一、Nagios服务器安装过程
1）配置服务器端IP地址
[root@localhost~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
# Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE]
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=none
HWADDR=00:0c:29:fe:39:A1
ONBOOT=yes
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
IPADDR=192.168.6.199
GATEWAY=192.168.6.1
TYPE=Ethernet
A，安装前准备
安装LAMP架构
[root@localhost~]# mount /dev/cdrom /media/
[root@localhost~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo
[rhel-debuginfo]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch – Debug
baseurl=file:///media/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
[root@localhost~]#yum install gcc glibc glibc-common gd gd-devel php-gd
[root@localhost~]# yum -y install php* mysql* http*
[root@localhost~]# service httpd start
[root@localhost~]# service mysqld start
[root@localhost~]# chkconfig httpd on
[root@localhost~]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@localhost~]# vim /var/www/html/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
2）安装Nagios
1）创建nagios程序用户、组
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologinnagios
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir/usr/local/nagios
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R nagios:nagios /usr/local/nagios/
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/nagios/
2)保证系统中sendmail服务器要开启
[root@localhost ~]# yum install sendmail
[root@localhost ~]# service sendmail status
sendmail (pid 3090) 正在运行...
B、编译安装Nagios
[root@localhost ~]# cd /aaa/
[root@localhost aaa]# tar zxf nagios-3.2.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost aaa]# cd nagios-3.2.0
[root@localhost nagios-3.2.0]# ./configure--prefix=/usr/local/nagios/
[root@localhost nagios-3.2.0]# make all ; make install ; make install-init ;make install-commandmode ; make install-config ;make install-webconf
[root@localhost nagios-3.2.0]# chkconfig --add nagios
[root@localhost nagios-3.2.0]# chkconfig nagios on
[root@localhost nagios-3.2.0]# chkconfig --list nagios
nagios 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
C、安装Nagios插件
你可以从http://www.nagios.org官方网站上下载最新的nagios插件
[root@localhostaaa]# tar zxf nagios-plugins-1.4.14.tar.gz
[root@localhostaaa]# cd nagios-plugins-1.4.14
[root@localhostnagios-plugins-1.4.14]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios/ ; make ;make install
D、安装Nagios的汉化包
[root@localhostaaa]# tar jxf nagios-cn-3.2.0.tar.bz2
[root@localhostaaa]# cd nagios-cn-3.2.0
[root@localhostnagios-cn-3.2.0]#./configure ; make all ; makeinstall
E、修改apache配置文件
[root@localhost~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
231 User
232 Group apache
391 DirectoryIndex index.phpindex.html index.html.var
992 #setting for nagios
993 ScriptAlias/nagios/cgi-bin "/usr/local/nagios/sbin"
994 <Directory"/usr/local/nagios/sbin">
995 AuthType Basic
996 Options ExecCGI
997 AllowOverride None
998 Order allow,deny
999 Allow from all
1000 AuthName "nagiosaccess"
1001 AuthUserFile/usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd
1002 Require valid-user
1003 </Directory>
1004 Alias /nagios"/usr/local/nagios/share"
1005 <Directory"/usr/local/nagios/share">
1006 AuthType Basic
1007 Options ExecCGI
1008 AllowOverride None
1009 Order allow,deny
1010 Allow from all
1011 AuthName "nagiosaccess"
1012 AuthUserFile/usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd
1013 Require valid-user
1014 </Directory>
创建apache目录的验证文件“/usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd”
[root@localhost~]# htpasswd -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd benet
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user benet
重启apache服务器并进行验证nagios登陆情况
[root@localhost~]# service httpd restart
停止 httpd： [确定]
启动 httpd： [确定]
至此nagios服务器安装结束
二、Nagios服务器配置过程
Nagios的配置过程：主机，主机组，服务，服务组，联系人，联系人组，监控时间，监控命令等，配置文件及配置项之间相互关联，彼此引用。
（Nagios配置的核心思想）
最重要的4点：
第一：要定义监控哪些主机、主机组（hosts.cfg），服务，服务组(services.cfg)
第二：要定义这个监控项需要通过什么命令实现(commands.cfg)
第三：要定义监控的时间段(timeperiods.cfg)
最后：要定义主机或服务出现问题时要通知的联系人或联系人组(contacts.cfg)
所有的模板都在objects目录下，包括主机、服务、命令、时间、联系人、模板模块
1)定义hosts.cfg文件（监控哪些主机、主机组（hosts.cfg））
[root@localhost~]# cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/
[root@localhostobjects]# ls ../
cgi.cfg hosts.cfg nagios.cfg services.cfg
commands.cfg htpasswd objects templates.cfg
contacts.cfg localhost.cfg resource.cfg timeperiods.cfg
[root@localhostobjects]# vi hosts.cfg 此文件默认没有，自动创建
define host{
use linux-server
host_name web
alias benet-web
address 192.168.6.199
}
define host{
use linux-server
host_name mysql
alias benet-mysql
address 192.168.6.200
}
define hostgroup{
hostgroup_name sa-servers
alias sa servers
members web,mysql
}
2）定义services.cfg(监控哪些服务，服务组(services.cfg))
[root@localhostobjects]# vi services.cfg 此文件默认没有，自动创建
################- benet web -##########################
define service{
use local-service
host_name web
service_description PING
check_command check_ping!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name web
service_description SSH
check_command check_ssh
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name web
service_description SSHD
check_command check_tcp!22
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name web
service_description http
check_command check_http
}
#####################- MYSQL -##########################
define service{
use local-service
host_name mysql
service_description PING
check_command check_ping!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name mysql
service_description SSH
check_command check_ssh
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name mysql
service_description ftp
check_command check_ftp
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name mysql
service_description mysqlport
check_command check_tcp!3306
}
注意：hosts.cfg和services.cfg两个文件默认在/usr/local/nagios/etc并不存在，需要手动创建。
Check_ping!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
命令！告警延时，丢包率！严重告警延时，丢包率。
Check_ssh!22!10
命令！端口！连接超时时间
3）定义contacts.cfg(定义主机或服务出现问题时要通知的联系人或联系人组)
[root@localhostobjects]# vi contacts.cfg
35 email root@localhost ;
4)定义cgi.cfg
[root@localhostetc]# cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/
[root@localhostetc]# vi cgi.cfg
107 default_user_name=benet
119 authorized_for_system_information=nagiosadmin,benet
131 authorized_for_configuration_information=nagiosadmin,benet
144 authorized_for_system_commands=benet
157 authorized_for_all_services=nagiosadmin,benet
158 authorized_for_all_hosts=nagiosadmin,benet
171 authorized_for_all_service_commands=nagiosadmin,benet
172 authorized_for_all_host_commands=nagiosadmin,benet
5)定义nagios.cfg
[root@localhost~]# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
19log_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/nagios.log
30 cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hosts.cfg
31cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/services.cfg
32cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg
33cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg
34 cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/timeperiods.cfg
35cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfg
三、Nagios的运行和维护
1）验证nagios主配置文件的语法正确性
[root@localhostetc]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
Total Warnings: 0
Total Errors: 0
Things look okay - No serious problems were detected during thepre-flight check
2）启动与停止nagios
[root@localhostetc]# service nagios start
Starting nagios:This account is currently not available.
done.
[root@localhostetc]# service nagios status
nagios (pid 5106) is running...
[root@localhostetc]# service nagios stop
Stopping nagios: .done.
[root@localhostetc]# service nagios restart
Running configuration check...done.
Stopping nagios: No lock file found in/usr/local/nagios//var/nagios.lock
Starting nagios:This account is currently not available.
done.
四、Nagios性能分析图表的实现
1)安装PNP支持包rrdtool工具
[root@localhostaaa]# tar zxf rrdtool-1.4.5.tar.gz
[root@localhostaaa]# cd rrdtool-1.4.5
[root@localhostrrdtool-1.4.5]#./configure--prefix=/usr/local/rrdtool ; make ; make install
安装rrdtool时候的报错:configure:error:Pleasefix thelibrary issues listed above and try again
yum -y install cairo-devel libxml2-devel pangopango-devel
如果上面执行后无果，请执行下面操作：
yum install cgiliblibart_lgpl-develpango-devel* cairo-devel* libxml2-devel
如果上面执行后无果，请执行下面操作：
yum -y install zlib libpng freetypelibart_lgpllibart_lgpl-devel libxml* pango*
通常编辑安装文件时，出现make无法安装，这其实是configure编译时出现了问题。
问题分析思路：先不要make，步骤分开进行，先configure编译,这样容易发现是哪一步出现的错误，并解决
2）安装PNP
[root@localhost rrdtool-1.4.5]# cd /aaa/
[root@localhost aaa]# tar zxf pnp-0.4.13.tar.gz
[root@localhost aaa]# cd pnp-0.4.13
[root@localhost pnp-0.4.13]# ./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios--with-nagios-group=nagios --with-rrdtool=/usr/local/rrdtool/bin/rrdtool --with-perfdata-dir=/usr/local/nagios/share/perfdata; make all ; make install ; make install-config ; make install-init
3）配置PNP
A,创建默认配置文件
[root@localhost pnp-0.4.13]# cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/pnp/
[root@localhost pnp]# cp process_perfdata.cfg-sampleprocess_perfdata.cfg
[root@localhost pnp]# cp npcd.cfg-sample npcd.cfg
[root@localhost pnp]# cp rra.cfg-sample rra.cfg
[root@localhost pnp]# chown -R nagios:nagios/usr/local/nagios/etc/pnp/
[root@localhost pnp]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/nagios/etc/pnp/
必须设置这个权限，不然web界面执行控制命令会出错
chown -R nagios.nagios/usr/local/nagios/var/rw
chmod -R 777/usr/local/nagios/var/rw
B，修改process_perfdata.cfg
[root@localhostpnp]# vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/pnp/process_perfdata.cfg
44 LOG_LEVEL = 2
4）修改Nagios主配置文件
A,增加小太阳图标
[root@localhostpnp]# cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/objetcs
[root@localhostetc]# vi templates.cfg
define host{
name hosts-pnp
register 0
action_url /nagios/pnp/index.php?host=$HOSTNAME$
process_perf_data 1
}
define service{
name services-pnp
register 0
action_url /nagios/pnp/index.php?host=$HOSTNAME$&srv=$SERVICEDESC$
process_perf_data 1
}
B、修改nagios.cfg
找到如下几行去掉注释
[root@localhostobjects]# cd ..
[root@localhostetc]# vi nagios.cfg
833 process_performance_data=1
845 host_perfdata_command=process-host-perfdata
846 service_perfdata_command=process-service-perfdata
C、修改commands.cfg
[root@localhost~]# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg
227 # 'process-host-perfdata' commanddefinition
228 define command{
229 command_name process-host-perfdata
230 command_line /usr/local/nagios/libexec/process_perfdata.pl
231 }
232
233
234 #'process-service-perfdata' command definition
235 define command{
236 command_name process-service-perfdata
237 command_line /usr/local/nagios/libexec/process_perfdata.pl
238 }
D、修改hosts.cfg文件和services.cfg文件
[root@localhost~]# vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hosts.cfg
use linux-server,hosts-pnp
host_name web
alias benet-web
address 192.168.6.199
}
define host{
use linux-server,hosts-pnp
host_name mysql
alias benet-mysql
address 192.168.6.200
}
define hostgroup{
hostgroup_name sa-servers
alias sa servers
members web,mysql
}
[root@localhost~]# vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/services.cfg
################- benet web -##########################
define service{
use local-service,services-pnp
host_name web
service_description PING
check_command check_ping!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
}
define service{
use local-service,services-pnp
host_name web
service_description SSH
check_command check_ssh
}
注意项：别心急看小太阳数据，等会儿就有了。
点击小太阳，出现对主机或服务的监控页面
五，利用插件扩展Nagios的监控功能
下面我们通过在nagios服务端和客户端安装NRPE插件来搭建一个更加完善的Nagios监控系统。
1）配置nagios客户端（即远端被监控主机192.168.6.200）
A）安装Nagios插件
登陆192.168.6.200客户端
[root@localhost~]# cd /aaa/
[root@localhostaaa]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin nagios
[root@localhostaaa]# tar zxf nagios-plugins-1.4.14.tar.gz
[root@localhostaaa]# cd nagios-plugins-1.4.14
[root@localhostnagios-plugins-1.4.14]# ./configure ; make ;make install
[root@localhostnagios-plugins-1.4.14]# chown nagios:nagios /usr/local/nagios/
[root@localhostnagios-plugins-1.4.14]# chown -R nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios/libexec/
B）安装NRPE插件
[root@localhostaaa]# cd /aaa/
[root@localhostaaa]# tar zxf nrpe-2.12.tar.gz
[root@localhostaaa]# cd nrpe-2.12
[root@localhostnrpe-2.12]# ./configure ; make all ; make install-plugin ; make install-daemon; make install-daemon-config
C）修改NRPE配置文件
[root@localhostnrpe-2.12]# vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg
79 allowed_hosts=192.168.1.1 #nagios服务器地址
44 server_address=192.168.233.204 #客户机本机地址
192.168.6.199：指定nagios服务器地址
D）启动NRPE
[root@localhostnrpe-2.12]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d
[root@localhostnrpe-2.12]# netstat -antl |grep 5666
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5666 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
E)测试NRPE
[root@localhostnrpe-2.12]# /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H 127.0.0.1
NRPE v2.12
如果出现NRPE v2.12表明NRPE已经正常工作
定义让nagios服务器监控我本机上的内容（当前用户数，CPU，内存，硬盘等信息）
[root@localhostlibexec]# vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg
199 command[check_users_1]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_users -w5 -c 10
200command[check_load_1]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_load -w 15,10,5 - c 30,25,20
201command[check_sda1_1]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 20% -c 10 % -p /dev/sda1
202command[check_zombie_procs_1]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_procs -w 5 -c 10 -s Z
203command[check_total_procs_1]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_procs -w 1 50 -c 200
重启NRPE
[root@localhost~]# ps -elf |grep nrpe
5 S nagios 22379 1 0 75 0 - 1243 - 17:59 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c/usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d
0 R root 22586 4247 0 78 0 - 1039 - 18:09 pts/0 00:00:00 grep nrpe
[root@localhost~]# kill -9 22379
[root@localhost~]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg –d
2，配置nagios服务器端
登陆nagios服务器端：192.168.6.199
1）安装NRPE插件
[root@localhostetc]# cd /aaa/
[root@localhostaaa]# tar zxf nrpe-2.12.tar.gz
[root@localhostaaa]# cd nrpe-2.12
[root@localhostnrpe-2.12]# ./configure ; make ; make install-plugin
2)测试插件能否取得与客户端192.168.6.200的联系
[root@localhost nrpe-2.12]#/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H 192.168.6.200
NRPE v2.12
出现NRPE v2.12就证明成功联系上客户端
3）定义一个check_nrpe监控命令
[root@localhostnrpe-2.12]# vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg
define command{
command_namecheck_nrpe
command_line $USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -c$ARG1$
}
4）添加远程主机监控项
[root@localhostnrpe-2.12]# vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/services.cfg
define service{
use local-service
host_name mysql
service_description users
check_command check_nrpe!check_users_1
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name mysql
service_description load
check_command check_nrpe!check_load_1
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name mysql
service_description disk
check_command check_nrpe!check_sda1_1
}
define servicegroup{
servicegroup_name servergroup
alias server-group
members web,PING,web,SSH,web,SSHD,web,http,mysql,users,mysql,load,mysql,disk
}
6)测试并重新启动nagios服务
[root@localhost~]# service nagios restart
测试中出现的错误
安装好nagios打开网页出现下面问题
The requested URL /nagios/cgi-bin/statusmap.cgiwas not found on this server
解决方案，确定安装下面的包。
1.安装
gd-devel
回到nagios安装时解压开的目录
#make devclean
# ./configure --with-gd-lib=/usr/lib --with-gd-inc=/usr/include
接下来
#./configure --with-command-group=nagios
#make all; make install; make install-init; make install-config;make install-commandmode; make install-webconf
重新回到你的nagios的sbin目录查看几个cgi脚本有没有生成。
因为没有配置yum源，所以自以为上面的lib库应该都安装了。然后直接重新编译安装。后来发现还是不行。没办法，配置yum源，发现第一个gd库就没装了。一个个查，一个个装。从头到位从新配置。最后搞定....看来还是要耐心点。错误
