OSPF配置知识总结2
静态路由有静态路由的好处，但也有弊端，牵一发动全身，在一个路由路径上，只要变一个，其他所有的路由器上的静态路由都要跟着改变。
用动态路由OSPF很简单就能解决这个问题。如下：
思路：
1.搭建eNSP模型
2.RouterID规划
3.基本配置
4.OSPF配置
5.连通测试
1.搭建eNSP模型
2.RouterID规划
route-id是路由器的唯一标识。格式和ip地址相似，也是点分十进制。如255.255.255.255 或 0.0.0.0 （感谢作者的总结，不知名字，谢谢！）
route-id的来源有三种：
a、使用命令直接配置
b、如果没有命令配置，使用所有lookback口中最小的（有的厂商是最大的）ip作为route-id。
c、如果lookback口没有配置ip，使用所有物理接口中最小的（有的厂商是最大的）ip作为route-id
关于route-id的规划需要注意的是：
a、如果使用接口IP作为route-id，当IP改变以后，该路由器的route-id并不会自动改变。route-id只有在ospf进程重启是才会更改。
b、建议在启动OSPF进程前先使用命令配置route-id
规划建议：
RouterID规划（我个人想的方法）
X . X . X . X
区域码 . 工厂码 . 第几台 . 备用码
R1-ID： 0.1.1.0
R2-ID: 0.1.2.0
R3-ID: 0.1.3.0
R4-ID: 0.1.4.0
3.基本配置
3.1.应用客户端配置
3.2.路由器接口IP地址配置
配置各接口的IP地址
R1
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0
R2
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0
R3
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ip address 192.168.34.3 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
ip address 192.168.23.3 255.255.255.0
R4
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ip address 192.168.34.4 255.255.255.0
4.OSPF配置
R1
#
ospf 1 router-id 0.1.1.0
area 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255
reset ospf process //重启OSPF服务，使router-id发挥作用
R2
#
ospf 1 router-id 0.1.2.0
area 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255
reset ospf process
R3
#
ospf 1 router-id 0.1.3.0
area 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255
reset ospf process
R4
#
ospf 1 router-id 0.1.4.0
area 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255
reset ospf process
5.连通测试
5.1.查询OSPF的邻接表
R1
[R1]dis ospf peer brief
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 0.1.1.0 //因为是提前规划的，所以非常清楚是0区，1厂，第一台路由器
Peer Statistic Information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 0.1.2.0 Full //本路由器的邻居为0区，1厂，第二台路由器
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
R2
[R2]dis ospf peer brief
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 0.1.2.0
Peer Statistic Information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 0.1.1.0 Full
0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 0.1.3.0 Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
R3
[R3]dis ospf peer brief
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 0.1.3.0
Peer Statistic Information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 0.1.4.0 Full
0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 0.1.2.0 Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
R4
[R4]dis ospf peer brief
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 0.1.4.0
Peer Statistic Information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 0.1.3.0 Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.2.查询OSPF的路由表
从OSPF协议生成的路由表可以看出，与静态路由建立的条目一致，换言之目的一样，只是一个是自动，一个手动。简单的结构看不出差别，结构复杂了，中途网络结构调整，OSPF的优势便显而易见。因为每个路由器只需配置网络接口地址，在OSPF进程中配置邻接关联网段即可，其他就交给OSPF服务与协议去处理。试想网络结构节点很多，其中有一台路由器坏了，将其更换，如果用静态路由，逐条配置的场景。当然，OSPF的运行肯定要消耗带宽和路由器运算资源，跟人和网络的稳定性比只能牺牲路由器的资源了。
[R1]dis ip routing-table protocol ospf //这个路由表是由OSPF服务根据协议自动生成
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
Destinations : 3 Routes : 3 OSPF routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 3 Routes : 3Destination/Mask Proto
OSPF 10 4 D 192.168.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
192.168.23.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 192.168.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
192.168.34.0/24 OSPFOSPF routing table status : <Inactive>
Destinations : 0 Routes : 0
[R2]dis ip routing-table protocol ospf
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
Destinations : 3 Routes : 3 OSPF routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 3 Routes : 3Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
192.168.1.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 192.168.12.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
192.168.2.0/24 OSPF 10 3 D 192.168.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/2
192.168.34.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 192.168.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/2OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>
Destinations : 0 Routes : 0
[R3]dis ip routing-table protocol ospf
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
Destinations : 3 Routes : 3 OSPF routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 3 Routes : 3Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
192.168.1.0/24 OSPF 10 3 D 192.168.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/2
192.168.2.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 192.168.34.4 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
192.168.12.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 192.168.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/2OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>
Destinations : 0 Routes : 0
[R4]dis ip routing-table protocol ospf
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
Destinations : 3 Routes : 3 OSPF routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 3 Routes : 3Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
192.168.1.0/24 OSPF 10 4 D 192.168.34.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
192.168.12.0/24 OSPF 10 3 D 192.168.34.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
192.168.23.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 192.168.34.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/1OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>
Destinations : 0 Routes : 05.3.两客户端连通测试
PC>ipconfig
Link local IPv6 address...........: fe80::5689:98ff:fe1a:38d
IPv6 address......................: :: / 128
IPv6 gateway......................: ::
IPv4 address......................: 192.168.1.2
Subnet mask.......................: 255.255.255.0
Gateway...........................: 192.168.1.254
Physical address..................: 54-89-98-1A-03-8D
DNS server........................:PC>ping 192.168.2.2
Ping 192.168.2.2: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
Request timeout!
From 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=124 time=32 ms
From 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=124 time=31 ms
From 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=124 time=31 ms
From 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=124 time=31 ms--- 192.168.2.2 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
4 packet(s) received
20.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0/31/32 ms
