先使用fdisk -l 列出设备的分区。我这里的/dev/sdb 磁盘是我向运行在virtualbox中的虚拟机 添加的虚拟磁盘。顺便来说下往运行在virtualbox 中的系统添加虚拟磁盘的方法。首先在virtualbox 的用户界面中选中要添加虚拟磁盘的虚拟机(虚拟机应该是关停的),单击设置,进入选中虚拟机的 设置界面,选择存储,进入选中虚拟机的存储设置界面,然后选择添加虚拟磁盘(添加的是.vdi格式 的虚拟磁盘),后面根据向导设置就好。 [root@centos ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000a0d66 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 26 2177 17280000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 2177 2611 3481600 82 Linux swap / Solaris 那个/dev/sdb 就是我们需要分区,格式化,挂载的设备。 再来看下系统已经挂载的设备。 [root@centos ~]# df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 17008476 15287828 856648 95% / tmpfs 603748 0 603748 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 198337 24175 163922 13% /boot 使用fdisk 对设备/dev/sdb 进行分区。 [root@centos ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). //使用m 查询帮助。 Command (m for help): m Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) //使用p 列出设备现有的分区。 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xd7ea6b16 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System //因为我还没有对这个设备进行分区,所有没有分区信息。使用n 新增一个 分区。 Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) e //选择扩展分区(对应 e) 因为我的系统中已经存在3个主分区了。并把所有的 /dev/sdb 设备的所有的空间分给扩展分区。 Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-1044, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1044, default 1044): Using default value 1044 //再次打印该设备的分区表。 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xd7ea6b16 //已经有一个扩展分区存在。 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1044 8385898+ 5 Extended 把上面操作写入磁盘分区表,并退出。 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. 再来查看下设备的分区是由有误。 [root@centos ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xd7ea6b16 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1044 8385898+ 5 Extended Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000a0d66 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 26 2177 17280000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 2177 2611 3481600 82 Linux swap / Solaris 到现在为止我们只是创建了一个扩展分区,但是扩展分区是不能用来格式化的,所以我们 需要继续进行磁盘分区,创建逻辑分区。 [root@centos ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xd7ea6b16 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1044 8385898+ 5 Extended Command (m for help): n Command action l logical (5 or over) p primary partition (1-4) //现在l 表示逻辑分区。 l First cylinder (1-1044, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1044, default 1044): Using default value 1044 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. 现在再来查看 /dev/sdb 的设备分区表。 [root@zeng ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xd7ea6b16 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1044 8385898+ 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1 1044 8385867 83 Linux 已经多出一个/dev/sdb5了。逻辑分区是从5开始编号的。下面对新创建的 逻辑分区/dev/sdb5 进行格式化,我这里现在ext3 文件系统。 [root@zeng ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb5 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) //该文件系统的块大小是4KB。 Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 524288 inodes, 2096466 blocks 104823 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=2147483648 64 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. 块大小的设置还是比较关键的参数,设置的大些有利于提高文件系统的 读写性能,但是如果系统存储的大多是很小的文件,存储空间的浪费将会比较 严重。比如如果操作系统中存储了很多容量比4KB小的多的文件,比如1KB,2KB 那么将会严重浪费系统的存储空间。所有在格式分区选择块大小的时候,先要 分析下将来设备(分区)用途(用来存放什么样的文件)。当然block size 的 大小影响不限以此。 分区分好了,也格式化好了,但是系统是不会把该文件系统自动挂载起来的。 [root@centos ~]# df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 17008476 15295336 849140 95% / tmpfs 603748 0 603748 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 198337 24175 163922 13% /boot 先创建一个挂载点。 [root@centos ~]# mkdir /mnt/sdb5 进行挂载。 [root@centos ~]# mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/sdb5 再来设备的挂载情况。 [root@centos ~]# df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 17008476 15295340 849136 95% / tmpfs 603748 0 603748 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 198337 24175 163922 13% /boot /dev/sdb5 8254208 149624 7685292 2% /mnt/sdb5
linux下磁盘分区与格式化
原创
©著作权归作者所有:来自51CTO博客作者蜗牛奔跑ing的原创作品,请联系作者获取转载授权,否则将追究法律责任
提问和评论都可以,用心的回复会被更多人看到
评论
发布评论
相关文章
-
Linux下磁盘分区,格式化以及挂载
格式化及挂载
格式化及挂载 -
磁盘分区及格式化
fdisk -l查看 系统能否认别usb 第二格式化磁盘
磁盘分区 格式化 系统安装