一、GTID简介

什么是GTID

GTID(Global Transaction ID)是对于一个已提交事务的编号,并且是一个全局唯一的编号。
GTID
实际上是由UUID+TID组成的。其中UUID是一个MySQL实例的唯一标识。TID代表了该实例上已经提交的事务数量,并且随着事务提交单调递增。下面是一个GTID的具体形式

3E11FA47-71CA-11E1-9E33-C80AA9429562:23

更详细的介绍可以参见:官方文档

GTID的作用

那么GTID功能的目的是什么呢?具体归纳主要有以下两点:

1、根据GTID可以知道事务最初是在哪个实例上提交的

2GTID的存在方便了ReplicationFailover

 

二、介绍半同步复制

半同步复制可以作为默认的异步复制的替代方案,用以提高数据完整性。

使用半同步复制,提交操作只有当一个从服务器已经接收到更新,或者超时后才返回客户端。因此,它可以确保数据存在于主服务器以及至少一个从服务器中(注意,提交操作返回时,从服务器已经接收到更新,但不一定已经应用了该更新)。

可以组合使用不同的复制模式,因此一些从服务器配置为异步复制,而其他从服务器使用半同步复制。这样最终意味着开发人员/DBA能够基于每个从服务器确定合适的数据一致性和性能级别。

以上描述的不同复制模式可以与完全同步复制进行比较,后者使用“两阶段提交”协议同时将数据提交到两个或者更多实例中。同步复制能够确保多个系统之间的一致性,故障时提供更快的故障转移时间,但是会因为在节点之间传递更多的消息导致性能消耗。

三、环境

环境

系统:centos6.5

master IP: 172.19.0.105

slave IP:172.19.0.102

mysql版本:5.6.23

四、mysql安装(两台)

1、采用yum安装依赖包

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 autoconf automake zlib* fiex* libxml* ncurses-devel libmcrypt* libtool-ltdl-devel*  cmake  bison

2、创建mysql用户与用户组

groupadd mysql

useradd -r -g mysql mysql

3.解压安装mysql源代码包

tar zxvf mysql-5.6.23.tar.gz

cd mysql-5.6.23

cmake ./ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/mysql/ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/opt/mysql/data -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/opt/mysql/data/mysqld.sock -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1  -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/opt/mysql/data/mysql.sock -DMYSQL_USER=mysql  -DWITH_DEBUG=0

 

make && make install

 

4、赋予相关权限

chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/mysql

 

/opt/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql   --datadir=/opt/mysql/data

5mysql配置文件

cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf    #配置文件

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql  #启动文件

chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql  

 

mkdir /opt/mysql/logs    #创建存放日志文件

chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/mysql/logs  #赋予相关权限

chkconfig mysql on    #增加开机启动

6、启动 mysql

/etc/init.d/mysql start

7设置mysql初始密码,123456是密码,你可以设置自己需要的密码

/opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password '123456'

8、增加软连接

ln -s /opt/mysql/bin/* /usr/bin/  

五、主从模式配置

1、配置master节点  [mysqld]下增加

log-bin=master-bin

binlog_format = ROW

log_slave_updates=true

gtid-mode=on

enforce-gtid-consistency=true

master-info-repository=TABLE

relay-log-info-repository=TABLE

sync-master-info=1

slave-parallel-workers=4 #开启基于库的多线程复制。默认是0,不开启,最大并发数为1024个线程

binlog-checksum=CRC32

master-verify-checksum=1

slave-sql-verify-checksum=1

binlog-rows-query-log_events=1

report-port=3306

report-host=MASTER

 

2、配置slave节点  [mysqld]下增加把server-id    = 1修改成2master要不一样,否则会报错

server-id  = 2

log-bin=mysql-bin

binlog_format = ROW

log_slave_updates=true

gtid-mode=on

enforce-gtid-consistency=true

master-info-repository=TABLE

relay-log-info-repository=TABLE

sync-master-info=1

slave-parallel-workers=4 #开启基于库的多线程复制。默认是0,不开启,最大并发数为1024个线程

binlog-checksum=CRC32

master-verify-checksum=1

slave-sql-verify-checksum=1

binlog-rows-query-log_events=1

report-port=3306

report-host=SLAVE

3masterslave配置好重启

/etc/init.d/mysql restart

4、创建复制用户

在主库(master)执行

GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.*  TO 'repl'@'172.19.0.%'  IDENTIFIED BY 'repl';

flush privileges;

 

在主库(master)执行安装相关插入件启动半同步复制

INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_master SONAME 'semisync_master.so';

SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1;

SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout=1000;

在从库(slave)执行安装相关插入件启动半同步复制

INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_slave SONAME 'semisync_slave.so';

SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1;

在从库(slave)执行复制连接

 

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.19.0.105',MASTER_USER='repl',MASTER_PASSWORD='repl',master_auto_position=1,master_delay=20;

 

start slave;

查看主从已经启动gtid功能

mysql5.623 GTID主从复制+半同步复制安装与配置_mysql5.6

在主库查看连接的slave主机

mysql5.623 GTID主从复制+半同步复制安装与配置_mysql5.623_02

查看从库复制状态

 

mysql5.623 GTID主从复制+半同步复制安装与配置_mysql5.6_03

mysql5.623 GTID主从复制+半同步复制安装与配置_mysql5.623_04

 

以上说明成功

下面是我修改一些参数配置为了优化,大家可以根据自己环境来修改

主库(master)配置:

 

# For advice on how to change settings please see

# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[client]

port           = 3306

socket                = /opt/mysql/data/mysql.sock

default-character-set = utf8

################Basic############

[mysqld]

server-id  = 1

port           = 3306

socket                = /opt/mysql/data/mysql.sock

skip-external-locking

skip-name-resolve

default-storage-engine=INNODB

character-set-server=utf8

wait_timeout=500

connect_timeout=20

interactive_timeout=500

back_log=500

event_scheduler=ON

 

##########binlog##########

expire-logs-days=5

log-bin=master-bin

 

binlog_format = ROW

log_slave_updates=true

gtid-mode=on

enforce-gtid-consistency=true

master-info-repository=TABLE

relay-log-info-repository=TABLE

sync-master-info=1

slave-parallel-workers=2  #开启基于库的多线程复制。默认是0,不开启,最大并发数为1024个线程

binlog-checksum=CRC32

master-verify-checksum=1

slave-sql-verify-checksum=1

binlog-rows-query-log_events=1

report-port=3306

report-host=MASTER

#############半同步###########

rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1 

rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout=1000 

rpl_semi_sync_master_trace_level=32 

rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_no_slave=on

#######################

max_binlog_size=128M

binlog_cache_size=2M

sync_binlog=1

#################slow log ###########

slow-query_log=1

slow-query_log_file=/opt/mysql/logs/mysql.slow

long_query_time=2

####################error log####

log_error=/opt/mysql/logs/error.log

#################per_thread_buffers#############

max_connections=1024

max_user_connections=2000

max_connect_errors=10000

key_buffer_size=64M

max_allowed_packet=128M

table_open_cache=6144

table_definition_cache=4096

sort_buffer_size=512k

read_buffer_size=512k

read_rnd_buffer_size=512k

join_buffer_size=512k

tmp_table_size=64M

max_heap_table_size=64M

query_cache_type=0

query_cache_size=0

bulk_insert_buffer_size=32M

thread_cache_size=64

thread_concurrency=32

thread_stack=256K

################INNODB################

innodb_data_home_dir = /opt/mysql/data

innodb_log_group_home_dir = /opt/mysql/data

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend

innodb_buffer_pool_size=2G

innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 4

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1

innodb_lock_wait_timeout=10

innodb_file_per_table

innodb_log_files_in_group=3

innodb_support_xa=1

innodb_sync_spin_loops=40

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=90

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=20M

innodb_log_buffer_size=128M

innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT

innodb_file_format=Barracuda

innodb_io_capacity=2000

log_bin_trust_function_creators=1

innodb_purge_threads=1

innodb_purge_batch_size=32

innodb_old_blocks_pct=75

transaction_isolation=READ-COMMITTED

#innodb_read_io_threads=8

#innodb_write_io_threads=8

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet=128M

myisam_max_sort_sort_file_size=2G

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

 

[myisamchk]

key_buffer_size = 64M

sort_buffer_size =256K

read_buffer = 2M

write_buffer = 2M

 

[mysqlhotcopy]

interactive-timeout

 

 

从库(slave)配置:

 

# For advice on how to change settings please see

# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[client]

port           = 3306

socket                = /opt/mysql/data/mysql.sock

default-character-set = utf8

################Basic############

[mysqld]

server-id  = 2

port           = 3306

socket                = /opt/mysql/data/mysql.sock

skip-external-locking

skip-name-resolve

default-storage-engine=INNODB

character-set-server=utf8

wait_timeout=500

connect_timeout=20

interactive_timeout=500

back_log=500

event_scheduler=ON

##########binlog##########

expire-logs-days=5

log-bin=mysql-bin

 

binlog_format = ROW

log_slave_updates=true

gtid-mode=on

enforce-gtid-consistency=true

master-info-repository=TABLE

relay-log-info-repository=TABLE

sync-master-info=1

slave-parallel-workers=2

binlog-checksum=CRC32

master-verify-checksum=1

slave-sql-verify-checksum=1

binlog-rows-query-log_events=1

report-port=3306

report-host=SLAVE

 

##############半同步#####################

rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1

##################################

max_binlog_size=128M

binlog_cache_size=2M

sync_binlog=1

#################slow log ###########

slow-query_log=1

slow-query_log_file=/opt/mysql/logs/mysql.slow

long_query_time=2

####################error log####

log_error=/opt/mysql/logs/error.log

#################per_thread_buffers#############

max_connections=1024

max_user_connections=2000

max_connect_errors=10000

key_buffer_size=64M

max_allowed_packet=128M

table_open_cache=6144

table_definition_cache=4096

sort_buffer_size=512k

read_buffer_size=512k

read_rnd_buffer_size=512k

join_buffer_size=512k

tmp_table_size=64M

max_heap_table_size=64M

query_cache_type=0

query_cache_size=0

bulk_insert_buffer_size=32M

thread_cache_size=64

thread_concurrency=32

thread_stack=256K

################INNODB################

innodb_data_home_dir = /opt/mysql/data

innodb_log_group_home_dir = /opt/mysql/data

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend

innodb_buffer_pool_size=2G

innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 4

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1

innodb_lock_wait_timeout=10

innodb_file_per_table

innodb_log_files_in_group=3

innodb_support_xa=1

innodb_sync_spin_loops=40

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=90

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=16M

innodb_log_buffer_size=64M

innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT

innodb_file_format=Barracuda

innodb_io_capacity=2000

log_bin_trust_function_creators=1

innodb_purge_threads=1

innodb_purge_batch_size=32

innodb_old_blocks_pct=75

transaction_isolation=READ-COMMITTED

#innodb_read_io_threads=8

#innodb_write_io_threads=8

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet=128M

myisam_max_sort_sort_file_size=2G

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

 

[myisamchk]

key_buffer_size = 64M

sort_buffer_size =256K

read_buffer = 2M

write_buffer = 2M

 

[mysqlhotcopy]

interactive-timeout

 

 

主从修改配置后,我们重启mysql数据库,在来查看半同步复制

主库查看半同步复制

mysql5.623 GTID主从复制+半同步复制安装与配置_mysql5.623_05

从库查看半同步复制

mysql5.623 GTID主从复制+半同步复制安装与配置_mysql5.6_06

mysql5.623 GTID主从复制+半同步复制安装与配置_mysql5.6_07

上图说明半同步复制成功