一.创建RMAN CATALOG
     RMAN可以之用控制文件来存储RMAN的备份metadata,也可以配置CATALOG来存储RMAN的备份信息.一般来说最好在另一数据库上配置CATALOG来管理RMAN备份信息,这样当所有的控制文件都无效的时候还可以保证用CATALOG来重建控制文件和数据库.
     1).SQL> create tablespace rmantbs datafile '/data/oradata/orcl/rmantbs01.dbf' size 50M
                      autoextend on next 5M maxsize 200M
                      extent management local
                      segment space management auto;    2).SQL> create user rman identified by oracle
                       default tablespace rmantbs
                       temporary tablespace temp
                       quota unlimited on rmantbs;    3).SQL> grant create session, recovery_catalog_owner to rman;
    4).$ rman catalog rman/oracle
            RMAN> create catalog tablespace rmantbs;
            RMAN> connect target /
            RMAN> register database;二.配置RMAN
RMAN> show all;
 RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are:
 CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
 CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
 CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
 CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default
 CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
 CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET PARALLELISM 1;
 CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
 CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
 CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
 CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
 CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
 CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BZIP2'; # default
 CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
 CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f'; # default
1.  配置保留策略retention policy
   RMAN有两种保留策略:DEDUNDANCY(默认值为1)和 RECOVERY WINDOW
     1.1) 配置保留2份冗余备份
RMAN> configure retention policy to redundancy 2;
 new RMAN configuration parameters:
 CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 2;
 new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
 starting full resync of recovery catalog
 full resync complete  1.2)配置保留策略为7天
    RMAN> configure retention policy to recovery window of 7 days;
 old RMAN configuration parameters:
 CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 2;
 new RMAN configuration parameters:
 CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7 DAYS;
 new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
 starting full resync of recovery catalog
 full resync complete2. 
  RMAN> configure backup optimization on;
 new RMAN configuration parameters:
 CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;
 new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
 starting full resync of recovery catalog
 full resync complete3. 配置默认的设备类型
  默认的设备类型为DISK硬盘,配置默认的设备类型为TAPE磁带
   RMAN> configure default device type to sbt;
 new RMAN configuration parameters:
 CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO 'SBT_TAPE';
 new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
 starting full resync of recovery catalog
 full resync complete4.  配置自动控制文件和SPFILE备份
  RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup on;
 new RMAN configuration parameters:
 CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
 new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
 starting full resync of recovery catalog
 full resync complete5.  配置自动控制文件和SPFILE备份的格式
  默认是备份到DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST/$ORACLE_SID/autobackup/$date目录,格式为'%F'
    注:格式必须包含'%F'
 RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/controlfile/ctl_%F';
 new RMAN configuration parameters:
 CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/controlfile/ctl_%F';
 new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
 starting full resync of recovery catalog
 full resync complete6.  配置默认产生备份集还是拷贝COPY
  6.1配置备份类型为COPY
 RMAN> configure device type disk backup type to copy;
 old RMAN configuration parameters:
 CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET PARALLELISM 1;
 new RMAN configuration parameters:
 CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK BACKUP TYPE TO COPY PARALLELISM 1;
 new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
 starting full resync of recovery catalog
 full resync complete6.2  配置并行度PARALLELISM
RMAN> configure device type disk backup type to backupset parallelism 2;
 old RMAN configuration parameters:
 CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK BACKUP TYPE TO COPY PARALLELISM 1;
 new RMAN configuration parameters:
 CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET PARALLELISM 2;
 new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
 starting full resync of recovery catalog
 full resync complete

 RMAN> configure device type sbt_tape backup type to backupset parallelism 2;
 new RMAN configuration parameters:
 CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET PARALLELISM 2;
 new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
 starting full resync of recovery catalog
 full resync complete
注: 如果配置磁带设备的PARALLELISM,必须配置磁带的个数等于PARALLELISM的个数,否则报错.6.3  配置默认压缩备份(注如果用压缩备份必须配置WALLET并OPEN)
RMAN> configure device type disk backup type to compressed backupset;
 old RMAN configuration parameters:
 CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET PARALLELISM 2;
 new RMAN configuration parameters:
 CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET PARALLELISM 2;
 new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
 starting full resync of recovery catalog
 full resync complete7.  配置渠道CHANNEL
RMAN> configure channel device type disk format '/bakup/rman/orcl/%d_%s_%p_%t';
 new RMAN configuration parameters:
 CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT   '/bakup/rman/orcl/%d_%s_%p_%t';
 new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
 starting full resync of recovery catalog
 full resync complete8. 
   RMAN加密可以采用TRANSPARANT Data encryption(TDE)加密和密码加密两种方法. TDE的算法有:AES128(默认值), AES192, AES256等. 备份和恢复时都需要WALLET打开状态.
 RMAN> configure encryption for database on;
 new RMAN configuration parameters:
 CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE ON;
 new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
 starting full resync of recovery catalog
 full resync completeRMAN> configure encryption algorithm 'AES256';
 new RMAN configuration parameters:
 CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES256';
 new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
 starting full resync of recovery catalog
 full resync complete
查看配置结果:
 RMAN> show all;
 RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are:
 CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7 DAYS;
 CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;
 CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO 'SBT_TAPE';
 CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
 CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/controlfile/ctl_%F';
 CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE SBT_TAPE TO '%F'; # default
 CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET PARALLELISM 2;
 CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET PARALLELISM 2;
 CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
 CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE SBT_TAPE TO 1; # default
 CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
 CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE SBT_TAPE TO 1; # default
 CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT   '/bakup/rman/orcl/%d_%s_%p_%t';
 CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
 CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE ON;
 CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES256';
 CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BZIP2'; # default
 CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
 CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f'; # default三.创建存储的备份脚本
1. 基本0的增量备份
create script. b_whole_inc0{
 backup
 incremental level 0 database
 format '/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/db0_%d_%s_%p_%t'
 tag = 'WHOLE_INC0';
 }2.  基本1的增量备份
create script. b_whole_inc1{
 backup
 incremental level 1 cumulative database
 format '/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/db1_%d_%s_%p_%t'
 tag='WHOLE_INC1';
 }3.  基本2的增量备份
create script. b_whole_inc2{
 backup
 incremental level 2 cumulative database
 format '/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/db2_%d_%s_%p_%t'
 tag='WHOLE_INC2';
 }4. 
create script. archive_log_current{
 sql "ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT";
 }5. 
create script. b_archive_2days{
 execute script. archive_log_current;
 backup archivelog from time 'SYSDATE-2'
 format '/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/ar_%d_%s_%p_%t';
 }6. 
create script. archive_delete3{
 execute script. archive_log_current;
 backup archivelog from time 'SYSDATE-3' until time 'SYSDATE-2'
 format '/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/ar_%d_%s_%p_%t'
 delete input;
 }7.  备份类型为COPY
run{
     allocate channel d1 type disk;
     copy
     datafile 1 to '/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/system01.dbf.bak',
     datafile 2 to '/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/undotbs01.dbf.bak',
     datafile 3 to '/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/sysaux01.dbf.bak',
     datafile 4 to '/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/users01.dbf.bak',
     datafile 5 to '/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/example01.dbf.bak',
     datafile 6 to '/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/rmantbs01.dbf.bak',
     current controlfile to '/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/control_bakup.ctl';
 }or
run{
       backup as copy database;
 }8.  备份增量基本为0的数据库备份和所有的归档日志
run{
     allocate channel c1 type disk;
     backup incremental level 0 database
     format '/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/db_%d_%s_%p_%t'
     tag = 'WHOLE_INC0'
     archivelog all
     format '/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/ar_%d_%s_%p_%t'
     tag 'BACKUP_ARCHIVELOG_ALL';
 }
from: ​​http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_525394060100kflb.html​​