1. Spring与Web环境集成

1.1 ApplicationContext应用上下文获取方式

应用上下文对象是通过new ClasspathXmlApplicationContext(spring配置文件) 方式获取的,但是每次从容器中获得Bean时都要编写new ClasspathXmlApplicationContext(spring配置文件) ,这样的弊端是配置文件加载多次,应用上下文对象创建多次。

在Web项目中,可以使用ServletContextListener监听Web应用的启动,我们可以在Web应用启动时,就加载Spring的配置文件,创建应用上下文对象ApplicationContext,在将其存储到最大的域servletContext域中,这样就可以在任意位置从域中获得应用上下文ApplicationContext对象了。


package com.jacksun.dao.impl;

import com.jacksun.dao.UserDao;

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {


    public void save() {

        System.out.println("dao-------------");

    }
}

package com.jacksun.service.impl;

import com.jacksun.dao.UserDao;
import com.jacksun.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;
import com.jacksun.service.UserService;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    private UserDao userDao;



    public void save(){
        userDao.save();
    }


    //注入
    public void setUserDao(UserDaoImpl userDao) {


        this.userDao=userDao;


    }

//    public UserServiceImpl(UserDao userDao) {
//        this.userDao =  userDao;
//    }
//
//
//    public UserServiceImpl() {
//
//    }
}

package com.jacksun.web;

import com.jacksun.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/userServlet")
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet{



    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        UserService userService = app.getBean(UserService.class);
        userService.save();
    }



}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">


    <bean id="userDao" class="com.jacksun.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>



    <bean id="userService" class="com.jacksun.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">

        <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>

    </bean>





</beans>

1.2 Spring提供获取应用上下文的工具

上面的分析不用手动实现,Spring提供了一个监听器ContextLoaderListener就是对上述功能的封装,该监听器内部加载Spring配置文件,创建应用上下文对象,并存储到ServletContext域中,提供了一个客户端工具WebApplicationContextUtils供使用者获得应用上下文对象。

所以我们需要做的只有两件事:

①在web.xml中配置ContextLoaderListener监听器(导入spring-web坐标)

②使用WebApplicationContextUtils获得应用上下文对象ApplicationContext

1.3 导入Spring集成web的坐标

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
    <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

1.4 配置ContextLoaderListener监听器


import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;

public class ContextLoaderListener implements ServletContextListener {

    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
        ServletContext servletContext = servletContextEvent.getServletContext();
        //读取web.xml中的全局参数
        String contextConfigLocation = servletContext.getInitParameter("contextConfigLocation");
        ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(contextConfigLocation);
        //将Spring的应用上下文对象存储到ServletContext域中
        servletContext.setAttribute("app",app);
        System.out.println("spring容器创建完毕....");
    }

    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {

    }
}

下面spring自动提供的

<!--全局参数-->
<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!--Spring的监听器-->
<listener>
	<listener-class>
       org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
   </listener-class>
 </listener>

1.5 通过工具获得应用上下文对象

//ApplicationContext applicationContext =  WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
//Object obj = applicationContext.getBean("id");
    

   ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
   ServletContext .setAttribute("app",app)
   

知识要点

Spring集成web环境步骤

​ ①配置ContextLoaderListener监听器

​ ②使用WebApplicationContextUtils获得应用上下文