
for x in temp:
print("[+] 模块地址: {} ------> 模块名称: {}".format(x[0],x[1]))
取出进程PID
handle = win32gui.FindWindow(0,ClassName)
threadpid, procpid = win32process.GetWindowThreadProcessId(handle)
ProcessModule = GetProcessModules(int(procpid))
枚举所有窗口句柄
import win32gui
hwnd_title = dict()
def get_all_hwnd(hwnd,mouse):
if win32gui.IsWindow(hwnd) and win32gui.IsWindowEnabled(hwnd) and win32gui.IsWindowVisible(hwnd):
hwnd_title.update({hwnd:win32gui.GetWindowText(hwnd)})
win32gui.EnumWindows(get_all_hwnd, 0)
for h,t in hwnd_title.items():
print(h, t)
shellexec 打开网页或文件
win32api.ShellExecute(None, "open", "C:\\Test.txt", None, None, SW_SHOWNORMAL) # 打开C:\Test.txt 文件
win32api.ShellExecute(None, "open", "http:#www.google.com", None, None, SW_SHOWNORMAL) # 打开网页www.google.com
win32api.ShellExecute(None, "explore", "D:\\C++", None, None, SW_SHOWNORMAL) # 打开目录D:\C++
win32api.ShellExecute(None, "print", "C:\\Test.txt", None, None, SW_HIDE) # 打印文件C:\Test.txt
win32api.ShellExecute(None,"open", "mailto:", None, None, SW_SHOWNORMAL) # 打开邮箱
win32api.ShellExecute(None, "open", "calc.exe", None, None, SW_SHOWNORMAL) # 调用计算器
win32api.ShellExecute(None, "open", "NOTEPAD.EXE", None, None, SW_SHOWNORMAL) # 调用记事本
窗口句柄操作： 代码来自：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/76168918
import time
import win32gui
import win32api
import win32con
"""
该类实现了:查找(定位)句柄信息，菜单信息
"""
class HandleMenu(object):
def __init__(self, cls_name=None, title=None):
self.handle = win32gui.FindWindow(cls_name, title)
self.window_list = []
def call_back(self, sub_handle, sub_handles): # Edit 20de0
"""遍历子窗体"""
title = win32gui.GetWindowText(sub_handle)
cls_name = win32gui.GetClassName(sub_handle)
print(title, '+', cls_name)
position = win32gui.GetWindowRect(sub_handle)
aim_point = round(position[0] + (position[2] - position[0]) / 2), round(
position[1] + (position[3] - position[1]) / 2)
win32api.SetCursorPos(aim_point)
time.sleep(1)
# 鼠标点击
# win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, 0, 0)
# time.sleep(0.05)
# win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, 0, 0)
# time.sleep(0.05)
# ComboBox - ---------
# Edit - ---------
if cls_name == 'ComboBox':
win32gui.SendMessage(sub_handle, win32con.WM_SETTEXT, None, '902723')
time.sleep(1)
sub_handles.append({'cls_name': cls_name, 'title': title})
return True
def get_sub_handles(self):
"""通过父句柄获取子句柄"""
sub_handles = []
win32gui.EnumChildWindows(self.handle, self.call_back, sub_handles)
print(sub_handles)
return sub_handles
def get_menu_text(self, menu, idx):
import win32gui_struct
mii, extra = win32gui_struct.EmptyMENUITEMINFO() # 新建一个win32gui的空的结构体mii
win32gui.GetMenuItemInfo(menu, idx, True, mii) # 将子菜单内容获取到mii
ftype, fstate, wid, hsubmenu, hbmpchecked, hbmpunchecked, \
dwitemdata, text, hbmpitem = win32gui_struct.UnpackMENUITEMINFO(mii) # 解包mii
return text
def get_menu(self):
"""menu操作（记事本）"""
menu = win32gui.GetMenu(self.handle)
menu1 = win32gui.GetSubMenu(menu, 0) # 第几个菜单 0-第一个
cmd_ID = win32gui.GetMenuItemID(menu1, 3) # 第几个子菜单
win32gui.PostMessage(self.handle, win32con.WM_COMMAND, cmd_ID, 0)
menu_text1 = [self.get_menu_text(menu, i) for i in range(5)]
menu_text2 = [self.get_menu_text(menu1, i) for i in range(9)]
print(menu_text1)
print(menu_text2)
def get_all_window_info(self, hwnd, nouse):
# 去掉下面这句就所有都输出了，但是我不需要那么多
if win32gui.IsWindow(hwnd) and win32gui.IsWindowEnabled(hwnd) and win32gui.IsWindowVisible(hwnd):
# 设置为最前窗口
win32gui.SetForegroundWindow(hwnd)
# 获取某个句柄的标题和类名
title = win32gui.GetWindowText(hwnd)
cls_name = win32gui.GetClassName(hwnd)
d = {'类名': cls_name, '标题': title}
info = win32gui.GetWindowRect(hwnd)
aim_point = round(info[0] + (info[2] - info[0]) / 2), round(info[1] + (info[3] - info[1]) / 2)
win32api.SetCursorPos(aim_point)
time.sleep(2)
self.window_list.append(d)
def get_all_windows(self):
"""获取所有活动窗口的类名、标题"""
win32gui.EnumWindows(self.get_all_window_info, 0)
return self.window_list
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 1.通过父句柄获取子句柄
# hm=HandleMenu(title='另存为')
# hm.get_sub_handles()
# 2.menu操作
# hm=HandleMenu(title='aa - 记事本')
# hm.get_menu()
# 3.获取所有活动窗口的类名、标题
hm = HandleMenu()
hm.get_all_windows()
鼠标操作 ：
import win32api
import win32gui
import win32con
import win32print
import time
# 1 获取句柄
# 1.1 通过坐标获取窗口句柄
handle = win32gui.WindowFromPoint(win32api.GetCursorPos()) # (259, 185)
# 1.2 获取最前窗口句柄
handle = win32gui.GetForegroundWindow()
# 1.3 通过类名或查标题找窗口
handle = win32gui.FindWindow('cls_name', "title")
# 1.4 找子窗体
sub_handle = win32gui.FindWindowEx(handle, None, 'Edit', None) # 子窗口类名叫“Edit”
# 句柄操作
title = win32gui.GetWindowText(handle)
cls_name = win32gui.GetClassName(handle)
print({'类名': cls_name, '标题': title})
# 获取窗口位置
info = win32gui.GetWindowRect(handle)
# 设置为最前窗口
win32gui.SetForegroundWindow(handle)
# 2.按键-看键盘码
# 获取鼠标当前位置的坐标
cursor_pos = win32api.GetCursorPos()
# 将鼠标移动到坐标处
win32api.SetCursorPos((200, 200))
# 回车
win32api.keybd_event(13, 0, win32con.KEYEVENTF_EXTENDEDKEY, 0)
win32api.keybd_event(13, 0, win32con.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, 0)
# 左单键击
win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP | win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, 0, 0, 0, 0)
# 右键单击
win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTUP | win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTDOWN, 0, 0, 0, 0)
# 鼠标左键按下-放开
win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, 0, 0, 0, 0)
win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, 0, 0, 0, 0)
# 鼠标右键按下-放开
win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, 0, 0, 0, 0)
win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, 0, 0, 0, 0)
# TAB键
win32api.keybd_event(win32con.VK_TAB, 0, 0, 0)
win32api.keybd_event(win32con.VK_TAB, 0, win32con.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, 0)
# 快捷键Alt+F
win32api.keybd_event(18, 0, 0, 0) # Alt
win32api.keybd_event(70, 0, 0, 0) # F
win32api.keybd_event(70, 0, win32con.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, 0) # 释放按键
win32api.keybd_event(18, 0, win32con.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, 0)
# 3.Message
win = win32gui.FindWindow('Notepad', None)
tid = win32gui.FindWindowEx(win, None, 'Edit', None)
# 输入文本
win32gui.SendMessage(tid, win32con.WM_SETTEXT, None, '你好hello word!')
# 确定
win32gui.SendMessage(handle, win32con.WM_COMMAND, 1, btnhld)
# 关闭窗口
win32gui.PostMessage(win32gui.FindWindow('Notepad', None), win32con.WM_CLOSE, 0, 0)
# 回车
win32gui.PostMessage(tid, win32con.WM_KEYDOWN, win32con.VK_RETURN, 0) # 插入一个回车符,post 没有返回值，执行完马上返回
win32gui.PostMessage(tid, win32con.WM_KEYDOWN, win32con.VK_RETURN, 0)
print("%x" % win)
print("%x" % tid)
# 选项框
res = win32api.MessageBox(None, "Hello Pywin32", "pywin32", win32con.MB_YESNOCANCEL)
print(res)
win32api.MessageBox(0, "Hello PYwin32", "MessageBox", win32con.MB_OK | win32con.MB_ICONWARNING) # 加警告标志
针对PDF处理：
from win32con import SW_HIDE, SW_SHOWNORMAL
for fn in ['2.txt', '3.txt']:
print(fn)
res = win32api.ShellExecute(0, # 指定父窗口句柄
'print', # 指定动作, 譬如: open、print、edit、explore、find
fn, # 指定要打开的文件或程序
win32print.GetDefaultPrinter(),
# 给要打开的程序指定参数;GetDefaultPrinter 取得默认打印机名称 <type 'str'>,GetDefaultPrinterW 取得默认打印机名称 <type 'unicode'>
"./downloads/", # 目录路径
SW_SHOWNORMAL) # 打开选项,SW_HIDE = 0; {隐藏},SW_SHOWNORMAL = 1; {用最近的大小和位置显示, 激活}
print(res) # 返回值大于32表示执行成功,返回值小于32表示执行错误
# 打印 -pdf
def print_pdf(pdf_file_name):
"""
静默打印pdf
:param pdf_file_name:
:return:
"""
# GSPRINT_PATH = resource_path + 'GSPRINT\\gsprint'
GHOSTSCRIPT_PATH = resource_path + 'GHOSTSCRIPT\\bin\\gswin32c' # gswin32c.exe
currentprinter = config.printerName # "printerName":"FUJI XEROX ApeosPort-VI C3370\""
currentprinter = win32print.GetDefaultPrinter()
arg = '-dPrinted ' \
'-dBATCH ' \
'-dNOPAUSE ' \
'-dNOSAFER ' \
'-dFitPage ' \
'-dNORANGEPAGESIZE ' \
'-q ' \
'-dNumCopies=1 ' \
'-sDEVICE=mswinpr2 ' \
'-sOutputFile="\\\\spool\\' \
+ currentprinter + " " + \
pdf_file_name
log.info(arg)
win32api.ShellExecute(
0,
'open',
GHOSTSCRIPT_PATH,
arg,
".",
0
)
# os.remove(pdf_file_name)
截屏：
from PIL import ImageGrab
# 利用PIL截屏
im = ImageGrab.grab()
im.save('aa.jpg')
# 5.文件的读写
import win32file, win32api, win32con
import os
def SimpleFileDemo():
testName = os.path.join(win32api.GetTempPath(), "opt_win_file.txt")
if os.path.exists(testName):
os.unlink(testName) # os.unlink() 方法用于删除文件,如果文件是一个目录则返回一个错误。
# 写
handle = win32file.CreateFile(testName,
win32file.GENERIC_WRITE,
0,
None,
win32con.CREATE_NEW,
0,
None)
test_data = "Hello\0there".encode("ascii")
win32file.WriteFile(handle, test_data)
handle.Close()
# 读
handle = win32file.CreateFile(testName, win32file.GENERIC_READ, 0, None, win32con.OPEN_EXISTING, 0, None)
rc, data = win32file.ReadFile(handle, 1024)
handle.Close() # 此处也可使用win32file.CloseHandle(handle)来关闭句柄
if data == test_data:
print("Successfully wrote and read a file")
else:
raise Exception("Got different data back???")
os.unlink(testName)
if __name__ == '__main__':
SimpleFileDemo()
# print(win32api.GetTempPath()) # 获取临时文件夹路径
版权声明：本博客文章与代码均为学习时整理的笔记，文章 [均为原创] 作品，转载请 [添加出处] ，您添加出处是我创作的动力！
