RMAN catalog的创建和使用
一般用rman target / 登录后执行的备份在使用list backup都会提示：using target database control file instead of recovery catalog，即“使用目标数据库控制文件替代恢复目录”，无catalog数据库时，所有的备份信息都存储在控制文件里。随着备份的增多控制文件的大小也会不断增大，同时，备份策略受control_file_record_keep_time参数影响，因此在nocatalog方式下，备份控制文件显得非常重要。
而catalog方式是不存在以上问题。
1、创建catalog数据库：
创建catalog数据库需要以下几步：
1、 创建恢复目录数据库
2、 创建所有者并授权
3、 创建恢复目录
创建好恢复目录数据库后，可创建单独的表空间存储恢复目录数据也可用所有者默认的users表空间。
SQL>create user rman identified by rman;
----创建rman用户
SQL>grant connect,resource,recovery_catalog_owner to rman;
----角色授予
SQL>conn rman/rman@rman
----以rman用户登录catalog数据库
SQL> select * from session_privs;
PRIVILEGE
----------------------------------------
CREATE SESSION
ALTER SESSION
UNLIMITED TABLESPACE
CREATE TABLE
CREATE CLUSTER
CREATE SYNONYM
CREATE VIEW
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE DATABASE LINK
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE TRIGGER
CREATE TYPE
CREATE OPERATOR
CREATE INDEXTYPE
----rman用户权限
C:\>rman target sys/admin@orcl catalog rman/rman@rman
---orcl 目标数据库，rman恢复目录数据库
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun May 13 20:17:22 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: HUNT (DBID=719233105)
connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN> create catalog
---创建恢复目录
RMAN> register database
---注册目录数据库
RMAN>resync catalog
---同步控制文件信息，list backup 可看到之前的备份信息。有时无法看到之前的备份信息，当前备份的也没有，重建控制文件即可解决。控制文件重建以后，新控制文件中已无之前备份信息，因此无法同步到catalog数据库，可使用catalog backuppiece '实际目录' 将丢失的备份信息注册到catalog数据库中。
2、备份数据库：
---增量0级备份：
RMAN> run {
2> allocate channel ch01 device type disk;
3> allocate channel ch02 device type disk;
4> allocate channel ch03 device type disk;
5> sql 'alter system archive log current';
6> backup as compressed backupset incremental level 0 database format='e:\rman\Oracle10g_%d_data_0_%T_%U.rman' tag='Level_0_data';
7> sql 'alter system archive log current';
8> backup archivelog all delete all input format ='e:\rman\Oracle10g_%d_archivelog_0_%T_%U.rman' tag='Level_0_archivelog';
9> release channel ch01;
10> release channel ch02;
11> release channel ch03;
12> }
--增量1级备份：
RMAN> run {
2> allocate channel ch01 device type disk;
3> allocate channel ch02 device type disk;
4> allocate channel ch03 device type disk;
5> sql 'alter system archive log current';
6> backup as compressed backupset incremental level 1 database format='e:\rman\Oracle10g_%d_data_0_%T_%U.rman' tag='Level_1_data';
7> sql 'alter system archive log current';
8> backup archivelog all delete all input format ='e:\rman\Oracle10g_%d_archivelog_0_%T_%U.rman' tag='Level_1_archivelog';
9> release channel ch01;
10> release channel ch02;
11> release channel ch03;
12> }
--备份数据文件：
RMAN> run {
2> allocate channel ch01 device type disk;
3> allocate channel ch02 device type disk;
4> backup as compressed backupset datafile 4,5,6 format ='e:\rman\Oracle10g_%d_datafile456_0_%T_%U.rman' tag='datafile456';
5> release channel ch01;
6> release channel ch02;
7> }
--备份表空间：
RMAN> run {
2> allocate channel ch01 device type disk;
3> allocate channel ch02 device type disk;
4> backup as compressed backupset tablespace system,sysaux format ='e:\rman\Oracle10g_%d_tbs12_0_%T_%U.rman' tag='tbs12';
5> release channel ch01;
6> release channel ch02;
7> }
