操作系统 centos7.9 <br> k8s 1.25.0 <br> docker 20.10.17
配置hostname及hosts
# 修改2台机器主机为master node01
vim /etc/hostname
# 修改2台机器/etc/hosts
192.168.2.191 master
192.168.2.192 node01
时间同步
# 两台机器启动chronyd
systemctl start chronyd
# 设置开机自启
systemctl enable chronyd
关闭防火墙
# 停止防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
# 关闭开机自启
systemctl disable firewalld
关闭selinux
# 有些机器可能不需要执行，报错可忽略
sentenforce 0
# 关闭selinux
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
docker
安装
yum install yum-utils
# 添加阿里云镜像
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# 安装docker
yum install -y docker-ce
# 启动docker
systemctl start docker
修改配置
vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"exec-opts":["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"registry-mirrors" : [
"http://ovfftd6p.mirror.aliyuncs.com",
"http://hub-mirror.c.163.com",
"https://zt8w2oro.mirror.aliyuncs.com",
"http://registry.docker-cn.com",
"http://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"
]
}
# 重启docker
systemctl restart docker
关闭交换内存
swapoff -a && sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab
修改内核参数
cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
# 生效
sysctl --system
modprobe br_netfilter
lsmod | grep br_netfilter
重置containerd配置
# 重置为默认配置
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
# 修改配置为国内镜像
sed -i 's/k8s.gcr.io/registry.aliyuncs.com\/google_containers/' /etc/containerd/config.toml
配置k8s国内镜像
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
安装kubeadm,kubelet,kubectl
yum install -y kubeadm kubelet kubectl
# 查看版本
kubectl version
# 设置开机启动
systemctl enable kubelet
组件镜像拉取(master节点执行)
kubeadm config images list
registry.k8s.io/kube-apiserver:v1.25.0
registry.k8s.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.25.0
registry.k8s.io/kube-scheduler:v1.25.0
registry.k8s.io/kube-proxy:v1.25.0
registry.k8s.io/pause:3.8
registry.k8s.io/etcd:3.5.4-0
registry.k8s.io/coredns/coredns:v1.9.3
for i in $(kubeadm config images list);do \
# imageName=${i#k8s.gcr.io/}
# imageName=${i##*/} # 删除/左边的
imageName=${i##*/} \
# 删除registry.k8s.io/
docker pull registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$imageName \
docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$imageName k8s.gcr.io/$imageName \
docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$imageName \
done;
# 检查是否都拉去并修改了
docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver v1.25.0 4d2edfd10d3e 2 weeks ago 128MB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager v1.25.0 1a54c86c03a6 2 weeks ago 117MB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler v1.25.0 bef2cf311509 2 weeks ago 50.6MB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy v1.25.0 58a9a0c6d96f 2 weeks ago 61.7MB
k8s.gcr.io/pause 3.8 4873874c08ef 2 months ago 711kB
k8s.gcr.io/etcd 3.5.4-0 a8a176a5d5d6 3 months ago 300MB
k8s.gcr.io/coredns v1.9.3 5185b96f0bec 3 months ago 48.8MB
初始化（master节点执行）
kubeadm init --image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.2.191 --kubernetes-version=v1.25.0 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
# 安装成功显示
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 192.168.2.191:6443 --token 2gu197.0bnvkd4aa97im2gf \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:eae16427f790e869106fd556b273d1229a5ca214dfb30d0fa3c1c6602676d1bc
从节点加入(node节点执行)
kubeadm join 192.168.2.191:6443 --token 2gu197.0bnvkd4aa97im2gf \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:eae16427f790e869106fd556b273d1229a5ca214dfb30d0fa3c1c6602676d1bc
# 成功结果
kubeadm join 192.168.2.191:6443 --token 2gu197.0bnvkd4aa97im2gf --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:eae16427f790e869106fd556b273d1229a5ca214dfb30d0fa3c1c6602676d1bc
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...
This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.
Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.
检测是否安装成功
# master节点执行
kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master NotReady control-plane 24m v1.25.0
node01 NotReady <none> 10m v1.25.0
[root@master flanel]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-c676cc86f-d92mm 0/1 Pending 0 24m
coredns-c676cc86f-p6gnz 0/1 Pending 0 24m
etcd-master 1/1 Running 0 24m
kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 24m
kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 0 24m
kube-proxy-jw4hz 1/1 Running 0 24m
kube-proxy-k6866 1/1 Running 0 10m
kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 0 24m
# 上面status为NotReady则有问题，接下来排查问题
kubectl describe nodes
# 其中有一部分为
# container runtime network not ready: NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:Network plugin returns error: cni plugin not initialized
# 说明是cni（容器网络）插件的问题
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-c676cc86f-8hf8k 0/1 Pending 0 13h
coredns-c676cc86f-tmc5d 0/1 Pending 0 13h
etcd-master 1/1 Running 0 13h
kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 13h
kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 0 13h
kube-proxy-xn5dk 1/1 Running 0 13h
kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 0 13h
# 可以看到coredns都是pending
安装flannel网络工具
---
kind: Namespace
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel
labels:
pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: flannel
namespace: kube-flannel
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-flannel
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
"name": "cbr0",
"cniVersion": "0.3.1",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds
namespace: kube-flannel
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
hostNetwork: true
priorityClassName: system-node-critical
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni-plugin
#image: flannelcni/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.0 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.0
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /flannel
- /opt/cni/bin/flannel
volumeMounts:
- name: cni-plugin
mountPath: /opt/cni/bin
- name: install-cni
#image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.19.2 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.19.2
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
#image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.19.2 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.19.2
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
- name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTH
value: "5000"
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
- name: xtables-lock
mountPath: /run/xtables.lock
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni-plugin
hostPath:
path: /opt/cni/bin
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
- name: xtables-lock
hostPath:
path: /run/xtables.lock
type: FileOrCreate
安装与验证
网络好可以执行下面命令下载
curl -O https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel/blob/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
或者直接执行
kubectl -n kube-system apply -f https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel/blob/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
[root@master srv]# kubectl create ns kube-flannel
[root@master srv]# kubectl -n kube-system apply -f kube-flannel.yml
namespace/kube-flannel unchanged
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel unchanged
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel unchanged
the namespace from the provided object "kube-flannel" does not match the namespace "kube-system". You must pass '--namespace=kube-flannel' to perform this operation.
the namespace from the provided object "kube-flannel" does not match the namespace "kube-system". You must pass '--namespace=kube-flannel' to perform this operation.
the namespace from the provided object "kube-flannel" does not match the namespace "kube-system". You must pass '--namespace=kube-flannel' to perform this operation.
# 再次验证
[root@master srv]# kubectl get pod -n kube-flannel
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-flannel-ds-jr7sb 1/1 Running 0 9h
kube-flannel-ds-kfhnv 1/1 Running 0 9h
[root@master flanel]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master Ready control-plane 9h v1.25.0
node01 Ready <none> 9h v1.25.0
kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
coredns-c676cc86f-d92mm 1/1 Running 0 11h 10.244.0.2 master <none> <none>
coredns-c676cc86f-p6gnz 1/1 Running 0 11h 10.244.0.3 master <none> <none>
etcd-master 1/1 Running 0 11h 192.168.2.191 master <none> <none>
kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 11h 192.168.2.191 master <none> <none>
kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 0 11h 192.168.2.191 master <none> <none>
kube-proxy-jw4hz 1/1 Running 0 11h 192.168.2.191 master <none> <none>
kube-proxy-k6866 1/1 Running 0 11h 192.168.2.192 node01 <none> <none>
kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 0 11h 192.168.2.191 master <none> <none>
可视化界面kuboard安装
docker run -d \
--restart=unless-stopped \
--name=kuboard \
-p 80:80/tcp \
-p 10081:10081/tcp \
-e KUBOARD_ENDPOINT="http://内网ip(192.168.2.192):80" \
-e KUBOARD_AGENT_SERVER_TCP_PORT="10081" \
-v /root/kuboard-data:/data \
eipwork/kuboard:v3
默认用户名：admin 密码： Kuboard123
创建命名空间demo及安装mysql
# 创建命名空间
kubectl create ns demo
demo-mysql-01.yml
apiVersion: apps/v1 # apiserver的版本
kind: Deployment # 副本控制器deployment，管理pod和RS
metadata:
name: mysql # deployment的名称，全局唯一
namespace: default # deployment所在的命名空间
labels:
app: mysql
spec:
replicas: 1 # Pod副本期待数量
selector:
matchLabels: # 定义RS的标签
app: mysql # 符合目标的Pod拥有此标签
strategy: # 定义升级的策略
type: RollingUpdate # 滚动升级，逐步替换的策略
template: # 根据此模板创建Pod的副本（实例）
metadata:
labels:
app: mysql # Pod副本的标签，对应RS的Selector
spec:
# nodeName: k8s-worker01 # 指定pod运行在的node
containers: # Pod里容器的定义部分
- name: mysql # 容器的名称
image: mysql:8.0 # 容器对应的docker镜像
volumeMounts: # 容器内挂载点的定义部分
- name: time-zone # 容器内挂载点名称
mountPath: /etc/localtime # 容器内挂载点路径，可以是文件或目录
- name: mysql-data
mountPath: /var/lib/mysql # 容器内mysql的数据目录
- name: mysql-logs
mountPath: /var/log/mysql # 容器内mysql的日志目录
ports:
- containerPort: 3306 # 容器暴露的端口号
env: # 写入到容器内的环境容量
- name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD # 定义了一个mysql的root密码的变量
value: "123456"
volumes: # 本地需要挂载到容器里的数据卷定义部分
- name: time-zone # 数据卷名称，需要与容器内挂载点名称一致
hostPath:
path: /etc/localtime # 挂载到容器里的路径，将localtime文件挂载到容器里，可让容器使用本地的时区
- name: mysql-data
hostPath:
path: /data/mysql/data # 本地存放mysql数据的目录
- name: mysql-logs
hostPath:
path: /data/mysql/logs # 本地存入mysql日志的目录
k8s运行
kubectl create -f demo-mysql-01.yml -n demo
# 查看容器状态
kubectl -n demo get pods
[root@master mysql]# kubectl get pods -n demo
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
mysql-78f4fd7f9c-llnrv 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 16s
# 查看容器具体状态
kubectl -n demo describe pod
其中一部分是
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal Scheduled 3m22s default-scheduler Successfully assigned demo/mysql-78f4fd7f9c-llnrv to node01
Normal Pulling 3m21s kubelet Pulling image "mysql:8.0"
表示还在拉取镜像，耐心等待一会
kubectl get pods -n demo
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
mysql-78f4fd7f9c-llnrv 1/1 Running 0 6m7s
访问mysql
命令行方式
kubectl -n demo exec -it mysql-78f4fd7f9c-llnrv -- mysql -uroot -p
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 8.0.30 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
kuboard命令行
