GTID，Global Transaction Identifiers，全局事务标识符
1 准备工作
由服务器的UUID和事务ID号组成一个唯一的标识。mysql 5.6后，事务首部会记录server UUID，追踪十分简单。
UUID，Universally Unique Identifier，全局唯一标识符。
A为master，B、C为slave，当A宕机时，B将成为New Master。C需将自己有的事务而B没有的事务复制给B，然后B才能成为Master。
B和C双方事务的协商过程，由于GTID可自行完成。提高了mysql宕机后，服务的恢复速度，在一定程度上提高了mysql的高可用能力。
Slave Multi-thread
slave多线程复制，在涉及多个数据库时，为每一个数据库启动一个线程；当只有一个数据库时，多线程复制无意义。
slave-parallel-works=0禁用多线程复制
mysql 5.6提供了众多的复制管理工具，依赖python2.7及以上版本，rhel 6上python2.7，rhel 5 上的python为2.4
https://launchpad.net/mysql-utilities遵循GPL协定，但不属于mysql官方
mysqlreplicate
通过追踪GTID，跳过已经复制过的事务，快速启动复制功能。
mysqlcheck
检查复制环境是否满足需求的工具
简单验证部署，快速解决故障；
检查binlog是否开启，显示配置错误信息；
检查slave的连接状态和复制权限
mysqlrplshow
检查并显示mysql replication的拓扑图
mysqlfailover
故障转移工具，快速将slave提升为master
mysqlrpladmin
rpl管理工具
1 准备工作
1.1 时间同步
# ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org
1.2 主机名解析
# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.8.30 node1.test.com
192.168.8.31 node2.test.com
1.3 创建mysql数据目录
# mkdir /data/mysql -p
# useradd -r mysql
# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql
2 初始化mysql
# tar -xf mysql-5.6.31-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
# cd /usr/local/
# ln -sv mysql-5.6.31-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/ mysql
# cd mysql
# chown -R root.mysql ./*
# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/
3 复制mysql服务脚本到init.d，并加入服务列表
# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# chkconfig --add mysqld
# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
4 初步配置，测试是否可以正常启动，此处的使用/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
# vim my.cnf
datadir=/data/mysql
innodb-file-per-table=1
server-id=1 #此处slave用11
log-bin=master-bin
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
正常启动
说明：
ib_logfile0是innodb的事务日志，默认大小为48M
以上配置主从相同。
5 master
5.1 增加配置
# vim my.cnf
binlog-format=ROW
log-slave-updates=true
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
master-info-repository=TABLE
relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
sync-master-info=1
slave-parallel-workers=2
binlog-checksum=CRC32
master-verify-checksum=1
slave-sql-verify-checksum=1
binlog-rows-query-log_events=1
report-port=3306
port=3306
report-host=192.168.8.30
启动正常
5.2 查看gtid是否正常
mysql> show global variables like '%gtid%';
+---------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------+-------+
| enforce_gtid_consistency | ON |
| gtid_mode | ON |
+---------------------------------+-------+
5.2 查看master状态
mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| master.000002 | 151 | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5.3 查看master的server_uuid
mysql> show global variables like '%uuid%';
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| server_uuid | 5bf1de82-40fd-11e6-baa4-000c2989f319 |
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
5.4 授权slave复制
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rpl'@'192.168.8.31' identified by 'rpl';
mysql> flush privileges;
6 slave
6.1 增加配置
# vim my.cnf
binlog-format=ROW
log-slave-updates=true
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
master-info-repository=TABLE
relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
sync-master-info=1
slave-parallel-workers=2
binlog-checksum=CRC32
master-verify-checksum=1
slave-sql-verify-checksum=1
binlog-rows-query-log_events=1
report-port=3306
port=3306
report-host=192.168.8.31
6.2 查看gtid是否正常
mysql> show global variables like '%gtid%';
+---------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------+-------+
| enforce_gtid_consistency | ON |
| gtid_mode | ON |
+---------------------------------+-------+
6.3 查看slave的server_uuid
mysql> show global variables like "%uuid%";
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| server_uuid | 81d29785-40fd-11e6-baa5-000c29635658 |
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.8.30',master_user='rpl',master_password='rpl',master_auto_position=1;
说明：当指定master_log_file，master_log_pos时，需使用master_auto_position=0
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.8.30',master_user='rpl',master_password='rpl',master_log_file='master-bin.000006',master_log_pos=191,master_auto_position=0;
6.4 启动slave复制
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.8.30
Master_User: rpl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master-bin.000007
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 191
Relay_Log_File: node2-relay-bin.000004
Relay_Log_Pos: 403
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000007
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
7 master查看slave信息
mysql> show slave hosts;
+-----------+--------------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
| Server_id | Host | Port | Master_id | Slave_UUID |
+-----------+--------------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
| 11 | 192.168.8.31 | 3306 | 1 | 81d29785-40fd-11e6-baa5-000c29635658 |
+-----------+--------------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
