（一）openstack的命令帮助：
（1）使用帮助命令：
①命令后面加help格式：
1、neutron help|grep router //类似这样的格式帮助就能得到对应的功能
2、glance help image-update //类似这样的帮助
[] 是可选命令
<> 是必须命令
②使用帮助命令：
1、nova help boot {boot是nova的一个子命令},一般情况下查子命令的帮助，就是nova help boot，然后就能得到他的语法结构
[root@controller ~(keystone_user1)]# nova help boot
usage: nova boot [--flavor <flavor>] [--image <image>]
[--image-with <key=value>] [--boot-volume <volume_id>]
[--snapshot <snapshot_id>] [--min-count <number>]
[--max-count <number>] [--meta <key=value>]
[--file <dst-path=src-path>] [--key-name <key-name>]
[--user-data <user-data>]
[--availability-zone <availability-zone>]
[--security-groups <security-groups>]
[--block-device-mapping <dev-name=mapping>]
[--block-device key1=value1[,key2=value2...]]
[--swap <swap_size>]
[--ephemeral size=<size>[,format=<format>]]
[--hint <key=value>]
[--nic <net-id=net-uuid,v4-fixed-ip=ip-addr,v6-fixed-ip=ip-addr,port-id=port-uuid>]
[--config-drive <value>] [--poll]
<name>
2、nova boot --flavor web1 --image web1 --key-name key01 --security-groups sec01 --nic net-id=ef08363a-c9d7-4fc1-99f5-bc80c0043a29 web1 //启动一个云主机
Boot a new server.
Positional arguments:
<name> Name for the new server
Optional arguments:
--flavor <flavor> Name or ID of flavor (see 'nova flavor-list').
--image <image> Name or ID of image (see 'nova image-list').
--image-with <key=value> Image metadata property (see 'nova image-
show').
--boot-volume <volume_id> Volume ID to boot from.
--snapshot <snapshot_id> Snapshot ID to boot from (will create a
volume).
--min-count <number> Boot at least <number> servers (limited by
quota).
--max-count <number> Boot up to <number> servers (limited by
quota).
--meta <key=value> Record arbitrary key/value metadata to
/meta.js on the new server. Can be specified
multiple times.
--file <dst-path=src-path> Store arbitrary files from <src-path> locally
to <dst-path> on the new server. You may store
up to 5 files.
--key-name <key-name> Key name of keypair that should be created
earlier with the command keypair-add
--user-data <user-data> user data file to pass to be exposed by the
metadata server.
--availability-zone <availability-zone>
The availability zone for server placement.
--security-groups <security-groups>
Comma separated list of security group names.
--block-device-mapping <dev-name=mapping>
Block device mapping in the format <dev-
name>=<id>:<type>:<size(GB)>:<delete-on-
terminate>.
--block-device key1=value1[,key2=value2...]
Block device mapping with the keys: id=UUID
(image_id, snapshot_id or volume_id only if
using source image, snapshot or volume)
source=source type (image, snapshot, volume or
blank), dest=destination type of the block
device (volume or local), bus=device's bus
(e.g. uml, lxc, virtio, ...; if omitted,
hypervisor driver chooses a suitable default,
honoured only if device type is supplied)
type=device type (e.g. disk, cdrom, ...;
defaults to 'disk') device=name of the device
(e.g. vda, xda, ...; if omitted, hypervisor
driver chooses suitable device depending on
selected bus), size=size of the block device
in GB (if omitted, hypervisor driver
calculates size), format=device will be
formatted (e.g. swap, ntfs, ...; optional),
bootindex=integer used for ordering the boot
disks (for image backed instances it is equal
to 0, for others need to be specified) and
shutdown=shutdown behaviour (either preserve
or remove, for local destination set to
remove).
--swap <swap_size> Create and attach a local swap block device of
<swap_size> MB.
--ephemeral size=<size>[,format=<format>]
Create and attach a local ephemeral block
device of <size> GB and format it to <format>.
--hint <key=value> Send arbitrary key/value pairs to the
scheduler for custom use.
--nic <net-id=net-uuid,v4-fixed-ip=ip-addr,v6-fixed-ip=ip-addr,port-id=port-uuid>
Create a NIC on the server. Specify option
multiple times to create multiple NICs. net-
id: attach NIC to network with this UUID
(either port-id or net-id must be provided),
v4-fixed-ip: IPv4 fixed address for NIC
(optional), v6-fixed-ip: IPv6 fixed address
for NIC (optional), port-id: attach NIC to
port with this UUID (either port-id or net-id
must be provided).
--config-drive <value> Enable config drive
--poll Report the new server boot progress until it
completes.
（2）帮助命令实例：
①cinder help create
usage: cinder create [--snapshot-id <snapshot-id>]
[--source-volid <source-volid>] [--image-id <image-id>]
[--display-name <display-name>]
[--display-description <display-description>]
[--volume-type <volume-type>]
[--availability-zone <availability-zone>]
[--metadata [<key=value> [<key=value> ...]]]
<size>
Creates a volume.
Positional arguments:
<size> Volume size, in GBs.
Optional arguments:
--snapshot-id <snapshot-id>
Creates volume from snapshot ID. Default=None.
--source-volid <source-volid>
Creates volume from volume ID. Default=None.
--image-id <image-id>
Creates volume from image ID. Default=None.
--display-name <display-name>
Volume name. Default=None.
--display-description <display-description>
Volume description. Default=None.
--volume-type <volume-type>
Volume type. Default=None.
--availability-zone <availability-zone>
Availability zone for volume. Default=None.
--metadata [<key=value> [<key=value> ...]]
Metadata key and value pairs. Default=None.
1、 cinder create size 1 //<size> 尖括号是必选项，中括号是可选项，所以执行这个就可以
②假设要创建一个子网：｛就是在要使用的命令前面加help｝
neutron help subnet-create
usage: neutron subnet-create [-h] [-f {shell,table,value}] [-c COLUMN]
[--max-width <integer>] [--prefix PREFIX]
[--request-format {json,xml}]
[--tenant-id TENANT_ID] [--name NAME]
[--gateway GATEWAY_IP] [--no-gateway]
[--allocation-pool start=IP_ADDR,end=IP_ADDR]
[--host-route destination=CIDR,nexthop=IP_ADDR]
[--dns-nameserver DNS_NAMESERVER]
[--disable-dhcp] [--enable-dhcp]
[--ipv6-ra-mode {dhcpv6-stateful,dhcpv6-stateless,slaac}]
[--ipv6-address-mode {dhcpv6-stateful,dhcpv6-stateless,slaac}]
[--ip-version {4,6}]
NETWORK CIDR
Create a subnet for a given tenant.
positional arguments:
NETWORK Network ID or name this subnet belongs to.
CIDR CIDR of subnet to create.
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--request-format {json,xml}
The XML or JSON request format.
--tenant-id TENANT_ID
The owner tenant ID.
--name NAME Name of this subnet.
--gateway GATEWAY_IP Gateway IP of this subnet.
--no-gateway No distribution of gateway.
--allocation-pool start=IP_ADDR,end=IP_ADDR
Allocation pool IP addresses for this subnet (This
option can be repeated).
--host-route destination=CIDR,nexthop=IP_ADDR
Additional route (This option can be repeated).
--dns-nameserver DNS_NAMESERVER
DNS name server for this subnet (This option can be
repeated).
--disable-dhcp Disable DHCP for this subnet.
--enable-dhcp Enable DHCP for this subnet.
--ipv6-ra-mode {dhcpv6-stateful,dhcpv6-stateless,slaac}
IPv6 RA (Router Advertisement) mode.
--ipv6-address-mode {dhcpv6-stateful,dhcpv6-stateless,slaac}
IPv6 address mode.
--ip-version {4,6} IP version to use, default is 4.
output formatters:
output formatter options
-f {shell,table,value}, --format {shell,table,value}
the output format, defaults to table
-c COLUMN, --column COLUMN
specify the column(s) to include, can be repeated
table formatter:
--max-width <integer>
Maximum display width, 0 to disable
shell formatter:
a format a UNIX shell can parse (variable="value")
--prefix PREFIX add a prefix to all variable names
--disable-dhcp --disable-snat --distributed
1、[root@controller ~(keystone_admin)]# neutron subnet-create --name pubsubnet01 --gateway 10.1.1.254 --allocation-pool start=10.1.1.20,end=10.1.1.30 --disable-dhcp public 10.1.1.0/24
