一、rac安装规划
官网安装过程：https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/21/rilin/index.html
1.1、所需软件介绍
Oracle RAC不支持异构平台。在同一个集群中，可以支持具有速度和规模不同的机器，但所有节点必须运行在相同的操作系统。Oracle RAC不支持具有不同的芯片架构的机器。
备注：
1、OS内存至少8G
2、安装OS和数据库前需要对下载好的安装包进行MD5值校验，检查其完整性
21c数据库软件下载可以参考：https://www.xmmup.com/dbbao76zaidockerzhongzhixu2bujikeyongyouoracle-21chuanjing.html
1.2、IP地址规划 从Oracle
11g开始，一共至少7个IP地址，2块网卡，其中public、vip和scan都在同一个网段，private在另一个网段，主机名不要包含下横线
，如：RAC_01是不允许的；通过执行ifconfig -a检查2个节点的网卡名称必须一致。另外，在安装之前，公网、私网共4个IP可以ping通，其它3个不能ping通才是正常的。 从18c开始，scan建议至少3个。
1.3、操作系统本地磁盘分区规划
除了/boot分区外，其它分区均采用逻辑卷的方式，这样有利于文件系统的扩展。
1.4、共享存储与ASM磁盘组规划
二、操作系统配置
若无特殊说明，那么以下操作在2个节点均需要执行。
2.1、准备OS
安装步骤略
也可以下载小麦苗已经安装好的虚拟机环境：https://www.xmmup.com/ziliaofenxiang.html
各种操作系统下的数据库安装文件（Linux、Windows、AIX等）：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Rzf28aIBJYFnL86SMTsF-w（提取码：lhr6）
安装一台虚拟机，然后复制改名，如下：
用虚拟机软件打开：
2.2、添加网卡
首先，需要添加网卡适配器：
VMnet2如下：
VMnet8如下：
网关为：192.168.59.2，如下所示：
先删除再添加，添加2块网卡，VMnet8为公有网卡，VMnet2为私有网卡，如下所示：
打开后，选择我已复制该虚拟机。
2.3、修改主机名
修改2个节点的主机名为raclhr-21c-n1和raclhr-21c-n2：
hostnamectl set-hostname raclhr-21c-n1
hostnamectl set-hostname raclhr-21c-n22.4、配置静态IP地址
在2个节点上分别配置静态IP地址。
在节点2上配置IP的时候注意将IP地址（IPADDR）修改掉。需要确保2个节点上的网卡MAC地址不一样，否则节点间不能通信。
2.4.1、修改mac地址
使用ifconfig或ip link show查看mac地址，修改文件/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-ipoib.rules
cat > /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-ipoib.rules <<"EOF" SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:25:83:db", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="ens33" SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:25:83:e5", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="ens34" EOF2.4.2、配置静态IP地址
注意修改IPADDR和HWADDR地址。
1、配置公网：/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
cat > /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 <<"EOF" DEVICE=ens33 NAME=ens33 IPADDR=192.168.59.62 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=192.168.59.2 ONBOOT=yes USERCTL=no BOOTPROTO=static HWADDR=00:0c:29:25:83:db TYPE=Ethernet IPV6INIT=no DNS1=114.114.114.114 DNS2=8.8.8.8 NM_CONTROLLED=no EOF2、配置私网：/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens34
cat > /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens34 <<"EOF"
DEVICE=ens34
NAME=ens34
IPADDR=192.168.2.62
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ONBOOT=yes
USERCTL=no
BOOTPROTO=static
HWADDR=00:0c:29:25:83:e5
TYPE=Ethernet
IPV6INIT=no
DNS1=114.114.114.114
DNS2=8.8.8.8
NM_CONTROLLED=no
EOF该部分内容做完后，可以重启一次OS。
2.5、关闭防火墙
systemctl disable firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl status firewalld
systemctl list-unit-files | grep fire2.6、禁用selinux
手工修改/etc/selinux/config的SELINUX=disabled，或使用下面命令
sed -i '/^SELINUX=.*/ s//SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config2.7、修改/etc/hosts文件
#Public IP
192.168.59.62 raclhr-21c-n1
192.168.59.63 raclhr-21c-n2
#Private IP
192.168.2.62 raclhr-21c-n1-priv
192.168.2.63 raclhr-21c-n2-priv
#Virtual IP
192.168.59.64 raclhr-21c-n1-vip
192.168.59.65 raclhr-21c-n2-vip
#Scan IP
192.168.59.66 raclhr-21c-scan
192.168.59.67 raclhr-21c-scan
192.168.59.68 raclhr-21c-scan注意：需要保留127.0.0.1 localhost这行。
2.8、添加组和用户
groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
groupadd -g 54322 dba
groupadd -g 54323 oper
groupadd -g 54324 backupdba
groupadd -g 54325 dgdba
groupadd -g 54326 kmdba
groupadd -g 54327 asmdba
groupadd -g 54328 asmoper
groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin
groupadd -g 54330 racdba
useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba,oper oracle
useradd -u 54322 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba,racdba grid
echo lhr | passwd --stdin oracle
echo lhr | passwd --stdin grid2.9、创建安装目录
2.9.1、挂载/u01目录
首先，在2个节点都各自添加一块200g大小的磁盘：
然后做卷组，200g磁盘大约分10个PE，每个PE大约20g：
[root@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]# fdisk -l | grep sd
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073.7 GB, 1073741824000 bytes, 2097152000 sectors
/dev/sdb1 2048 209717247 104857600 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2 209717248 419432447 104857600 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb3 419432448 629147647 104857600 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb4 629147648 2097151999 734002176 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 629149696 838864895 104857600 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb6 838866944 1048582143 104857600 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb7 1048584192 1258299391 104857600 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb8 1258301440 1468016639 104857600 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb9 1468018688 1677733887 104857600 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb10 1677735936 1887451135 104857600 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb11 1887453184 2097151999 104849408 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 180248575 89074688 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdc: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
[root@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x6d06be8a.
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): l
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x6d06be8a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-419430399, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-419430399, default 419430399): +20G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (2-4, default 2):
First sector (41945088-419430399, default 41945088):
Using default value 41945088
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (41945088-419430399, default 419430399): +20G
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p Partition number (3,4, default 3):
First sector (83888128-419430399, default 83888128):
Using default value 83888128
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (83888128-419430399, default 419430399): +20G
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (3 primary, 0 extended, 1 free)
e extended Select (default e):
Using default response e
Selected partition 4
First sector (125831168-419430399, default 125831168):
Using default value 125831168
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (125831168-419430399, default 419430399):
Using default value 419430399
Partition 4 of type Extended and of size 140 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (125833216-419430399, default 125833216):
Using default value 125833216
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (125833216-419430399, default 419430399): +20G
Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 6
First sector (167778304-419430399, default 167778304):
Using default value 167778304
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (167778304-419430399, default 419430399): +20G
Partition 6 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 7
First sector (209723392-419430399, default 209723392):
Using default value 209723392
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (209723392-419430399, default 419430399): +20G
Partition 7 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 8 First sector (251668480-419430399, default 251668480):
Using default value 251668480
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (251668480-419430399, default 419430399): +20G
Partition 8 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 9
First sector (293613568-419430399, default 293613568):
Using default value 293613568 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (293613568-419430399, default 419430399): +20G
Partition 9 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 10
First sector (335558656-419430399, default 335558656):
Using default value 335558656 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (335558656-419430399, default 419430399): +20G
Partition 10 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 11
First sector (377503744-419430399, default 377503744):
Using default value 377503744
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (377503744-419430399, default 419430399): +20G
Value out of range.
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (377503744-419430399, default 419430399):
Using default value 419430399
Partition 11 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x6d06be8a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 41945087 20971520 83 Linux
/dev/sdc2 41945088 83888127 20971520 83 Linux
/dev/sdc3 83888128 125831167 20971520 83 Linux
/dev/sdc4 125831168 419430399 146799616 5 Extended
/dev/sdc5 125833216 167776255 20971520 83 Linux
/dev/sdc6 167778304 209721343 20971520 83 Linux
/dev/sdc7 209723392 251666431 20971520 83 Linux
/dev/sdc8 251668480 293611519 20971520 83 Linux
/dev/sdc9 293613568 335556607 20971520 83 Linux
/dev/sdc10 335558656 377501695 20971520 83 Linux
/dev/sdc11 377503744 419430399 20963328 83 Linux
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-11, default 11): 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-11, default 11): 2
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-11, default 11): 3
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-11, default 11): 5
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-11, default 11): 6
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-11, default 11): 7
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-11, default 11): 8
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-11, default 11): 9
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-11, default 11): 10
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-11, default 11):
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Empty' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x6d06be8a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 41945087 20971520 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdc2 41945088 83888127 20971520 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdc3 83888128 125831167 20971520 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdc4 125831168 419430399 146799616 5 Extended
/dev/sdc5 125833216 167776255 20971520 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdc6 167778304 209721343 20971520 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdc7 209723392 251666431 20971520 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdc8 251668480 293611519 20971520 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdc9 293613568 335556607 20971520 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdc10 335558656 377501695 20971520 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdc11 377503744 419430399 20963328 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.分区完成后，开始创建逻辑卷，挂载分区等操作：
pvcreate /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdc3 /dev/sdc5 /dev/sdc6 /dev/sdc7 /dev/sdc8 /dev/sdc9 /dev/sdc10 /dev/sdc11
vgcreate vg_oracle /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdc3 /dev/sdc5 /dev/sdc6 /dev/sdc7 /dev/sdc8 /dev/sdc9 /dev/sdc10 /dev/sdc11
lvcreate -n lv_orasoft_u01 -L 60G vg_oracle
mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_oracle/lv_orasoft_u01
mkdir /u01
mount /dev/vg_oracle/lv_orasoft_u01 /u01
echo "/dev/vg_oracle/lv_orasoft_u01 /u01 ext4 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab查询：
[root@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3.9G 13M 3.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos_lhrdocker-root 50G 5.0G 42G 11% /
/dev/sda1 976M 143M 767M 16% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos_lhrdocker-home 9.8G 41M 9.2G 1% /home
/dev/mapper/vg_docker-lv_docker 788G 73M 748G 1% /var/lib/docker
tmpfs 797M 12K 797M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 797M 0 797M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg_oracle-lv_orasoft_u01 59G 53M 56G 1% /u012.9.2、创建目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/21.3.0/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/21.3.0/dbhome_1
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01/
mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oraInventory2.10、配置grid和oracle用户的环境变量文件
oracle用户：
cat >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile <<"EOF"
umask 022
export ORACLE_SID=rac21c1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/21.3.0/dbhome_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
export TMP=/tmp export TMPDIR=$TMP
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH
export EDITOR=vi
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export ORACLE_PATH=.:$ORACLE_BASE/dba_scripts/sql:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
export SQLPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin
#export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK" --AL32UTF8 SELECT userenv('LANGUAGE') db_NLS_LANG FROM DUAL;
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_CHINA.ZHS16GBK"
alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'
alias rman='rlwrap rman'
alias asmcmd='rlwrap asmcmd'
alias dgmgrl='rlwrap dgmgrl'
alias sas='sqlplus / as sysdba'
EOF
cat >> /home/grid/.bash_profile <<"EOF"
umask 022
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/21.3.0/grid
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'
alias asmcmd='rlwrap asmcmd'
alias dgmgrl='rlwrap dgmgrl'
alias sas='sqlplus / as sysdba'
EOF注意：另外一台数据库实例名须做相应修改：
Oracle：export ORACLE_SID=rac21c2grid：export ORACLE_SID=+ASM2
2.11、配置root用户的环境变量
cat >> /etc/profile <<"EOF"
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/21.3.0/grid
export GRID_BASE=$ORACLE_BASE
export GRID_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
EOF2.12、安装软件依赖包
yum install -y openssh-clients openssh-server initscripts net-tools telnet which wget \
passwd e4fsprogs lrzsz sudo unzip lvm2 tree traceroute lsof file tar systemd \
bridge-utils mlocate mailx strace less mmv stress
yum install -y dos2unix rlwrap xdpyinfo xorg-x11-apps nmap numactl numactl-devel \
iproute rsyslog bash-completion tmux sysbench vim redhat-lsb smartmontools xinetd \
gcc make sysstat ksh binutils socat cmake automake autoconf bzr bison libtool deltarpm \
rsync libev pv subversion nload gnuplot jq oniguruma
yum-fastestmirror net-snmp net-snmp-utils \
nfs-utils rpcbind postfix dovecot bind-utils bind bind-chroot dnsmasq haproxy keepalived bzr \
fio bzip2 ntp flex lftp yum install -y ncurses-devel libgcrypt-devel libaio libaio-devel \
perl perl-Env perl-devel perl-Time-HiRes perl-DBD-MySQL perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker perl-TermReadKey \
perl-Config-Tiny perl-Email-Date-Format perl-Log-Dispatch perl-Mail-Sender perl-Mail-Sendmail \
perl-MIME-Lite perl-Parallel-ForkManager perl-Digest-MD5 perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder perl-IO-Socket-SSL \
perl-JSON openssl-devel libverto-devel libsepol-devel libselinux-devel libkadm5 keyutils-libs-devel \
krb5-devel libcom_err-devel cyrus-sasl* perl-DBD-Pg perf slang perl-DBI perl-CPAN \
perl-ExtUtils-eBuilder cpan perl-tests
yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33 gcc-c++
glibc glibc-common glibc.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel.i686 \
libgcc libgcc.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libaio.i686 libaio-devel.i686 \
libXext libXext.i686 libXtst libXtst.i686 libX11 libX11.i686 libXau libXau.i686 \
libxcb libxcb.i686 libXi libXi.i686 unixODBC unixODBC-devel zlib-devel zlib-devel.i686 \
compat-libcap1 libXp libXp-devel libXp.i686 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel compat-db \
gnome-libs pdksh xscreensaver fontconfig-devel libXrender-devel
yum remove PackageKit -y检查：
rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n' binutils \
compat-libcap1 \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-devel \
ksh \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libXext \
libXtst \
libX11 \
libXau \
libxcb \
libXi \
make \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
sysstat | grep "not installed"2.13、配置内核参数
2.13.1、修改/etc/sysctl.conf文件
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf <<"EOF"
vm.swappiness = 1
vm.dirty_background_ratio = 3
vm.dirty_ratio = 80
vm.dirty_expire_centisecs = 500
vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs = 100
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
kernel.watchdog_thresh=30
EOF生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p2.13.2、修改/etc/security/limits.conf文件
echo "grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
grid soft stack 10240
grid hard stack 32768
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle hard memlock 8145728
oracle soft memlock 8145728
root soft nproc 2047 " >> /etc/security/limits.conf2.13.3、修改/etc/pam.d/login文件
echo "session required pam_limits.so" >> /etc/pam.d/login2.13.4、修改/etc/profile文件
cat >> /etc/profile << "EOF"
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi
EOF2.14、关闭NTP和chrony服务
可以采用操作系统的NTP服务，也可以使用Oracle自带的服务ctss，如果ntp没有启用，那么Oracle会自动启用自己的ctssd进程。 从oracle 11gR2 RAC开始使用Cluster Time Synchronization Service(CTSS)同步各节点的时间,当安装程序发现NTP协议处于非活动状态时，安装集群时间同步服务将以活动模式（active）自动进行安装并同步所有节点的时间。如果发现配置了NTP，则以观察者模式（observer mode）启动集群时间同步服务，Oracle Clusterware不会在集群中进行活动的时间同步。
systemctl stop ntpd
systemctl disable ntpd.service
mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.bakChrony是一个开源的自由软件，它能帮助你保持系统时钟与时钟服务器（NTP）同步，因此让你的时间保持精确。它由两个程序组成，分别是chronyd和chronyc。chronyd是一个后台运行的守护进程，用于调整内核中运行的系统时钟和时钟服务器同步。它确定计算机增减时间的比率，并对此进行补偿。chronyc提供了一个用户界面，用于监控性能并进行多样化的配置。它可以在chronyd实例控制的计算机上工作，也可以在一台不同的远程计算机上工作。
systemctl disable chronyd
systemctl stop chronyd
mv /etc/chrony.conf /etc/chrony.conf_bak2.15、关闭avahi-daemon
systemctl stop avahi-daemon
systemctl disable avahi-daemonAvahi允许程序在不需要进行手动网络配置的情况 下，在一个本地网络中发布和获知各种服务和主机。例如，当某用户把他的计算机接入到某个局域网时，如果他的机器运行有Avahi服务，则Avahi程式自动广播，从而发现网络中可用的打印机、共享文件和可相互聊天的其他用户。这有点象他正在接收局域网中的各种网络广告一样。 Linux下系统实际启动的进程名，是avahi-daemon。
2.16、将NOZEROCONF=yes添加到/etc/sysconfig/network文件中
echo 'NOZEROCONF=yes' >> /etc/sysconfig/network2.17、禁用透明大页
参考：https://www.xmmup.com/linux-biaozhundayehetoumingdaye.html
cat >> /etc/rc.local <<"EOF"
if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled; then
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
fi
if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag; then
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
fi
EOF
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
sh /etc/rc.local
cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled建议配置大页功能，参考：https://www.xmmup.com/oracleshujukupeizhidaye.html
2.18、停止不用的服务
systemctl list-unit-files | grep enable
systemctl stop autofs
systemctl stop nfslock
systemctl stop rpcidmapd
systemctl stop rpcgssd
systemctl stop ntpd
systemctl stop bluetooth.service
systemctl stop cups.path
systemctl stop cups.socket
systemctl stop postfix.service
systemctl stop rpcbind.service
systemctl stop rpcbind.socket
systemctl stop NetworkManager-dispatcher.service
systemctl stop dbus-org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.service
systemctl stop abrt-ccpp.service
systemctl stop cups.service
systemctl stop libvirtd
systemctl disable autofs
systemctl disable nfslock
systemctl disable rpcidmapd
systemctl disable rpcgssd
systemctl disable ntpd
systemctl disable bluetooth.service
systemctl disable cups.path
systemctl disable cups.socket
systemctl disable postfix.service
systemctl disable rpcbind.service
systemctl disable rpcbind.socket
systemctl disable NetworkManager-dispatcher.service
systemctl disable dbus-org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.service
systemctl disable abrt-ccpp.service
systemctl disable cups.service
systemctl disable libvirtd2.19、提升开关机速度
在centos在关机或开机时一直等待，等待时间久，卡住时间久，提示A stop job is running for ……
解决：
cat >> /etc/systemd/system.conf << "EOF"
DefaultTimeoutStartSec=30s
DefaultTimeoutStopSec=30s
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload三、配置共享存储
这个是重点，也是最容易出错的地方。共享存储可以使用第三方软件提供的方式来共享（例如openfiler），也可以使用 WMware Workstation软件进行存储共享，也可以使用ISCSI网络存储服务来配置共享存储。 我们本次使用ISCSI网络存储服务+udev的方式进行模拟共享存储，将节点2上的多出的磁盘作为共享存储。
3.1、服务端配置 这里的服务端即节点2。
3.1.1、创建LVM
在节点2执行：
lvcreate -L 1g -n lv_ocr1 vg_oracle
lvcreate -L 1g -n lv_ocr2 vg_oracle
lvcreate -L 1g -n lv_ocr3 vg_oracle
lvcreate -L 10g -n lv_mgmt1 vg_oracle
lvcreate -L 10g -n lv_mgmt2 vg_oracle
lvcreate -L 10g -n lv_mgmt3 vg_oracle
lvcreate -L 15g -n lv_data1 vg_oracle
lvcreate -L 15g -n lv_data2 vg_oracle
lvcreate -L 15g -n lv_data3 vg_oracle
lvcreate -L 10g -n lv_fra1 vg_oracle
lvcreate -L 10g -n lv_fra2 vg_oracle
lvcreate -L 10g -n lv_fra3 vg_oracle3.1.2、使用yum安装targetd和targetcli
在节点2执行：
yum -y install targetd targetcli
systemctl start target
systemctl enable target
systemctl status target
systemctl list-unit-files|grep target.service同时确认targetd服务启动状态和开机启动。
3.1.3、使用targetcli创建设备
targetcli进入命令行，cd到/backstores/block目录下，创建设备：
targetcli
ls
cd /backstores/block
create ocr1 /dev/vg_oracle/lv_ocr1
create ocr2 /dev/vg_oracle/lv_ocr2
create ocr3 /dev/vg_oracle/lv_ocr3
create mgmt1 /dev/vg_oracle/lv_mgmt1
create mgmt2 /dev/vg_oracle/lv_mgmt2
create mgmt3 /dev/vg_oracle/lv_mgmt3
create data1 /dev/vg_oracle/lv_data1
create data2 /dev/vg_oracle/lv_data2
create data3 /dev/vg_oracle/lv_data3
create fra1 /dev/vg_oracle/lv_fra1
create fra2 /dev/vg_oracle/lv_fra2
create fra3 /dev/vg_oracle/lv_fra3执行过程：
3.1.4、使用targetcli创建iqn和LUN
cd到/iscsi目录下，创建iqn；cd到/iscsi/iqn.20...0be/tpg1/luns下创建LUN，参考命令如下：
cd /iscsi create iqn.2021-08.xmmup.com:rac-21c-shared-disks
cd /iscsi/iqn.2021-08.xmmup.com:rac-21c-shared-disks/tpg1/luns
create /backstores/block/ocr1
create /backstores/block/ocr2
create /backstores/block/ocr3
create /backstores/block/mgmt1
create /backstores/block/mgmt2
create /backstores/block/mgmt3
create /backstores/block/data1
create /backstores/block/data2
create /backstores/block/data3
create /backstores/block/fra1
create /backstores/block/fra2
create /backstores/block/fra3执行过程：
3.1.5、使用targetcli创建acls
设置哪些设备可以连接到此iqn上：
cd到acls目录下，创建2个client的acls，参考命令如下：
cd /iscsi/iqn.2021-08.xmmup.com:rac-21c-shared-disks/tpg1/acls
create iqn.2021-08.xmmup.com:rac-21c-shared-disks:client62
create iqn.2021-08.xmmup.com:rac-21c-shared-disks:client63执行：
3.1.6、配置target监听IP和端口
cd到portals目录下创建portals：
cd /iscsi/iqn.2021-08.xmmup.com:rac-21c-shared-disks/tpg1/portals
delete 0.0.0.0 3260
create 192.168.59.63执行过程：
3.1.7、保存配置
cd /
saveconfig说明：可以查看/etc/target/saveconfig.json配置文件，该配置文件保存着ISCSI的配置。
/iscsi/iqn.20.../tpg1/portals> cd /
/> saveconfig
Configuration saved to /etc/target/saveconfig.json
/>3.2、客户端配置
客户端即节点1和节点2都需要配置。
3.2.1、安装服务并启动
yum -y install iscsi-initiator-utils
-- 注意节点2的不同，应该为“client63”
echo "InitiatorName=iqn.2021-08.xmmup.com:rac-21c-shared-disks:client62" > /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi
systemctl enable iscsid
systemctl start iscsid
systemctl status iscsid
-- 修改文件/usr/lib/systemd/system/iscsi.service，在“[Service]”下添加如下内容：
TimeoutStartSec=5sec
TimeoutStopSec=5sec
systemctl daemon-reload3.2.2、使用iscsiadm发现可用存储设备并登陆连接
-- 找到可用存储设备：
iscsiadm -m discovery -t st -p 192.168.59.63
-- 登陆连接： iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2021-08.xmmup.com:rac-21c-shared-disks -p 192.168.59.63 --login
-- 若是重新配置，则删除以下内容，并重启OS才能生效
rm -rf /var/lib/iscsi/nodes/*
rm -rf /var/lib/iscsi/send_targets/*
此时使用fdisk -l | grep dev查看已经正常显示所有设备：
3.2.3、创建并配置udev rules文件
直接运行如下的脚本：
-- 创建ASM磁盘udev配置文件
for i in d e f g h i j k l m n o; do
echo "KERNEL==\"sd*\",ENV{DEVTYPE}==\"disk\",SUBSYSTEM==\"block\",PROGRAM==\"/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d \$devnode\",RESULT==\"`/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u /dev/sd$i`\", RUN+=\"/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asm-disk$i b \$major \$minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asm-disk$i; chmod 0660 /dev/asm-disk$i'\"" >> /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
done
-- 重启服务：
/sbin/udevadm trigger --type=devices --action=change
/sbin/udevadm control --reload
-- 查看磁盘
ll /dev/asm*执行过程：
[root@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]# for i in d e f g h i j k l m n o; do
> echo "KERNEL==\"sd*\",ENV{DEVTYPE}==\"disk\",SUBSYSTEM==\"block\",PROGRAM==\"/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d \$devnode\",RESULT==\"`/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u /dev/sd$i`\", RUN+=\"/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asm-disk$i b \$major \$minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asm-disk$i; chmod 0660 /dev/asm-disk$i'\"" >> /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
> done
[root@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="360014054269a99f369e49f3b96c36a1f", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asm-diskd b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asm-diskd; chmod 0660 /dev/asm-diskd'"
KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="360014050e1a3ca0338b4ec98c3fd3549", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asm-diske b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asm-diske; chmod 0660 /dev/asm-diske'"
KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="360014059475c72da0e44253b4377a355", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asm-diskf b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asm-diskf; chmod 0660 /dev/asm-diskf'"
KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="36001405cf669852f98240dd9596e1808", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asm-diskg b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asm-diskg; chmod 0660 /dev/asm-diskg'"
KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="36001405120d8ce03eb94720ac9ffa91a", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asm-diskh b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asm-diskh; chmod 0660 /dev/asm-diskh'"
KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="36001405095565b2b64b4085bf3b13184", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asm-diski b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asm-diski; chmod 0660 /dev/asm-diski'"
KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="36001405647c901386824b27aceedf72f", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asm-diskj b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asm-diskj; chmod 0660 /dev/asm-diskj'"
KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="36001405030340160f0b4393becae3f60", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asm-diskk b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asm-diskk; chmod 0660 /dev/asm-diskk'"
KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="36001405ef600c31b0034c41ac16391ea", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asm-diskl b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asm-diskl; chmod 0660 /dev/asm-diskl'"
KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="36001405f671bb9a383e4808ad158b573", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asm-diskm b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asm-diskm; chmod 0660 /dev/asm-diskm'"
KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="360014053294b9b4056841baa79a34d67", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asm-diskn b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asm-diskn; chmod 0660 /dev/asm-diskn'"
KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="36001405b219421f2408475f8b8183eb1", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asm-disko b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asm-disko; chmod 0660 /dev/asm-disko'"
[root@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]# ll /dev/asm*
ls: cannot access /dev/asm*: No such file or directory
[root@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]# /sbin/udevadm trigger --type=devices --action=change
[root@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]# /sbin/udevadm control --reload
[root@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]# ll /dev/asm*
ls: cannot access /dev/asm*: No such file or directory
[root@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]# ll /dev/asm*
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 48 Aug 19 15:19 /dev/asm-diskd
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 64 Aug 19 15:19 /dev/asm-diske
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 80 Aug 19 15:19 /dev/asm-diskf
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 96 Aug 19 15:19 /dev/asm-diskg
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 112 Aug 19 15:19 /dev/asm-diskh
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 128 Aug 19 15:19 /dev/asm-diski
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 144 Aug 19 15:19 /dev/asm-diskj
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 160 Aug 19 15:19 /dev/asm-diskk
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 176 Aug 19 15:19 /dev/asm-diskl
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 192 Aug 19 15:19 /dev/asm-diskm
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 208 Aug 19 15:19 /dev/asm-diskn
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 224 Aug 19 15:19 /dev/asm-disko
[root@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]# lsscsi
[0:0:0:0] disk VMware, VMware Virtual S 1.0 /dev/sda
[0:0:1:0] disk VMware, VMware Virtual S 1.0 /dev/sdb
[0:0:2:0] disk VMware, VMware Virtual S 1.0 /dev/sdc
[3:0:0:0] disk LIO-ORG ocr1 4.0 /dev/asm-diskd
[3:0:0:1] disk LIO-ORG ocr2 4.0 /dev/asm-diske
[3:0:0:2] disk LIO-ORG ocr3 4.0 /dev/asm-diskf
[3:0:0:3] disk LIO-ORG mgmt1 4.0 /dev/asm-diskg
[3:0:0:4] disk LIO-ORG mgmt2 4.0 /dev/asm-diskh
[3:0:0:5] disk LIO-ORG mgmt3 4.0 /dev/asm-diski
[3:0:0:6] disk LIO-ORG data1 4.0 /dev/asm-diskj
[3:0:0:7] disk LIO-ORG data2 4.0 /dev/asm-diskk
[3:0:0:8] disk LIO-ORG data3 4.0 /dev/asm-diskl
[3:0:0:9] disk LIO-ORG fra1 4.0 /dev/asm-diskm
[3:0:0:10] disk LIO-ORG fra2 4.0 /dev/asm-diskn
[3:0:0:11] disk LIO-ORG fra3 4.0 /dev/asm-disko四、数据库软件包准备
4.1、上传安装软件
打开SecureFX软件：
复制粘贴数据库文件到/soft目录下并等待上传完成。
注意，对安装包需要进行MD5值校验：
[root@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]# cd /soft
[root@raclhr-21c-n1 soft]# ll
total 5401812
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3109225519 Aug 16 09:58 LINUX.X64_213000_db_home.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2422217613 Aug 16 09:57 LINUX.X64_213000_grid_home.zip
[root@raclhr-21c-n1 soft]# md5sum LINUX.X64_213000_grid_home.zip
b3fbdb7621ad82cbd4f40943effdd1be LINUX.X64_213000_grid_home.zip
[root@raclhr-21c-n1 soft]# md5sum LINUX.X64_213000_db_home.zip
8ac915a800800ddf16a382506d3953db LINUX.X64_213000_db_home.zip4.2、解压软件
grid用户：
unzip LINUX.X64_213000_grid_home.zip -d /u01/app/21.3.0/gridoracle用户：
unzip LINUX.X64_213000_db_home.zip -d /u01/app/oracle/product/21.3.0/dbhome_1只在节点1上进行解压即可。
? 注意：
1、不要同时进行解压2个文件，否则可能有未预料到的错误
2、需要搜索一下解压是否有报错的地方，搜索关键词“error”
注意：18c解压后的文件所在目录就是grid home。所以解压的时候，就要把文件解压到之前定的GRID_HOME下。在12c R2之前是安装的时候，软件会自动复制过去。 Starting with Oracle Database 18c, the Oracle Database software is available as an image file for download and installation. Extract the image software into the directory where you want your Oracle home to be located, and then run the runInstaller script to start the Oracle Database installation. Starting with Oracle Database 18c, installation and configuration of Oracle Database software is simplified with Image-Based installation.
五、安装前预检查
5.1、安装补丁包(cvuqdisk)
在安装RAC之前，经常会需要运行集群验证工具CVU（Cluster Verification Utility），该工具执行系统检查，确认当前的配置是否满足要求。
首先判断是否安装了cvuqdisk包：
rpm -qa cvuqdisk如果没有安装，那么在2个节点上都执行如下命令进行安装该包：
export CVUQDISK_GRP=oinstall
cd /u01/app/21.3.0/grid/cv/rpm
rpm -ivh cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm传输到第2个节点上进行安装：
scp cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm root@raclhr-21c-n2:/soft
-- 节点2安装cvuqdisk包
export CVUQDISK_GRP=oinstall
rpm -ivh /soft/cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm5.2、配SSH互信，建立ssh等效性
sshUserSetup.sh在GI安装介质解压缩后的sshsetup目录下。下面两条命令在节点1上执行即可，在root用户下执行：
/u01/app/21.3.0/grid/oui/prov/resources/scripts/sshUserSetup.sh -user grid -hosts "raclhr-21c-n1 raclhr-21c-n2" -advanced exverify -confirm
/u01/app/21.3.0/grid/oui/prov/resources/scripts/sshUserSetup.sh -user oracle -hosts "raclhr-21c-n1 raclhr-21c-n2" -advanced exverify -confirm输入yes及密码一路回车即可。
以oracle和grid用户在2个节点上都测试两节点连通性
ssh raclhr-21c-n1 date
ssh raclhr-21c-n2 date
ssh raclhr-21c-n1-priv date
ssh raclhr-21c-n2-priv date第二次执行时不再提示输入口令，并且可以成功执行命令，则表示SSH对等性配置成功。
Use Cluster Verification Utility (cvu) Before installing Oracle Clusterware, use CVU to ensure that your cluster is prepared for an installation: Oracle provides CVU to perform system checks in preparation for an installation, patch updates, or other system changes. In addition, CVU can generate fixup scripts that can change many kernel parameters to at lease the minimum settings required for a successful installation. Using CVU can help system administrators, storage administrators, and DBA to ensure that everyone has completed the system configuration and preinstallation steps. ./runcluvfy.sh -help ./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n rac1,rac2 –fixup -verbose Install the operating system package cvuqdisk to both Oracle RAC nodes. Without cvuqdisk, Cluster Verification Utility cannot discover shared disks, and you will receive the error message "Package cvuqdisk not installed" when the Cluster Verification Utility is run (either manually or at the end of the Oracle grid infrastructure installation). Use the cvuqdisk RPM for your hardware architecture (for example, x86_64 or i386). The cvuqdisk RPM can be found on the Oracle grid infrastructure installation media in the rpm directory. For the purpose of this article, the Oracle grid infrastructure media was extracted to the /home/grid/software/oracle/grid directory on racnode1 as the grid user.
在安装GRID之前，建议先利用CVU(Cluster Verification Utility)检查CRS的安装前环境。以grid用户运行：
su - grid
export CVUQDISK_GRP=oinstall
export CV_NODE_ALL=raclhr-21c-n1,raclhr-21c-n2
/u01/app/21.3.0/grid/runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -allnodes -fixup -verbose -method rootgrid安装完成后还可以进行如下校验：
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/cluvfy stage -pre crsinst -n all -verbose -fixup未检测通过的显示为failed，有的failed可以根据提供的脚本进行修复。有的需要根据情况进行修复，有的failed也可以忽略。
报错一：
/dev/shm mounted as temporary file system ...FAILED
raclhr-21c-n2: PRVE-0421 : No entry exists in /etc/fstab for mounting /dev/shm
raclhr-21c-n1: PRVE-0421 : No entry exists in /etc/fstab for mounting /dev/shm参考：http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-2214381
CentOS7和RHEL7在 /etc/fstab中不包含/dev/shm ，可以手动加进去，或者忽略都可以。
报错二：
Systemd login manager IPC parameter ...FAILED
raclhr-21c-n2: PRVE-10233 : Systemd login manager parameter 'RemoveIPC' entry
does not exist or is commented out in the configuration file
"/etc/systemd/logind.conf" on node "raclhr-21c-n2".
[Expected="no"]
raclhr-21c-n1: PRVE-10233 : Systemd login manager parameter 'RemoveIPC' entry
does not exist or is commented out in the configuration file
"/etc/systemd/logind.conf" on node "raclhr-21c-n1".
[Expected="no"]参考：http://blog.itpub.net/29371470/viewspace-2125673/
解决：
echo "RemoveIPC=no" >> /etc/systemd/logind.conf
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart systemd-logind报错三：
Network Time Protocol (NTP) ...FAILED
raclhr-21c-n2: PRVG-1017 : NTP configuration file "/etc/ntp.conf" is present on
nodes "raclhr-21c-n2,raclhr-21c-n1" on which NTP daemon or
service was not running
raclhr-21c-n1: PRVG-1017 : NTP configuration file "/etc/ntp.conf" is present on
nodes "raclhr-21c-n2,raclhr-21c-n1" on which NTP daemon or
service was not running我们使用ctssd来同步集群的时间，所以ntp必须关闭。
六、图形界面安装集群和db
安装之前重启一次OS，并检查网络和共享盘是否正确。
首先，打开Xmanager - Passive，如下：
6.1、安装grid
注意：以grid用户登录，然后运行下面这个脚本，和之前版本的grid安装有所不同：
[grid@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.59.1:0.0
[grid@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]$ /u01/app/21.3.0/grid/gridSetup.sh
Launching Oracle Grid Infrastructure Setup Wizard...
点击add添加节点2后，点击next
默认选中了不安装GIMR，我们也暂时不安装MIMR库：
修改磁盘路径为“/dev/asm*”就可以找到ASM磁盘了。
忽悠所有错误继续安装
分别在节点1和节点2上执行：
/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/app/21.3.0/grid/root.sh节点1运行：
最后输出Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster ... succeeded表示成功，跑完后，检查一下：
节点2：
最后输出Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster ... succeeded表示成功，查看：
此时回到界面点击OK，继续运行：
最后集群校验报错，看了一下是dns和ntp的问题，可以忽略，继续安装：
6.2、安装db
[root@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]# su - oracle
Last login: Thu Aug 19 15:26:38 CST 2021 on pts/0
[oracle@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@raclhr-21c-n1 dbhome_1]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.59.1:0.0
[oracle@raclhr-21c-n1 dbhome_1]$ ./runInstaller
节点1和节点2分别执行：
执行完后，点击OK：
6.3、创建磁盘组
[root@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]# su - grid
Last login: Fri Aug 20 09:59:53 CST 2021
[grid@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.59.1:0.0
[grid@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]$ asmca
查看：
6.4、创建数据库
[oracle@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.59.1:0.0
[oracle@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]$ dbca
七、静默安装集群和db
安装之前重启一次OS，并检查网络和共享盘是否正确。
7.1、静默安装grid
/u01/app/21.3.0/grid/gridSetup.sh -silent -force -noconfig -ignorePrereq \
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_crsinstall_response_schema_v21.0.0 \
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory \
oracle.install.option=CRS_CONFIG \
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid \
oracle.install.asm.OSDBA=asmdba \
oracle.install.asm.OSOPER=asmoper \
oracle.install.asm.OSASM=asmadmin \
oracle.install.crs.config.scanType=LOCAL_SCAN \
oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.scanName=raclhr-21c-scan \
oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.scanPort=1521 \
oracle.install.crs.config.ClusterConfiguration=STANDALONE \
oracle.install.crs.config.configureAsExtendedCluster=false \
oracle.install.crs.config.clusterName=raclhr-cluster \
oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.configureGNS=false \
oracle.install.crs.config.autoConfigureClusterNodeVIP=false \
oracle.install.crs.config.clusterNodes=raclhr-21c-n1:raclhr-21c-n1-vip,raclhr-21c-n2:raclhr-21c-n2-vip \
oracle.install.crs.config.networkInterfaceList=ens34:192.168.2.0:5,ens33:192.168.59.0:1 \
oracle.install.asm.configureGIMRDataDG=false \
oracle.install.crs.config.useIPMI=false \
oracle.install.asm.storageOption=ASM \
oracle.install.asm.SYSASMPassword=lhr \
oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.name=OCR \
oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.redundancy=NORMAL \
oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.AUSize=4 \
oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.disks=/dev/asm-diskd,/dev/asm-diske,/dev/asm-diskf \
oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.diskDiscoveryString=/dev/asm-* \
oracle.install.asm.monitorPassword=lhr \
oracle.install.asm.configureAFD=false \
oracle.install.crs.configureRHPS=false \
oracle.install.crs.config.ignoreDownNodes=false \
oracle.install.config.managementOption=NONE \
oracle.install.crs.rootconfig.executeRootScript=false执行过程：
在安装grid软件和db软件的过程中，有一个过程是将节点1上的软件拷贝到节点2上，这个过程是利用的集群的公网进行传递软件的，可以使用ifconfig命令看到。
[root@raclhr-21c-n2 ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.59.63 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.59.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feb5:cf4b prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
ether 00:0c:29:b5:cf:4b txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 4285065 bytes 6368668989 (5.9 GiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 161678 bytes 27715188 (26.4 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens34: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.2.63 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feb5:cf55 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
ether 00:0c:29:b5:cf:55 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 478 bytes 426304 (416.3 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 441 bytes 421344 (411.4 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 07.1.1、root.sh脚本
以root用户分别在2个节点上运行：
1. /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
2. /u01/app/21.3.0/grid/root.sh1、节点1执行过程：
最后输出Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster ... succeeded表示成功。
2、节点2执行过程：
最后输出Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster ... succeeded表示成功。
3、然后以安装用户grid在节点1执行如下脚本：
/u01/app/21.3.0/grid/gridSetup.sh -silent -executeConfigTools -responseFile /u01/app/21.3.0/grid/install/response/grid_2021-08-20_04-58-51PM.rsp执行结果：
[grid@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]$ /u01/app/21.3.0/grid/gridSetup.sh -silent -executeConfigTools -responseFile /u01/app/21.3.0/grid/install/response/grid_2021-08-20_04-58-51PM.rsp
Launching Oracle Grid Infrastructure Setup Wizard...
You can find the logs of this session at:
/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/GridSetupActions2021-08-20_05-20-02PM
====》 这里至少需要按2次回车
(reconfirmation):
(reconfirmation):
[WARNING] [INS-43080] Some of the configuration assistants failed, were cancelled or skipped.
ACTION: Refer to the logs or contact Oracle Support Services.7.2、静默安装db软件
安装之前可以使用脚本进行校验，确保所有的failed选项都可以忽略。
su - oracle export
CVUQDISK_GRP=oinstall
export CV_NODE_ALL=raclhr-21c-n1,raclhr-21c-n2
/u01/app/21.3.0/grid/runcluvfy.sh stage -pre dbinst -allnodes -fixup -verbose静默安装：
/u01/app/oracle/product/21.3.0/dbhome_1/runInstaller -silent -force -noconfig -ignorePrereq \
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v21.0.0 \
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY \
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall \
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory \
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle \
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE \
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oper \
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=backupdba \
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dgdba \
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=kmdba \
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=racdba \
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=raclhr-21c-n1,raclhr-21c-n2 \
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.executeRootScript=false
执行过程：
[oracle@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]$ /u01/app/oracle/product/21.3.0/dbhome_1/runInstaller -silent -force -noconfig -ignorePrereq \
> oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v21.0.0 \
> oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY \
> UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall \
> INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory \
> ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle \
> oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE \
> oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba \
> oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oper \
> oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=backupdba \
> oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dgdba \
> oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=kmdba \
> oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=racdba \
> oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=raclhr-21c-n1,raclhr-21c-n2 \
> oracle.install.db.rootconfig.executeRootScript=false
Launching Oracle Database Setup Wizard...
[WARNING] [INS-13001] Oracle Database is not supported on this operating system. Installer will not perform prerequisite checks on the system.
CAUSE: This operating system may not have been in the certified list at the time of the release of this software.
ACTION: Refer to My Oracle Support portal for the latest certification information for this operating system. Proceed with the installation if the operating system has been certified after the release of this software.
The response file for this session can be found at:
/u01/app/oracle/product/21.3.0/dbhome_1/install/response/db_2021-08-20_09-57-24PM.rsp
You can find the log of this install session at:
/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/InstallActions2021-08-20_09-57-24PM/installActions2021-08-20_09-57-24PM.log
As a root user, execute the following script(s):
1. /u01/app/oracle/product/21.3.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Execute /u01/app/oracle/product/21.3.0/dbhome_1/root.sh on the following nodes:
[raclhr-21c-n1, raclhr-21c-n2]
Successfully Setup Software.
[root@raclhr-21c-n1 InstallActions2021-08-20_09-47-27PM]# /u01/app/oracle/product/21.3.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Check /u01/app/oracle/product/21.3.0/dbhome_1/install/root_raclhr-21c-n1_2021-08-20_22-03-03-392736813.log for the output of root script
[root@raclhr-21c-n1 InstallActions2021-08-20_09-47-27PM]# more /u01/app/oracle/product/21.3.0/dbhome_1/install/root_raclhr-21c-n1_2021-08-20_22-03-03-392736813.log
Performing root user operation.
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/21.3.0/dbhome_1
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.节点1和节点2都需要以root用户执行脚本：/u01/app/oracle/product/21.3.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
至此，grid集群和db软件都已经安装完成了，剩下的就是创建数据库的操作。
7.3、创建DATA和FRA磁盘组
su - grid
sqlplus / as sysasm
create diskgroup DATA external redundancy disk '/dev/asm-diskj','/dev/asm-diskk','/dev/asm-diskl'
ATTRIBUTE 'compatible.rdbms' = '21.3', 'compatible.asm' = '21.3';
create diskgroup FRA external redundancy disk '/dev/asm-diskm','/dev/asm-diskn','/dev/asm-disko'
ATTRIBUTE 'compatible.rdbms' = '21.3', 'compatible.asm' = '21.3';
srvctl start diskgroup -diskgroup data
srvctl start diskgroup -diskgroup fra
alter diskgroup all mount;
col name format a10
set line 9999
col path format a25
select GROUP_NUMBER,path,name,disk_number,total_mb,free_mb,CREATE_DATE,MOUNT_STATUS,MOUNT_DATE from v$asm_disk order by GROUP_NUMBER desc,disk_number;
select name,state,free_mb,required_mirror_free_mb,usable_file_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;查看：
SQL> col name format a10
SQL> set line 9999
SQL> col path format a25
SQL> select GROUP_NUMBER,path,name,disk_number,total_mb,free_mb,CREATE_DATE,MOUNT_STATUS,MOUNT_DATE from v$asm_disk order by GROUP_NUMBER desc,disk_number;
GROUP_NUMBER PATH NAME DISK_NUMBER TOTAL_MB FREE_MB CREATE_DA MOUNT_S MOUNT_DAT
------------ ------------------------- ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- --------- ------- ---------
3 /dev/asm-diskm FRA_0000 0 10240 10218 20-AUG-21 CACHED 20-AUG-21
3 /dev/asm-diskn FRA_0001 1 10240 10216 20-AUG-21 CACHED 20-AUG-21
3 /dev/asm-disko FRA_0002 2 10240 10216 20-AUG-21 CACHED 20-AUG-21
2 /dev/asm-diskj DATA_0000 0 15360 15336 20-AUG-21 CACHED 20-AUG-21
2 /dev/asm-diskk DATA_0001 1 15360 15339 20-AUG-21 CACHED 20-AUG-21
2 /dev/asm-diskl DATA_0002 2 15360 15335 20-AUG-21 CACHED 20-AUG-21
1 /dev/asm-diskd OCR_0000 0 1024 692 20-AUG-21 CACHED 20-AUG-21
1 /dev/asm-diske OCR_0001 1 1024 696 20-AUG-21 CACHED 20-AUG-21
1 /dev/asm-diskf OCR_0002 2 1024 696 20-AUG-21 CACHED 20-AUG-21
0 /dev/asm-diskg 0 0 0 CLOSED
0 /dev/asm-diskh 1 0 0 CLOSED
GROUP_NUMBER PATH NAME DISK_NUMBER TOTAL_MB FREE_MB CREATE_DA MOUNT_S MOUNT_DAT
------------ ------------------------- ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- --------- ------- ---------
0 /dev/asm-diski 2 0 0 CLOSED
12 rows selected.
SQL> select name,state,free_mb,required_mirror_free_mb,usable_file_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME STATE FREE_MB REQUIRED_MIRROR_FREE_MB USABLE_FILE_MB
---------- ----------- ---------- ----------------------- --------------
OCR MOUNTED 2084 1024 530
DATA MOUNTED 46010 0 46010
FRA MOUNTED 30650 0 30650
[root@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]# $ORACLE_HOME/bin/kfod disks=all st=true ds=true
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Disk Size Header Path Disk Group User Group
================================================================================
1: 1024 MB MEMBER /dev/asm-diskd OCR grid asmadmin
2: 1024 MB MEMBER /dev/asm-diske OCR grid asmadmin
3: 1024 MB MEMBER /dev/asm-diskf OCR grid asmadmin
4: 10240 MB CANDIDATE /dev/asm-diskg # grid asmadmin
5: 10240 MB CANDIDATE /dev/asm-diskh # grid asmadmin
6: 10240 MB CANDIDATE /dev/asm-diski # grid asmadmin
7: 15360 MB MEMBER /dev/asm-diskj DATA grid asmadmin
8: 15360 MB MEMBER /dev/asm-diskk DATA grid asmadmin
9: 15360 MB MEMBER /dev/asm-diskl DATA grid asmadmin
10: 10240 MB MEMBER /dev/asm-diskm FRA grid asmadmin
11: 10240 MB MEMBER /dev/asm-diskn FRA grid asmadmin
12: 10240 MB MEMBER /dev/asm-disko FRA grid asmadmin
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME
================================================================================7.4、静默创建数据库
-- rac数据库
-- dbca -silent -deleteDatabase -sourceDB rac21c -sysDBAUserName sys -sysDBAPassword lhr
dbca -silent -createDatabase -ignorePreReqs -ignorePrereqFailure -templateName General_Purpose.dbc -responseFile NO_VALUE \
-gdbname rac21c -sid rac21c \
-createAsContainerDatabase TRUE \
-sysPassword lhr -systemPassword lhr -dbsnmpPassword lhr \
-datafileDestination '+DATA' -recoveryAreaDestination '+FRA' \
-redoLogFileSize 50 \
-storageType ASM \
-characterset AL32UTF8 \
-totalMemory 1024 \
-databaseType OLTP \
-enableArchive true \
-emConfiguration none \
-nodeinfo raclhr-21c-n1,raclhr-21c-n2
-- 单实例
dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName General_Purpose.dbc -responseFile NO_VALUE \
-gdbname lhrsdb -sid lhrsdb \
-createAsContainerDatabase TRUE \
-numberOfPDBs 1 \
-pdbName pdbxmm \
-pdbAdminPassword lhr \
-sysPassword lhr -systemPassword lhr \
-datafileDestination '/u01/app/oracle/oradata' \
-recoveryAreaDestination '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area' \
-redoLogFileSize 50 \
-storageType FS \
-characterset AL32UTF8 -nationalCharacterSet AL16UTF16 \
-totalMemory 1024 \
-databaseType OLTP \
-enableArchive true \
-emConfiguration NONE创建过程：
[oracle@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]$ dbca -silent -ignorePreReqs -ignorePrereqFailure -createDatabase -templateName General_Purpose.dbc -responseFile NO_VALUE \
> -gdbname rac21c -sid rac21c \
> -createAsContainerDatabase TRUE \
> -sysPassword lhr -systemPassword lhr -dbsnmpPassword lhr \
> -datafileDestination '+DATA' -recoveryAreaDestination '+FRA' \
> -storageType ASM \
> -characterset AL32UTF8 \
> -totalMemory 1024 \
> -databaseType OLTP \
> -emConfiguration none \
> -nodeinfo raclhr-21c-n1,raclhr-21c-n2
[WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'SYS' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
CAUSE:
a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password
ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines.
[WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'SYSTEM' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
CAUSE:
a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password
ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines.
[WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'PDBADMIN' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
CAUSE:
a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password
ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines.
Prepare for db operation
7% complete
Copying database files
27% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
28% complete
31% complete
35% complete
37% complete
40% complete
Creating cluster database views
41% complete
53% complete
Completing Database Creation
57% complete
59% complete
60% complete
80% complete
Executing Post Configuration Actions
100% complete
Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:
/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/rac21c.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:rac21c
System Identifier(SID) Prefix:rac21c
Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/rac21c/rac21c.log" for further details.
[oracle@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Target State Server State details
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n2 STABLE
ora.chad
ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n2 STABLE
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n2 STABLE
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n2 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n1 STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n2 STABLE
ora.DATA.dg(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n1 STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n2 STABLE
ora.FRA.dg(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n1 STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n2 STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n1 STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n1 STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n2 STABLE
ora.OCR.dg(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n1 STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n2 STABLE
ora.asm(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n1 Started,STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n2 Started,STABLE
ora.asmnet1.asmnetwork(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n1 STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n2 STABLE
ora.cdp1.cdp
1 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n1 STABLE
ora.cdp2.cdp
1 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n1 STABLE
ora.cdp3.cdp
1 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n2 STABLE
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n1 STABLE
ora.qosmserver
1 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n1 STABLE
ora.rac21c.db
1 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n1 Open,HOME=/u01/app/o
racle/product/21.3.0
/dbhome_1,STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n2 Open,HOME=/u01/app/o
racle/product/21.3.0
/dbhome_1,STABLE
ora.raclhr-21c-n1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n1 STABLE
ora.raclhr-21c-n2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n2 STABLE
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n1 STABLE
ora.scan2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n1 STABLE
ora.scan3.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n2 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[oracle@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]$ sas
SQL*Plus: Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Aug 23 10:32:50 2021
Version 21.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2021, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 21c Enterprise Edition Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 21.3.0.0.0
SYS@rac21c1> show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO7.5、创建PDB数据库
SYS@rac21c1> show parameter db_create_file_dest
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ---------------------- ------------------------------
db_create_file_dest string +DATA
SYS@rac21c1> create pluggable database PDBLHR1 admin user lhr identified by lhr;
Pluggable database created. SYS@rac21c1> show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 PDBLHR1 MOUNTED
SYS@rac21c1> alter pluggable database pdblhr1 open instances=all;
Pluggable database altered. SYS@rac21c1> show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 PDBLHR1 READ WRITE NO
SYS@rac21c1> alter pluggable database all save state instances=all;
Pluggable database altered.
[oracle@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]$ export ORACLE_PDB_SID=PDBLHR1
[oracle@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]$ sas
SQL*Plus: Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Aug 23 10:45:11 2021
Version 21.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2021, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 21c Enterprise Edition Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 21.3.0.0.0
SYS@rac21c1> show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
3 PDBLHR1 READ WRITE NO
SYS@rac21c1> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDBLHR1
[root@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]# crsctl status resource -w "TYPE = ora.database.type" -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Target State Server State details
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.rac21c.db
1 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n1 Open,HOME=/u01/app/o
racle/product/21.3.0
/dbhome_1,STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n2 Open,HOME=/u01/app/o
racle/product/21.3.0
/dbhome_1,STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@raclhr-21c-n1 ~]# crsctl status resource -w "TYPE = ora.pdb.type" -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Target State Server State details
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.rac21c.pdblhr1.pdb
1 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n1 STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE raclhr-21c-n2 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------八、修改基本配置
8.1、禁用crs和db的自启动
-- 禁用crs自启动
crsctl disable has
-- 禁用db自启动
crsctl modify resource ora.rac21c.db -attr AUTO_START=never -unsupported
crsctl stat res ora.rac21c.db -p | grep AUTO_START
8.2、修改SQL提示符
cat >> $ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/glogin.sql <<"EOF"
set linesize 9999 pagesize 9999
set sqlprompt "_USER'@'_CONNECT_IDENTIFIER> "
EOF
为人：谦逊、激情、博学、审问、慎思、明辨、 笃行
学问：纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行
为事：工欲善其事，必先利其器。
态度：道阻且长，行则将至；行而不辍，未来可期
.....................................................................
------- 桃之夭夭，灼灼其华。之子于归，宜其室家。 ---------------
------- 桃之夭夭，有蕡其实。之子于归，宜其家室。 ---------------
------- 桃之夭夭，其叶蓁蓁。之子于归，宜其家人。 ---------------
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