参考:http://jiedushi.blog.51cto.com/673653/466261
nginx安装可以参考:http://freeloda.blog.51cto.com/2033581/1288553
nginx的高可用实现后端realserver的负载均衡
实验环境:
OS:Centos 6.4(redhat 6.4)
yum源:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | [centos]
gpgcheck=1 enable =0
[epel] name=sohu-epel
enable =1 gpgcheck=0 |
拓扑图:
拓扑图的规划:
IP地址 | 软件 | |
Master | 172.16.22.1(VIP:172.16.22.100) | keepalived+nginx |
Backup | 172.16.22.2(VIP:172.16.22.100) | keepalived+nginx |
apache1 | 172.16.22.3 | httpd |
apache2 | 172.16.22.4 | httpd |
此架构需考虑的问题
1)、Master没挂,则Master占有vip且nginx运行在Master上
2)、Master挂了,则backup抢占vip且在backup上运行nginx服务
3)、如果master服务器上的nginx服务挂了,则vip资源转移到backup服务器上
4)、检测后端服务器的健康状态
Master和Backup两边都开启nginx服务,无论Master还是Backup,当其中的一个keepalived服务停止后,vip都会漂移到keepalived服务还在的节点上,
如果要想使nginx服务挂了,vip也漂移到另一个节点,则必须用脚本或者在配置文件里面用shell命令来控制。
首先必须明确后端服务器的健康状态检测keepalived在这种架构上是无法检测的,后端服务器的健康状态检测是有nginx来判断的,但是nginx的检测机制有一定的缺陷,后端服务器某一个宕机之后,nginx还是会分发请求给它,在一定的时间内后端服务响应不了,nginx则会发给另外一个服务器,然后当客户的请求来了,nginx会一段时间内不会把请求分发给已经宕机的服务器,但是过一段时间后,nginx还是会把分发请求发给宕机的服务器上。
一、安装keepalived+nginx
Master:
1、安装keepalived和编译安装nginx
[root@jie1 ~]# yum -y install keepalived [root@jie1 ~]#tar xf nginx-1.4.2.tar.gz [root@jie1 ~]#yum -y groupinstall "Development tools" "Server Platform Development" [root@jie1 ~]#yum -y install pcre-devel [root@jie1 ~]# cd nginx-1.4.2 [root@jie1 nginx-1.4.2]# groupadd nginx [root@jie1 nginx-1.4.2]# useradd -r -g nginx nginx [root@jie1 nginx-1.4.2]#./configure \ --prefix=/usr\ --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx\ --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \ --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \ --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \ --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \ --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \ --user=nginx \ --group=nginx \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_flv_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/\ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/\ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/\ --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi\ --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi\ --with-pcre [root@jie1 nginx-1.4.2]# make && make install
2、提供nginx的system V服务脚本文件
[root@jie1 nginx-1.4.2]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx#!/bin/sh## nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon## chkconfig: - 85 15# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server# processname: nginx# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid# Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # Source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network# Check that networking is up.[ "$NETWORKING"= "no"] && exit0nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"prog=$(basename$nginx)NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginxlockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginxmake_dirs() {# make required directoriesuser=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep"configure arguments:"| sed's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g'-`options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep'configure arguments:'`foropt in$options; doif[ `echo$opt | grep'.*-temp-path'` ]; thenvalue=`echo$opt | cut-d "="-f 2`if[ ! -d "$value"]; then# echo "creating" $valuemkdir-p $value && chown-R $user$valuefifidone}start() {[ -x $nginx ] || exit5[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit6make_dirsecho-n $"Starting $prog: " daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq0 ] && touch$lockfilereturn$retval } stop() { echo-n $"Stopping $prog: "killproc $prog -QUITretval=$?echo[ $retval -eq0 ] && rm-f $lockfilereturn$retval}restart() {configtest || return$?stopsleep1start}reload() {configtest || return$?echo-n $"Reloading $prog: " killproc $nginx -HUP RETVAL=$? echo } force_reload() { restart } configtest() { $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE } rh_status() { status $prog } rh_status_q() { rh_status >/dev/null2>&1 } case"$1"in start) rh_status_q && exit0$1 ;; stop) rh_status_q ||exit0$1 ;; restart|configtest) $1 ;; reload) rh_status_q || exit7 $1 ;; force-reload) force_reload ;; status) rh_status ;; condrestart|try-restart) rh_status_q ||exit0 ;; *) echo$"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"exit2esac[root@jie1 nginx-1.4.2]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx[root@jie1 nginx-1.4.2]# service nginx startStarting nginx: [ OK ][root@jie1 nginx-1.4.2]# scp -p /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx 172.16.22.2:/etc/rc.d/init.d #把nginx的服务脚本复制到backup上,-p是保持原有的权限
3、修改配置文件
[root@jie1 ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/ [root@jie1 keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf global_defs { notification_email { root@localhost } notification_email_from admin@localhost smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LTT } vrrp_script chk_nginx { #检测nginx服务是否在运行有很多方式,比如进程,用脚本检测等等 script "killall -0 nginx"#用shell命令检查nginx服务是否存在 interval 1#时间间隔为1秒检测一次 weight -2#当nginx的服务不存在了,就把当前的权重-2 fall 2#测试失败的次数 rise 1#测试成功的次数 } vrrp_instance IN_1 {state MASTER interface eth0virtual_router_id 22priority 100advert_int 1authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass aaaa } virtual_ipaddress {172.16.22.100} track_script { chk_nginx #引用上面的vrrp_script定义的脚本名称 } } [root@jie1 keepalived]#scp keepalived.conf 172.16.22.2:/etc/keepalived #把配置文件copy到Backup服务器上,copy之前要保证Backup服务器上面已经安装了keepalived
4、开启keepalived和nginx的服务
[root@jie1 keepalived]# service keepalived startStartingkeepalived: [ OK ] [root@jie1 keepalived]# chkconfig --add keepalived [root@jie1 keepalived]# chkconfig keepalived on [root@jie1 ~]# service nginx startStartingnginx: [ OK ] [root@jie1 ~]# chkconfig --add nginx [root@jie1 ~]# chkconfig nginx on
Backup:
1、安装keepalived和编译安装nginx
[root@jie2 ~]# yum -y install keepalived [root@jie2 ~]#tar xf nginx-1.4.2.tar.gz [root@jie2 ~]#yum -y groupinstall "Development tools" "Server Platform Development" [root@jie2 ~]#yum -y install pcre-devel [root@jie2 ~]# cd nginx-1.4.2 [root@jie2 nginx-1.4.2]# groupadd nginx [root@jie2 nginx-1.4.2]# useradd -r -g nginx nginx [root@jie2 nginx-1.4.2]#./configure \ --prefix=/usr \ --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \ --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \ --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \ --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \ --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \ --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \ --user=nginx \ --group=nginx \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_flv_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \ --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \ --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \ --with-pcre [root@jie2 nginx-1.4.2]# make && make install
2、之前 已经从Master复制了nginx的system V服务脚本文件,启动nginx 服务
[root@jie2 ~]# service nginx startStartingnginx: [ OK ] [root@jie2 ~]# chkconfig --add nginx [root@jie2 ~]# chkconfig nginx on
3、修改配置文件
@jie2# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@jie2 keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf #此配置文件是从Master服务器上copy过来,只需小小改动
state BACKUP #把这里原先的MASTER改成BACKUP
priority 99#把这里原先的100改成99
auth_pass aaaa 验证密码需要一样
4、开启服务
[root@jie2 keepalived]# service keepalived startStartingkeepalived: [ OK ] [root@jie2 keepalived]# chkconfig --add keepalived [root@jie2 keepalived]# chkconfig keepalived on
apache1:
1、安装(博主这里用rpm包安装,各位朋友可以用源码编译安装)
[root@jie3 ~]# yum -y install httpd
2、建立测试网页文件
[root@jie3 ~]# cd /var/www/html/ [root@jie3 html]# cat index.html #建一个测试网页 <h1>this is apache1</h1>
3、开启服务
[root@jie3 html]# service httpd startStartinghttpd: [ OK ] [root@jie3 html]# chkconfig --add httpd [root@jie3 html]# chkconfig httpd on
apache2:
1、安装(博主这里用rpm包安装,各位朋友可以用源码编译安装)
[root@jie4 ~]# yum -y install httpd
2、建立测试网页文件
[root@jie4 ~]# cd /var/www/html/ [root@jie4 html]# cat index.html #建一个测试网页 <h1>this is apache2</h1>
3、开启服务
[root@jie4 html]# service httpd startStartinghttpd: [ OK ] [root@jie4 html]# chkconfig --add httpd [root@jie4 html]# chkconfig httpd on
此致所有安装已经完成。
二、nginx实现后端realserver的负载均衡,由于两边的配置文件必须保持一致,所以在Master配置完后直接copy到Backup上
Master:
[root@jie1 ~]# cd /etc/nginx/ [root@jie1 nginx]# grep -v "#" nginx.conf | grep -v "^$" worker_processes 1; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; upstream apacheweb { #定义负载均衡的模块server 172.16.22.3:80 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=2s; server 172.16.22.4:80 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=2s; } server {listen80; server_name localhost; location / { root html;indexindex.html index.htm; } error_page 500502503504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } location ~ \.(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$ { root /var/www/html; #此处定义后端服务器网页存放路径proxy_pass http://apacheweb; } } } [root@jie1 nginx]# scp nginx.conf 172.16.22.2:/etc/nginx
两边分别重启服务
[root@jie2 nginx]# service nginx restart nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful Stopping nginx: [ OK ] Starting nginx: [ OK ] [root@jie2 nginx]# service nginx restart
可以通过ip add show 查看VIP漂移情况
tail -f /var/log/message跟踪vip日志变化
验证负载均衡:
本博客只是简单的用nginx做了方向代理和静态页面的负载均衡。