Excel 电子表格文件格式剖析

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bokezyyx 2014-09-27 17:50:52 ©著作权

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Excel 电子表格文件格式,这种Excel和其他的Excel是不同的。他的本质上是一个Xml文件（用英文版的UtraEdit可以看到），所以他可以保存任何符号的字符，包括&(它在Xml文件中是一种特殊字符。所以用aspose等工具是不能读取这种字符的)。

反过来说，我们从中可以得到一种快速生成带有多个Worksheet的Workbook的Excel,从xml文件处理的个角度入手。

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?mso-application progid="Excel.Sheet"?>
<Workbook xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:x="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel" xmlns:ss="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet" xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<DocumentProperties xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"><Author>Gary Lim</Author></DocumentProperties><ExcelWorkbook xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel">
<ProtectStructure>False</ProtectStructure>
<ProtectWindows>False</ProtectWindows>
</ExcelWorkbook>

<Styles>
<Style ss:ID="Default" ss:Name="Normal">
<Alignment ss:Vertical="Bottom"/>
<Borders/>
<Font/>
<Interior/>
<NumberFormat/>
<Protection/>
</Style>
<Style ss:ID="s27" ss:Name="Hyperlink">
<Font ss:Color="#0000FF" ss:Underline="Single"/>
</Style>
<Style ss:ID="s24">
<Font x:Family="Swiss" ss:Bold="1"/>
</Style>
<Style ss:ID="s25">
<Font x:Family="Swiss" ss:Italic="1"/>
</Style>
<Style ss:ID="s26">
<Alignment ss:Horizontal="Center" ss:Vertical="Bottom"/>
</Style>
<Style ss:ID="my24">
<Font x:Family="Swiss" ss:Size="12"/>
</Style>
<Style ss:ID="my28">
<Alignment ss:Horizontal="Left" ss:Vertical="Center"/>
<Font x:Family="Swiss" ss:Size="12" ss:Bold="1"/>
</Style>
<Style ss:ID="my32">
<Alignment ss:Vertical="Center"/>
<Font x:Family="Swiss" ss:Size="12"/>
</Style>
</Styles>

<WorksheetOptions xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel">
<Selected/>
</WorksheetOptions>

<Worksheet ss:Name="Info">
<Table>
<Column ss:AutoFitWidth="0" ss:Width="123"/>
<Column ss:AutoFitWidth="0" ss:Width="196.5"/>
<Row ss:AutoFitHeight="0" ss:Height="39.75">
<Cell ss:MergeAcross="1" ss:StyleID="my28"><Data ss:Type="String">Report Information</Data></Cell>
</Row>
<Row ss:Height="15">
<Cell ss:MergeAcross="1" ss:StyleID="my32"/>
</Row>
<Row ss:Height="15">
<Cell ss:StyleID="my24"><Data ss:Type="String">MoAddress</Data></Cell>
<Cell ss:StyleID="my24"><Data ss:Type="String">SN=Eri3G,RNC=BORNC01</Data></Cell>
</Row>
<Row ss:Height="15">
<Cell ss:StyleID="my24"><Data ss:Type="String">Data Date</Data></Cell>
<Cell ss:StyleID="my24"><Data ss:Type="String">6/23/2013 3:25:00 AM</Data></Cell>
</Row>
<Row ss:Height="15">
<Cell ss:StyleID="my24"><Data ss:Type="String">Report Created Date</Data></Cell>
<Cell ss:StyleID="my24"><Data ss:Type="String">6/23/2013 4:04:01 AM</Data></Cell>
</Row>
<Row ss:Height="15">
<Cell ss:StyleID="my24"><Data ss:Type="String">VendorName</Data></Cell>
<Cell ss:StyleID="my24"><Data ss:Type="String">Ericsson</Data></Cell>
</Row>
<Row ss:Height="15">
<Cell ss:StyleID="my24"><Data ss:Type="String">Data Version</Data></Cell>
<Cell ss:StyleID="my24"><Data ss:Type="String">W10.1</Data></Cell>
</Row>
</Table>
</Worksheet>

<Worksheet ss:Name="NodeB_Info">
<Table>
<Column ss:AutoFitWidth="0" ss:Width="300"/>
<Row ss:AutoFitHeight="1" ss:Height="16">
<Cell ss:StyleID="s24"><Data ss:Type="String">MoAddress</Data></Cell>
<Cell ss:StyleID="s24"><Data ss:Type="String">NodeB Label</Data></Cell>
<Cell ss:StyleID="s24"><Data ss:Type="String">NodeB Id</Data></Cell>
<Cell ss:StyleID="s24"><Data ss:Type="String">Last Updated Date</Data></Cell>
</Row>
<Row ss:AutoFitHeight="1" >

<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">SN=Eri3G,RNC=BORNC01,NodeB=BA3036W</Data></Cell>

<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">BA3036W</Data></Cell>

<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">BA3036W</Data></Cell>

<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">6/22/2013 5:01:05 AM</Data></Cell>

</Row>

<Row ss:AutoFitHeight="1" >

<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">SN=Eri3G,RNC=BORNC01,NodeB=BA3039W</Data></Cell>

<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">BA3039W</Data></Cell>

<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">BA3039W</Data></Cell>

<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">6/22/2013 5:01:05 AM</Data></Cell>

</Row>

<Row ss:AutoFitHeight="1" >

<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">SN=Eri3G,RNC=BORNC01,NodeB=BA3040W</Data></Cell>

<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">BA3040W</Data></Cell>

<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">BA3040W</Data></Cell>

<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">6/22/2013 5:01:05 AM</Data></Cell>

</Row>

</Table>
</Worksheet>
</Workbook>

这是一个txt文件，也可以是一个xml文件，当我们把他的后缀名修改成.xls的时候，我们居然可以看到是一个带有两个worksheet的workbook的excel 文件

读取方式：

public class TableReader
{
private List<System.Data.DataTable> _vlstDtDestination = new List<System.Data.DataTable>();
private TableParser _vTableParser = null;

public List<System.Data.DataTable> DataTableList
{
get { return _vlstDtDestination; }
}

public void Read(System.IO.StringReader strReader)
{
System.Xml.XmlReaderSettings xmlReaderSettings = CustomXmlReaderSetting.Create();
using (System.Xml.XmlReader xmlReader = System.Xml.XmlReader.Create(strReader, xmlReaderSettings))
{
string currentNode = string.Empty;
string currentTableName = string.Empty;
KeyValuePair<string, string> currentPair;
while(xmlReader.Read())
{
if (xmlReader.NodeType == System.Xml.XmlNodeType.Element && xmlReader.Name == "Worksheet")
{
currentTableName = xmlReader.GetAttribute("ss:Name");

#region Test
if (currentTableName == "Rnc")
{
Console.WriteLine();
}
#endregion

if (currentTableName == "Info")
{
continue;
}
currentNode = xmlReader.ReadOuterXml();
currentPair=new KeyValuePair<string, string>(currentTableName,currentNode);
Parse(currentPair);
currentPair = new KeyValuePair<string, string>(null,null);
}
}
}
}

#region Private's
private void Parse(KeyValuePair<string, string> source)
{
if (_vTableParser==null)
{
_vTableParser = new TableParser(_vlstDtDestination);
}
_vTableParser.Parse(source);
}
#endregion

}
public class TableParser
{
private List<System.Data.DataTable> _vlstDtDestination = null;

public TableParser(List<System.Data.DataTable> dtList)
{
_vlstDtDestination = dtList;
}

public void Parse(KeyValuePair<string,string> source)
{
if(source.Key.Trim()=="")
{
return;
}

System.Data.DataTable currentDt = null;
foreach(System.Data.DataTable dt in _vlstDtDestination)
{
if(dt.TableName==source.Key)
{
currentDt = dt;
}
}
if(currentDt==null)
{
currentDt = new System.Data.DataTable(source.Key);
_vlstDtDestination.Add(currentDt);
}

if(source.Value.Trim()=="")
{
return;
}
System.IO.StringReader reader = new System.IO.StringReader(source.Value);
System.Xml.XmlReaderSettings xmlReaderSettings = CustomXmlReaderSetting.Create();
using(System.Xml.XmlReader xmlReader=System.Xml.XmlReader.Create(reader,xmlReaderSettings))
{
System.Data.DataRow currentDr = null;
bool isValued = false;
bool isConstructed = false;
int index = 0;

while (xmlReader.Read())
{
switch (xmlReader.NodeType)
{
case System.Xml.XmlNodeType.Element:
if (xmlReader.Name == "Row")
{
if (isValued)
{
currentDt.Rows.Add(currentDr);
}
currentDr = currentDt.NewRow();
index = 0;
}

if (xmlReader.Name == "Data")
{
if (!isConstructed)
{
currentDt.Columns.Add(xmlReader.ReadString(), typeof(System.String));
}
else
{
currentDr[index++] = xmlReader.ReadString();
if (!isValued)
{
isValued = true;
}
}
}

break;
case System.Xml.XmlNodeType.EndElement:
if (xmlReader.Name == "Row" && !isConstructed)
{
isConstructed = true;
}
break;
}
}
if (isValued)
{
currentDt.Rows.Add(currentDr);
}

}
}

}
public class CustomXmlReaderSetting
{
public static System.Xml.XmlReaderSettings Create()
{
System.Xml.XmlReaderSettings xmlReaderSettings = new System.Xml.XmlReaderSettings();
xmlReaderSettings.ProhibitDtd = false;
xmlReaderSettings.CheckCharacters = false;
return xmlReaderSettings;
}
}
public class StreamFilter
{
public static System.IO.StringReader Filter(string path)
{
System.IO.FileStream fileStream = new System.IO.FileStream(
path,
System.IO.FileMode.Open,
System.IO.FileAccess.Read,
System.IO.FileShare.ReadWrite
);
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();

fileStream.Seek(0,System.IO.SeekOrigin.Begin);
System.IO.StreamReader streamReader = new System.IO.StreamReader(fileStream);

for (string strLine = streamReader.ReadLine(); !streamReader.EndOfStream; strLine = streamReader.ReadLine())
{
strLine = strLine.Replace("&", "&");
builder.AppendFormat("{0}\n",strLine);
}

System.IO.StringReader strReader = new System.IO.StringReader(builder.ToString());
return strReader;
}

}
public class NameHandler
{
public static string ConvertName(string name)
{
string result = name.Trim();

result = Regex.Replace(result, "[^a-zA-Z\\d]", "_");

result = Regex.Replace(result, "_{2,}", "_");

if (result.StartsWith("_")) result = result.Substring(1, result.Length - 1);
if (result.EndsWith("_")) result = result.Substring(0, result.Length - 1);

return result;
}
}
The xml iteself is broken up into several major section:
Workbook:Root node of the xml,parent to all the other sections.
DocumentProperties:Most of the importation one sees when accessing File->Properties is defined here.
Styles:Formatting information defined here is available to different row,columns and specific cells in the worksheets.
Worksheet(s):As many worksheets as you want are defined here.

Worksheets consist of two major sections:
Table:This is where all visible data in the spreadsheet is stored.
WorksheetOptions:Global options for the worksheet itself.

Finally,the Table section defines two components:
Column
Row / Cell

With this information in hand one can plan out how to create the xml document that will then load into Microsoft Excel and look,feel and operate like a document created by sophisticate,loving user.