[技术干货] Oracle单机实例+ASM

原创

乐维_lwops 2020-03-11 11:52:55 ©著作权

文章标签 Zabbix 服务器内存管理数据库 oracle 文章分类 运维

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本环境CentOS7.4使用的主要软件包：

11.2.0.1版本 linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_grid.zip 需要额外一个磁盘做完ASM挂载磁盘：本实例使用50G 使用x-shell进行远程，通过Xmanager进行图形化显示(需关闭selinux)

一、环境准备

1.创建ORACLE用户和组成员 groupadd oinstall groupadd dba groupadd oper groupadd asmadmin groupadd asmdba groupadd asmoper useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper -d /home/oracle oracle (命令自动创建/home/oracle目录) useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper -d /home/grid grid (命令自动创建/home/grid目录)

2.分别创建oracle、grid用户的密码 passwd oracle new unix password: oracle passwd grid new unix password: grid

3.//创建以下目录 mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid mkdir -p /u01/app/grid mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 mkdir -p /u02/arch chown -R grid:oinstall /u01 chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02 chmod -R 775 /u01 chmod -R 775 /u02

4.使用oracle用户登陆，设置oracle用户的环境变量 //增加以下几行 [oracle@rac31 ~]$ vim .bash_profile ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 ORACLE_SID=orcl PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8 umask 022

5.使用grid域名登陆，设置grid用户的环境变量 //增加以下几行 [grid@rac31 ~]$ vim .bash_profile export PATH export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib export NLS_LANG=American_america.ZHS16GBK export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin export ORACLE_SID=+ASM [root@rac31 ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

soft nproc 2047
hard nproc 16384
soft nofile 1024
hard nofile 65536 [root@rac31 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 [root@rac31 ~]# sysctl -p 关闭selinux [root@rac31 ~]#vim /etc/selinux/config SELINUX=disabled [root@rac31 ~]#setenforce 0 安装缺失的包 yum -y install compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 libstdc++-devel-4.4.4 gcc gcc-c++ ksh libaio-devel fdisk dev/sdb N新建分区 P创建主分区 1 分区数1个回车回车 W保存 [root@rac31 ~]#ls /dev/sdb* /dev/sdb /dev/sdb1 安装ASM依赖文件 [root@rac31 ~]#yum install –y oracleasmlib-2.0.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm oracleasm-support-2.1.11-2.el7.x86_64.rpm 需要重启主机才能正常挂载oracleasm模块 [root@rac31 ~]#reboot
挂载oracleasm模块

oracleasm configure -i

Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver. This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library driver. The following questions will determine whether the driver is loaded on boot and what permissions it will have. The current values will be shown in brackets ('[]'). Hitting <ENTER> without typing an answer will keep that current value. Ctrl-C will abort. Default user to own the driver interface []: grid Default group to own the driver interface []: asmadmin
Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]: y Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: y Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done oracleasm createdisk OCR_VOTE1 /dev/sdb1 oracleasm module not loaded or /dev/oracleasm not mounted. 解决方法 linux7需要手动挂载oracleasm模块 #oracleasm status Checking if ASM is loaded: no Checking if /dev/oracleasm is mounted: no #oracleasm init Creating /dev/oracleasm mount point: /dev/oracleasm Loading module "oracleasm": oracleasm Configuring "oracleasm" to use device physical block size Mounting ASMlib driver filesystem: /dev/oracleasm #oracleasm status Checking if ASM is loaded: yes Checking if /dev/oracleasm is mounted: yes

二、创建ASM磁盘

[root@rac31 ~]# oracleasm createdisk DATA1 /dev/sdb1 Writing disk header: done Instantiating disk: done 扫描：oracleasm scandisks 列出：oracleasm listdisks 安装xhost +工具用于图形化界面 [root@rac31 ~]#yum whatprovides "/xhost" Loaded plugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. base/filelists_db | 3.4 MB 00:00 ... xorg-x11-server-utils-7.7-2.el6.x86_64 : X.Org X11 X server utilities Repo : base Matched from: Filename : /usr/bin/xhost [root@rac31 ~]#yum -y install xorg-x11-server-utils- 需要打开Xmanager工具

[root@rac31 ~]#export DISPLAY=172.16.1.203:0.0 ###该IP为本地ipconfig在使用远程的主机IP [root@rac31 ~]#xhost + access control disabled, clients can connect from any host xhost: must be on local machine to enable or disable access control. 安装grid组： [grid@ rac31 grid]$ export DISPLAY=172.16.1.203:0.0 [grid@ rac31 grid]$ xhost + [grid@ rac31 grid]$ ./runInstaller

需要确保软件包均已安装（pdksh软件包可忽略），版本不同亦可，由于使用的是虚拟机虚拟内存问题与OS问题可忽略确保无误后，忽略所有进行下一步

需要执行/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh与/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh

执行/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh后需要执行，上述红框内容，大意是说，配置grid为一个独立的节点（单实例）需要root用户，执行roothas.pl命令 [root@rac31 ~]#/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/lib -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/roothas.pl 注：由于我们使用的是centos7系统，oracle默认识别的是6版本的系统，在执行该命令时，另开一个窗口切换到oracle用户执行已下命令/bin/dd if=/var/tmp/.oracle/npohasd of=/dev/null bs=1024 count=1，执行完后可ctrl+c停止，否则会报错 [root@rac31 ~]#/bin/dd if=/var/tmp/.oracle/npohasd of=/dev/null bs=1024 count=1 错误截图正确截图点击ok,完成安装使用ASMCA命令创建ASM磁盘组 [root@rac31 ~]#su – grid [grid@rac32 bin]$ pwd /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin [grid@rac32 bin]$ export DISPLAY=172.16.1.124:0.0 [grid@rac32 bin]$ ./asmca 点击Specify Disk Gruop 制定磁盘组点击右下角“CREATE ASM” ，提示输入的密码过于简单，点击YES继续弹出窗口，提示 ASM created and started successfully. DiskGroup DATA created successfully. 点击“ok”

三、安装oracle软件

[oracle@rac32 ~]$ cd /tmp/oracle/ database/ linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
[oracle@rac32 ~]$ cd /tmp/oracle/database/ [oracle@rac32 database]$ export DISPLAY=172.16.1.124:0.0 [oracle@rac32 database]$ ./runInstaller

由于oracle默认指识别固定版本，在安装ASM时已经把对应的软件包安装完成，该步骤可以忽略全部，点击“Next”

点击“Finish”,进行安装这一步其中2个问题可以忽略直接点击继续，到94%会比较慢，不是出错点击“Finish”，完成安装oracle软件安装

四、DBCA建库

切换oracle用户进行安装库 [root@rac32 ~]# su - oracle [oracle@rac32 ~]$ export DISPLAY=172.16.1.124:0.0 [oracle@rac32 ~]$ /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbca