javascript对象的创建

 

JavaScript中定义对象的几种方式(JavaScript中没有类的概念,只有对象): 

1) 基于已有对象扩充其属性和方法: 

var object = new Object();    object.name = "zhangsan";  object.sayName = function(name)  {  	this.name = name;  	alert(this.name);  }    object.sayName("lisi");


 

2)工厂方式 

//工厂方式创建对象    /*  function createObject()  {  	var object = new Object();    	object.username = "zhangsan";  	object.password = "123";    	object.get = function()  	{  		alert(this.username + ", " + this.password);  	}    	return object;  }    var object1 = createObject();  var object2 = createObject();    object1.get();


带参数的构造方法: 

function createObject(username, password)  {  	var object = new Object();    	object.username = username;  	object.password = password;    	object.get = function()  	{  		alert(this.username + ", " + this.password);  	}    	return object;  }    var object1 = createObject("zhangsan", "123");  object1.get();


 

让一个函数对象被多个对象所共享,而不是每一个对象拥有一个函数对象。 

function get()  {  	alert(this.username + ", " + this.password);  }    function createObject(username, password)  {  	var object = new Object();    	object.username = username;  	object.password = password;    	object.get = get;    	return object;  }    var object = createObject("zhangsan", "123");  var object2 = createObject("lisi", "456");    object.get();  object2.get();  


 

3)构造函数方式 

function Person()  {      //在执行第一行代码前,js引擎会为我们生成一个对象   this.username = "zhangsan";   this.password = "123";     this.getInfo = function()   {    alert(this.username + ", " + this.password);   }     //此处有一个隐藏的return语句,用于将之前生成的对象返回  }    var person = new Person();  person.getInfo();    


 

         可以在构造对象时传递参数 

function Person(username, password)  {  	this.username = username;  	this.password = password;    	this.getInfo = function()  	{  		alert(this.username + ", " + this.password);  	}  }    var person = new Person("zhangsan", "123");  person.getInfo();  


 

4)原型(“prototype”)方式 

//使用原型(prototype)方式创建对象    /*  function Person()  {    }    Person.prototype.username = "zhangsan";  Person.prototype.password = "123";    Person.prototype.getInfo = function()  {  	alert(this.username + ", " + this.password);  }    var person = new Person();  var person2 = new Person();    person.username = "lisi";    person.getInfo();  person2.getInfo();  */    


function Person()  {    }    Person.prototype.username = new Array();  Person.prototype.password = "123";    Person.prototype.getInfo = function()  {  	alert(this.username + ", " + this.password);  }    var person = new Person();  var person2 = new Person();    person.username.push("zhangsan");  person.username.push("lisi");  person.password = "456";    person.getInfo();  person2.getInfo();


如果使用原型方式对象,那么生成的所有对象会共享原型中的属性,这样一个对象改变了该属性也会反应到其他对象当中。

单纯使用原型方式定义对象无法在构造函数中为属性赋初值,只能在对象生成后再去改变属性值。 

 使用原型+构造函数方式来定义对象,对象之间的属性互不干扰,各  个对象间共享同一个方法 

//使用原型+构造函数方式来定义对象    function Person()  {  	this.username = new Array();  	this.password = "123";  }    Person.prototype.getInfo = function()  {  	alert(this.username + ", " + this.password);  }    var p = new Person();  var p2 = new Person();    p.username.push("zhangsan");  p2.username.push("lisi");    p.getInfo();  p2.getInfo();


 

5)动态原型方式:在构造函数中通过标志量让所有对象共享一个方法,而每个对象拥有自己的属性。 

function Person()  {  	this.username = "zhangsan";  	this.password = "123";    	if(typeof Person.flag == "undefined")  	{  		alert("invoked");  		  		Person.prototype.getInfo = function()  		{  			alert(this.username + ", " + this.password);  		}    		Person.flag = true;  	}  }    var p = new Person();  var p2 = new Person();    p.getInfo();  p2.getInfo();      


 

JavaScript中的继承。 

1) 对象冒充 

//继承第一种方式:对象冒充    function Parent(username)  {  	this.username = username;    	this.sayHello = function()  	{  		alert(this.username);  	}  }    function Child(username, password)  {  	//下面三行代码是最关键的代码  	this.method = Parent;  	this.method(username);  	delete this.method;    	this.password = password;    	this.sayWorld = function()  	{  		alert(this.password);  	}  }    var parent = new Parent("zhangsan");  var child = new Child("lisi", "1234");    parent.sayHello();    child.sayHello();  child.sayWorld();  


2) call方法方式。 

call方法是Function对象中的方法,因此我们定义的每个函数都拥有该方法。可以通过函数名来调用call方法,call方法的第一个参数会被传递给函数中的this,从第2个参数开始,逐一赋值给函数中的参数。 

//使用call方式实现对象的继承

function Parent(username) {  this.username = username;

 this.sayHello = function()  {   alert(this.username);  } }

function Child(username, password) {  Parent.call(this, username);

 this.password = password;

 this.sayWorld = function()  {   alert(this.password);  } }

var parent = new Parent("zhangsan");

var child = new Child("lisi", "123");

parent.sayHello();

child.sayHello(); child.sayWorld();

 

 

3) apply方法方式 

//使用apply方法实现对象继承    function Parent(username)  {  	this.username = username;    	this.sayHello = function()  	{  		alert(this.username);  	}  }    function Child(username, password)  {  	Parent.apply(this, new Array(username));    	this.password = password;    	this.sayWorld = function()  	{  		alert(this.password);  	}  }      var parent = new Parent("zhangsan");  var child = new Child("lisi", "123");    parent.sayHello();    child.sayHello();  child.sayWorld();


 

4)原型链方式(无法给构造函数传参数) 

//使用原型链(prototype chain)方式实现对象继承    function Parent()  {    }    Parent.prototype.hello = "hello";  Parent.prototype.sayHello = function()  {  	alert(this.hello);  }    function Child()  {    }    Child.prototype = new Parent();    Child.prototype.world = "world";  Child.prototype.sayWorld = function()  {  	alert(this.world);  }    var child = new Child();    child.sayHello();  child.sayWorld();      


5)混合方式(推荐) 

//使用混合方式实现对象继承(推荐)    function Parent(hello)  {  	this.hello = hello;  }    Parent.prototype.sayHello = function()  {  	alert(this.hello);  }    function Child(hello, world)  {  	Parent.call(this, hello);    	this.world = world;  }    Child.prototype = new Parent();    Child.prototype.sayWorld = function()  {  	alert(this.world);  }    var child = new Child("hello", "world");    child.sayHello();  child.sayWorld();