简介

        本文介绍SpringBoot如何在Entity(DAO)中使用枚举类型。(本文使用MyBatis-Plus)。

        在实际开发中,经常会遇到表示类型或者状态的情况,比如:有三种支付方式:微信、支付宝、银联。本文介绍如何这种场景的方案对比,并用实例来介绍如何用枚举这种最优雅的来表示。

方案对比

本处列举表示类型或状态的常用方法的对比。

法1:使用数字表示(不推荐)

//1:支付宝支付;2:微信支付;3:银行卡支付
private Integer payType;

这种方法的缺点:可读性极差,排查问题也麻烦。比如:前端页面上看到了2这个类型,还要看接口文档或者问后端这是什么意思,浪费时间!

法2:使用字符串表示(不推荐)

//ALIPAY:支付宝;WECHAT_PAY:微信;BANK_CARD_PAY:银行卡支付
private String payType;

这种方式比法1好一些了,提高了数据库的可读性和排查问题速度。

缺点:难以控制不允许数据库的pay_type为空字符串这种情况;支持的类型没有限制死,前端传个其他的字符串也能存入数据库。

法3:使用枚举表示(推荐)

枚举是这种场景最好的方案(枚举本身就是为了表示可穷举类型而发明出来的!)。

定义一个枚举类

package com.example.demo.order.enums;

import lombok.Getter;

@Getter
public enum PayTypeEnum {
ALIPAY("支付宝"),
WECHAT_PAY("微信支付"),
BANK_CARD_PAY("银行卡支付"),
;

private final String description;

PayTypeEnum(String description) {
this.description = description;
}
}

Entity中定义枚举类型字段

private PayTypeEnum payType;

优点

  1. 可读性极高,排查问题很快(比如:前端页面上看到ALIPAY这个类型,一眼就能知道是支付宝)
  2. 可以控制不允许数据库的pay_type为空字符串这种情况(因为枚举字段不可能有空字符串)
  3. 支持的类型限制死,前端传个其他的字符串无法存入数据库。

枚举用法示例

建表

CREATE TABLE `t_order` (
`id` bigint NOT NULL COMMENT 'ID',
`order_no` varchar(64) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '订单号',
`pay_type` varchar(64) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '支付类型。ALIPAY:支付宝;WECHAT_PAY:微信;BANK_CARD_PAY:银行卡支付。',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='订单';

pay_type字段加了NOT NULL限制。

Entity

package com.example.demo.order.entity;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName;
import com.example.demo.order.enums.PayTypeEnum;
import lombok.Data;

@Data
@TableName("t_order")
public class Order {
private Long id;

private String orderNo;

private PayTypeEnum payType;

}

Enum

package com.example.demo.order.enums;

import lombok.Getter;

@Getter
public enum PayTypeEnum {
ALIPAY("支付宝"),
WECHAT_PAY("微信支付"),
BANK_CARD_PAY("银行卡支付"),
;

private final String description;

PayTypeEnum(String description) {
this.description = description;
}
}

Controller

package com.example.demo.order.controller;

import com.example.demo.order.entity.Order;
import com.example.demo.order.service.OrderService;
import com.example.demo.user.entity.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
public class OrderController {
@Autowired
private OrderService orderService;

@PostMapping("pay")
public void pay(@RequestBody Order order) {
orderService.save(order);
}
}

Service

接口

package com.example.demo.order.service;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.IService;
import com.example.demo.order.entity.Order;

public interface OrderService extends IService<Order> {

}

实现

package com.example.demo.order.service.impl;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
import com.example.demo.order.entity.Order;
import com.example.demo.order.mapper.OrderMapper;
import com.example.demo.order.service.OrderService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<OrderMapper, Order> implements OrderService {

}

Mapper

package com.example.demo.order.mapper;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;
import com.example.demo.order.entity.Order;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public interface OrderMapper extends BaseMapper<Order> {

}

测试

1.正常操作

写入成功,枚举的name()方法的值会写到数据库。

SpringBoot--在Entity(DAO)中使用枚举类型_java

后端结果

SpringBoot--在Entity(DAO)中使用枚举类型_spring boot_02

数据库结果

SpringBoot--在Entity(DAO)中使用枚举类型_sql_03

2.前端传空字符串

此时会报错,因为枚举中没有对应空字符串的。

 ​​​​​

SpringBoot--在Entity(DAO)中使用枚举类型_spring_04

后端结果(无法将空字符串反序列化为枚举对象)

2022-09-10 10:14:30.406  WARN 128760 --- [nio-8080-exec-8] .w.s.m.s.DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver : Resolved [org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotReadableException: JSON parse error: Cannot deserialize value of type `com.example.demo.order.enums.PayTypeEnum` from String "": not one of the values accepted for Enum class: [ALIPAY, BANK_CARD_PAY, WECHAT_PAY]; nested exception is com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.exc.InvalidFormatException: Cannot deserialize value of type `com.example.demo.order.enums.PayTypeEnum` from String "": not one of the values accepted for Enum class: [ALIPAY, BANK_CARD_PAY, WECHAT_PAY]
at [Source: (PushbackInputStream); line: 4, column: 16] (through reference chain: com.example.demo.order.entity.Order["payType"])]

数据库结果(没写入数据) 

SpringBoot--在Entity(DAO)中使用枚举类型_spring boot_05

3.前端传null

SpringBoot--在Entity(DAO)中使用枚举类型_spring boot_06

后端结果(pay_type为null,写入数据库时报错)

2022-09-10 10:24:20.514 ERROR 128760 --- [io-8080-exec-10] o.a.c.c.C.[.[.[/].[dispatcherServlet]    : Servlet.service() for servlet [dispatcherServlet] in context with path [] threw exception [Request processing failed; nested exception is org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException: 
### Error updating database. Cause: java.sql.SQLException: Field 'pay_type' doesn't have a default value
### The error may exist in com/example/demo/order/mapper/OrderMapper.java (best guess)
### The error may involve com.example.demo.order.mapper.OrderMapper.insert-Inline
### The error occurred while setting parameters
### SQL: INSERT INTO t_order ( id, order_no ) VALUES ( ?, ? )
### Cause: java.sql.SQLException: Field 'pay_type' doesn't have a default value
; Field 'pay_type' doesn't have a default value; nested exception is java.sql.SQLException: Field 'pay_type' doesn't have a default value] with root cause

java.sql.SQLException: Field 'pay_type' doesn't have a default value
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:129) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.25.jar:8.0.25]
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLExceptionsMapping.translateException(SQLExceptionsMapping.java:122) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.25.jar:8.0.25]
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ClientPreparedStatement.executeInternal(ClientPreparedStatement.java:953) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.25.jar:8.0.25]
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ClientPreparedStatement.execute(ClientPreparedStatement.java:370) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.25.jar:8.0.25]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.ProxyPreparedStatement.execute(ProxyPreparedStatement.java:44) ~[HikariCP-3.4.5.jar:na]
......

数据库结果(没写入数据)

SpringBoot--在Entity(DAO)中使用枚举类型_spring_07