linux下www服务器技术总结

原创

再别combridge 2012-05-03 23:44:12 博主文章分类：linux基础 ©著作权

文章标签 color 2009 160 文章分类 服务器

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[root@zzu ~]# cd /mnt/cdrom/Server/
[root@zzu Server]# ll http*
-r--r--r-- 86 root root 1266575 Jul 28 2009 httpd-2.2.3-31.el5.i386.rpm
-r--r--r-- 99 root root 150002 Jul 28 2009 httpd-devel-2.2.3-31.el5.i386.rpm 包含头文件和库文件
-r--r--r-- 86 root root 830924 Jul 28 2009 httpd-manual-2.2.3-31.el5.i386.rpm 帮助书册

[root@zzu Server]# rpm -ivh httpd-2.2.3-31.el5.i386.rpm

[root@zzu Server]# rpm -ivh httpd-devel-2.2.3-31.el5.i386.rpm

[root@zzu Server]# rpm -ivh httpd-manual-2.2.3-31.el5.i386.rpm

[root@zzu Server]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@zzu html]# vim index.html

1：http的与派生机制（1个父进程和8个子进程）

[root@zzu html]# ps aux|grep httpd
root 2568 0.0 0.2 7496 2704 pts/2 S+ 00:34 0:00 vim conf/httpd.conf
root 3603 0.0 0.2 10576 2940 ? Ss 02:15 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache 3604 0.0 0.2 10576 2120 ? S 02:15 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache 3605 0.0 0.2 10576 2120 ? S 02:15 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache 3606 0.0 0.2 10576 2120 ? S 02:15 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache 3607 0.0 0.2 10576 2120 ? S 02:15 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache 3608 0.0 0.2 10576 2120 ? S 02:15 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache 3610 0.0 0.2 10576 2120 ? S 02:15 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache 3611 0.0 0.2 10576 2120 ? S 02:15 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache 3612 0.0 0.2 10576 2120 ? S 02:15 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd

[root@zzu httpd]# cat run/httpd.pid 父进程的pid
3603

[root@zzu ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf www服务器的测试页面

2：目录安全性和符号链接的跟踪

[root@zzu ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

306 alias /qq "/var/www/html"

307 <Directory "/var/www/html">

321 Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

336 </Directory>

[root@zzu ~]# mkdir /qq

[root@zzu ~]# cd /var/www/html/

[root@zzu html]# touch f1

[root@zzu html]# ln -s /etc/passwd ln1

[root@zzu ~]# service httpd restart
Stopping httpd: [ OK ]
Starting httpd: [ OK ]

3：身份验证

[root@zzu html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

307 <Directory "/var/www/html">

327 AllowOverride all

336 </Directory>

[root@zzu ~]# cd /var/www/html/

[root@zzu html]# vim index.html
hello!!!!!!!!!!!!!
[root@zzu html]# vim .htaccess 创建目录访问的控制文件
authuserfile /var/www/html/.htpasswd 账号文件的位置
authtype basic
authname "please input your name and passwd"
require valid-user

[root@zzu html]# htpasswd -c .htpasswd user1 产生账号user1
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user user1
[root@zzu html]# htpasswd .htpasswd user2 产生账号user2
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user user2

[root@zzu html]# service httpd restart

4:个人站点的发布

349 <IfModule mod_userdir.c>
355 # UserDir disable 注释掉该行
362 UserDir public_html 启用该行
364 </IfModule>

370 <Directory /home/*/public_html>
372 Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec 注释掉该行
381 </Directory>

[root@zzu html]# useradd user1
[root@zzu html]# echo "123"|passwd --stdin user1
Changing password for user user1.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully

增加用户user1

[root@zzu html]# useradd user1
[root@zzu html]# echo "123"|passwd --stdin user1
Changing password for user user1.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@zzu html]# su - user1
[user1@zzu ~]$ pwd
/home/user1
[user1@zzu ~]$ mkdir public_html
[user1@zzu ~]$ ll
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 2 user1 user1 4096 Feb 8 03:14 public_html
[user1@zzu ~]$ vim index.html

this is user1' home!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[root@zzu ~]# service httpd restart

[root@zzu ~]# su - user1
[user1@zzu ~]$ pwd
/home/user1
[user1@zzu ~]$ cd ..
[user1@zzu home]$ ll
total 12
drwx------ 4 user1 user1 4096 Feb 8 03:23 user1 user1的目录other用户没有可读的权限
[user1@zzu home]$ chmod o+rx user1/
[user1@zzu home]$ ll
total 12
drwx---r-x 4 user1 user1 4096 Feb 8 03:23 user1

[root@zzu ~]# service httpd restart

改进：

370 alias /user1 "/home/*/public_html"
371 <Directory /home/*/public_html>
373 Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec
382 </Directory>

5:基于ip地址的来源控制

307 <Directory "/var/www/html">

332 Order allow,deny
333 Allow from 192.168.1.5 只允许192.168.1.5访问

336 </Directory>

307 <Directory "/var/www/html">

332 Order allow,deny
333 Allow from 192.168.1.0/24
334 deny from 192.168.1.5

336 </Directory>

6:虚拟目录

alias /qq "/var/www/html"

307 <Directory "/var/www/html">

336 </Directory>

7:基于ip地址的虚拟主机

[root@zzu html]# ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.1.101
[root@zzu html]# ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.1.102

[root@zzu html]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:4B:61:16
inet addr:192.168.1.100 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:4B:61:16
inet addr:192.168.1.101 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:4B:61:16
inet addr:192.168.1.102 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

[root@zzu ~]# cd /var/www
[root@zzu www]# mkdir tec mkt

tec!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[root@zzu www]# vim mkt/index.html
mkt!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[root@zzu www]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

<VirtualHost 192.168.1.100:80>
ServerAdmin root@zzu.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html
ServerName www.abc.com
ErrorLog logs/error_log_www
CustomLog logs/access_log_www common
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost 192.168.1.101:80>
ServerAdmin root@zzu.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/tec
ServerName tec.abc.com
ErrorLog logs/error_log_tec
CustomLog logs/access_log_tec common
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost 192.168.1.102:80>
ServerAdmin root@zzu.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/mkt
ServerName mkt.abc.com
ErrorLog logs/error_log_www
CustomLog logs/access_log_www common
</VirtualHost>

[root@zzu www]# service httpd restart
Stopping httpd: [ OK ]
Starting httpd: [ OK ]

C:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc\hosts 修改该文件

192.168.1.100 www.abc.com
192.168.1.101 tec.abc.com
192.168.1.102 mkt.abc.com

8：基于端口的虚拟主机

C:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc\hosts 修改该文件

192.168.1.100 www.abc.com

[root@zzu www]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
listen 80

listen 800
listen 8000

<VirtualHost 192.168.1.100:80>
ServerAdmin root@zzu.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html
ServerName www.abc.com
ErrorLog logs/error_log_www
CustomLog logs/access_log_www common
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost 192.168.1.100:800>
ServerAdmin root@zzu.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/tec
ServerName tec.abc.com
ErrorLog logs/error_log_tec
CustomLog logs/access_log_tec common
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost 192.168.1.100:8000>
ServerAdmin root@zzu.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/mkt
ServerName mkt.abc.com
ErrorLog logs/error_log_www
CustomLog logs/access_log_www common
</VirtualHost>

9：基于主机头的虚拟主机

C:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc\hosts 修改该文件

192.168.1.100 www.abc.com
192.168.1.100 tec.abc.com
192.168.1.100 mkt.abc.com

[root@zzu www]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.100:80

<VirtualHost 192.168.1.100:80>
ServerAdmin root@zzu.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html
ServerName www.abc.com
ErrorLog logs/error_log_www
CustomLog logs/access_log_www common
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost 192.168.1.100:80>
ServerAdmin root@zzu.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/tec
ServerName tec.abc.com
ErrorLog logs/error_log_tec
CustomLog logs/access_log_tec common
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost 192.168.1.100:80>
ServerAdmin root@zzu.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/mkt
ServerName mkt.abc.com
ErrorLog logs/error_log_mkt

CustomLog logs/access_log_mkt common
</VirtualHost>

10:ab压力测试工具

模拟同时在线1000个用户请求10000次

[root@zzu ~]# ab -c 1000 -n 10000 http://127.0.0.1/index.html
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.0.40-dev <$Revision: 1.146 $> apache-2.0
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking 127.0.0.1 (be patient)
Completed 1000 requests
Completed 2000 requests
Completed 3000 requests
Completed 4000 requests
Completed 5000 requests
Completed 6000 requests
Completed 7000 requests
Completed 8000 requests
Completed 9000 requests
Finished 10000 requests

Server Software: Apache/2.2.3
Server Hostname: 127.0.0.1
Server Port: 80

Document Path: /index.html
Document Length: 19 bytes

Concurrency Level: 1000
Time taken for tests: 8.446858 seconds 测试耗时8s
Complete requests: 10000
Failed requests: 0
Write errors: 0
Total transferred: 2820000 bytes
HTML transferred: 190000 bytes
Requests per second: 1183.87 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 844.686 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 0.845 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)平均每次请求不到一秒钟
Transfer rate: 325.92 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 74 487.1 1 6051
Processing: 0 504 1381.3 57 6135
Waiting: 0 502 1381.7 55 6135
Total: 31 579 1532.0 58 6809

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 58
66% 73
75% 83
80% 101
90% 1835 90%的请求在1s左右正常
95% 5785
98% 6516
99% 6620
100% 6809 (longest request)
[root@zzu ~]#

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