Tomcat+Nginx负载均衡服务器构建
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Tomcat服务器是一个免费的开源代码的Web应用服务器，属于轻量级的
网站应用服务器，应用在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下。
它和Aapache或nginx这些web服务器是一样的。都能处理html页面。由于
tomcat处理html的能力远不及Aapache或nginx,所以通常是作为一个servlet
和JSP容器使用。
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案例环境
服务器名称：tomcat服务器
操作系统： centos 6.5 x86_64
服务器IP： 192.168.200.111
所需软件： 1、apache-tomcat-7.0.54.tar.gz 2、jdk-7u65-linux-x64.tar.gz
=======================================================================
1、试验准备
1）关闭防火墙，selinux机制。
[root@localhost xue]# iptables -F
[root@localhost xue]# service iptables stop
iptables：将链设置为政策 ACCEPT：filter [确定]
iptables：清除防火墙规则： [确定]
iptables：正在卸载模块： [确定]
[root@localhost xue]# chkconfig iptables off
[root@localhost xue]# setenforce 0
2）在安装tomcat之前，先安装JDK(Java Development Kit)
[root@tomcat1 xue]# tar xf jdk-7u65-linux-x64.tar.gz
[root@tomcat1 xue]# mv jdk1.7.0_65/ /usr/local/java
[root@tomcat1 xue]# vi /etc/profile.d/java.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java //设置Java根目录
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin //在PATH环境变量中添加JAVA根目录下的子目录
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[root@tomcat1 xue]# source /etc/profile.d/java.sh
[root@tomcat1 xue]# java -version
java version "1.7.0_45"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (rhel-2.4.3.3.el6-x86_64 u45-b15)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.45-b08, mixed mode)
3）安装配置tomcat
[root@tomcat1 xue]# tar xf apache-tomcat-7.0.54.tar.gz
[root@tomcat1 xue]# mv apache-tomcat-7.0.54 /usr/local/tomcat7
[root@tomcat1 xue]# /usr/local/tomcat7/bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat7
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat7
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat7/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/java
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat7/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat7/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
tomcat 默认运行在8080端口。
[root@tomcat1 xue]# netstat -anpt |grep 8080
tcp 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 3060/java
随后，我们可以打开浏览器测试: http://192.168.200.111:8080/
如果关闭tomcat的话.可以执行下面命令：
[root@tomcat1 xue]# /usr/local/tomcat7/bin/shutdown.sh
=================================================================
4)、建立java的web站点
4.1 首先创建网站发布路径
[root@tomcat1 ~]# mkdir -pv /web/webapp1
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/web"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/web/webapp1"
4.2 在/web/webapp1下建立测试页index.jsp
[root@tomcat1 ~]# vi /web/webapp1/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP test1 page</title>
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("Welcom to test site,http://www.test1.com");%>
</body>
</html>
-------------------------------------------------------------
4.3修改tomcat的server.xml文件（定义一个虚拟主机）
[root@tomcat1 ~]# vi /usr/local/tomcat7/conf/server.xml
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
<Context docBase="/web/webapp1" path="" reloadable="false">
</Context>
注释：
docBase： web应用的文档基准目录
reloadable：设置监视类是否变化。
4.4： 重启tomcat.
[root@tomcat1 ~]# /usr/local/tomcat7/bin/shutdown.sh
[root@tomcat1 ~]# /usr/local/tomcat7/bin/startup.sh
4.5: 测试http://192.168.200.111:8080/
出现"Welcom to test site,http://www.test1.com "表示成功。
=======================================================
案例： Nginx+Tomcat负载均衡集群
=================================
案例环境
服务器名称：tomcat服务器1
操作系统： centos 6.5 x86_64
服务器IP： 192.168.200.111
所需软件： 1、apache-tomcat-7.0.54.tar.gz 2、jdk-7u65-linux-x64.tar.gz
服务器名称：tomcat服务器2
操作系统： centos 6.5 x86_64
服务器IP： 192.168.200.112
所需软件： 1、apache-tomcat-7.0.54.tar.gz 2、jdk-7u65-linux-x64.tar.gz
服务器名称：Nginx服务器
操作系统： centos 6.5 x86_64
服务器IP： 192.168.200.113
所需软件： nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz
=======================================================================
参照tomcat1来搭建tomcat2
唯一不同之处：
[root@tomcat2 ~]# vi /web/webapp1/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP test2 page</title>
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("Welcom to test site,http://www.test2.com");%>
</body>
</html>
============================================================================
1）Nginx服务器配置
1.1 关闭Linux iptables防火墙及selinux
同上
1.2 安装nginx相关软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make
1.3 解压并安装nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.6.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=www ---group=www --with-file-aio --with-
http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_ssl_module && make && make
install
1.4 配置nginx.conf
[root@localhost nginx-1.6.0]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@localhost conf]# cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
[root@localhost conf]# vi nginx.conf
[root@localhost conf]# cat nginx.conf
user www www;
worker_processes 1;
error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
upstream tomcat_server {
server 192.168.200.111:8080 weight=1;
server 192.168.200.112:8080 weight=1;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
charset utf-8;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
proxy_pass http://tomcat_server;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
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1.5 测试nginx配置文件是否正常：
[root@localhost conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
1.6 启动nginx服务器
[root@localhost conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
[root@localhost conf]# ps aux|grep nginx
root 5118 0.0 0.1 45000 1140 ? Ss 22:38 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c
/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
www 5119 0.0 0.1 45452 1736 ? S 22:38 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 5122 0.0 0.0 103248 880 pts/0 S+ 22:38 0:00 grep nginx
[root@localhost conf]# netstat -anpt |grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5118/nginx
2） 测试负载均衡器的效果
http://192.168.200.113/
======================================================
nginx日志分割脚本：
===================
[root@localhost nginx]# cat logs/nginx.pid
5118
[root@localhost nginx]# kill -QUIT 5118
-QUIT ： 关闭进程
-HUP : 重载服务， 平滑重启
-USR1： 日志切换，（通过结合crontab，每天生成一个新的日志）
-USR2: 平滑升级可执行程序
=[root@localhost ~]# cat /opt/fenge-nginx.sh
#!/bin/bash
#fenge nginx logs
savepath_log='/home/nginx/logs'
nglogs='/usr/local/nginx/logs'
[ -d $savepath_log ] || mkdir -p $savepath_log
[ -d $savepath_log/$(date +%Y)/$(date +%m) ] || mkdir -p $savepath_log/$(date +%Y)/$(date +%m)
mv $nglogs/access.log $savepath_log/$(date +%Y)/$(date +%m)/access.$(date +%Y%m%d).log
mv $nglogs/error.log $savepath_log/$(date +%Y)/$(date +%m)/error.$(date +%Y%m%d).log
kill -USR1 $(cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid)
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[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x /opt/fenge-nginx.sh
[root@localhost ~]# /opt/fenge-nginx.sh
[root@localhost ~]# tree /home/nginx/
/home/nginx/
└── logs
└── 2014
└── 12
├── access.20141220.log
└── error.20141220.log
3 directories, 2 files
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[root@localhost ~]# crontab -l
0 0 * * * /opt/fenge-nginx.shnginx+tomcat 负载均衡
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