PostgreSql复制表使用说明_Postgresql

PostgreSql复制表有很多选项,有些时候做完复制表的操作,发现无法将表的描述等信息复制过去,这里详细介绍一下PostgreSql复制表的相关操作

创建测试表并写入数据

创建学生表
CREATE TABLE "public"."student" (
  "student_id" int4 NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval('student_student_id_seq'::regclass),
  "name" varchar(50) COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default" NOT NULL,
  "age" int4 NOT NULL,
  "gender" varchar(10) COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default" NOT NULL,
  "address" varchar(100) COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default" NOT NULL,
  "phone" varchar(20) COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default" NOT NULL,
  "grade" varchar(20) COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default" NOT NULL,
  CONSTRAINT "student_pkey" PRIMARY KEY ("student_id")
);

ALTER TABLE "public"."student" 
  OWNER TO "postgres";
COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."student"."student_id" IS '学生id';
COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."student"."name" IS '姓名';
COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."student"."age" IS '年龄';
COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."student"."gender" IS '性别';
COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."student"."address" IS '地址';
COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."student"."phone" IS '电话';
COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."student"."grade" IS '年级';
写入数据
INSERT INTO student (name, age, gender, address, phone, grade) VALUES ('John Doe', 18, 'Male', 'Beijing', '1234567890', 'Grade 10');
INSERT INTO student (name, age, gender, address, phone, grade) VALUES ('Jane Smith', 19, 'Female', 'Shanghai', '0987654321', 'Grade 11');
INSERT INTO student (name, age, gender, address, phone, grade) VALUES ('Mike Johnson', 17, 'Male', 'Guangzhou', '9876543210', 'Grade 12');

复制学生表

CREATE TABLE student2 AS SELECT * FROM student;

发现问题

创建的student2表,没有字段描述信息

问题原因

使用CREATE TABLE student2 AS SELECT * FROM student语句复制表时,不会将字段描述复制过去。这是因为字段描述是表级别的元数据,而不是数据本身的一部分。在PostgreSQL中,字段描述存储在系统目录表中,而不是在数据表中。

因此,当使用CREATE TABLE ... AS SELECT语句复制表时,只会复制数据和字段定义,而不会复制字段描述。如果您希望复制字段描述,您需要手动为新表添加字段描述。

解决方案1

使用COMMENT语句为新表的字段添加描述:

-- 创建student2表,复制字段定义和数据
CREATE TABLE student2 AS SELECT * FROM student;

-- 为student2表的字段添加描述
COMMENT ON COLUMN student2.student_id IS '学生id';
COMMENT ON COLUMN student2.name IS '姓名';
COMMENT ON COLUMN student2.age IS '年龄';
COMMENT ON COLUMN student2.gender IS '性别';
COMMENT ON COLUMN student2.address IS '地址';
COMMENT ON COLUMN student2.phone IS '电话';
COMMENT ON COLUMN student2.grade IS '年级';

解决方案2

CREATE TABLE ... (LIKE ...) 复制表

可以使用 CREATE TABLE ... (LIKE ...) 语句来复制表,并使用 INCLUDING 子句来指定要包括的对象,要复制表并包括索引和注释。

CREATE TABLE student3 (LIKE student INCLUDING INDEXES INCLUDING COMMENTS);

查看表详情,可以看到,已经复制了表的字段描述

INCLUDING 其它选项说明
  • INCLUDING ALL:包括所有对象,相当于 INCLUDING INDEXES INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS INCLUDING DEFAULTS INCLUDING STORAGE INCLUDING COMMENTS INCLUDING STATISTICS INCLUDING GENERATED INCLUDING RULES INCLUDING TRIGGERS
  • INCLUDING INDEXES:包括表的索引。
  • INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS:包括表的约束。
  • INCLUDING DEFAULTS:包括表的默认值。
  • INCLUDING STORAGE:包括表的存储参数。
  • INCLUDING COMMENTS:包括表的注释。
  • INCLUDING STATISTICS:包括表的统计信息。
  • INCLUDING GENERATED:包括表的生成列。
  • INCLUDING RULES:包括表的规则。
  • INCLUDING TRIGGERS:包括表的触发器。

你可以根据需要选择适当的 INCLUDING 选项来复制表。