#include <memory.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
char string1[60] = "The quick brown dog jumps over the lazy fox";
char string2[60] = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";
void main( void )
{
printf( "Function:\tmemcpy without overlap\n" );
printf( "Source:\t\t%s\n", string1 + 40 );
printf( "Destination:\t%s\n", string1 + 16 );
memcpy( string1 + 16, string1 + 40, 3 );
printf( "Result:\t\t%s\n", string1 );
printf( "Length:\t\t%d characters\n\n", strlen( string1 ) );
/* Restore string1 to original contents */
memcpy( string1 + 16, string2 + 40, 3 );
printf( "Function:\tmemmove with overlap\n" );
printf( "Source:\t\t%s\n", string2 + 4 );
printf( "Destination:\t%s\n", string2 + 10 );
memmove( string2 + 10, string2 + 4, 40 );
printf( "Result:\t\t%s\n", string2 );
printf( "Length:\t\t%d characters\n\n", strlen( string2 ) );
printf( "Function:\tmemcpy with overlap\n" );
printf( "Source:\t\t%s\n", string1 + 4 );
printf( "Destination:\t%s\n", string1 + 10 );
memcpy( string1 + 10, string1 + 4, 40 );
printf( "Result:\t\t%s\n", string1 );
printf( "Length:\t\t%d characters\n\n", strlen( string1 ) );
}
/*
Output
Function: memcpy without overlap
Source: fox
Destination: dog jumps over the lazy fox
Result: The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy fox
Length: 43 characters
Function: memmove with overlap
Source: quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
Destination: brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
Result: The quick quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
Length: 49 characters
Function: memcpy with overlap
Source: quick brown dog jumps over the lazy fox
Destination: brown dog jumps over the lazy fox
Result: The quick quick brown dog jumps over the lazy fox
Length: 49 characters
memmove也是把source 指向的对象中的n个字符拷贝到destin所指向的对象中,
但过程就好象是先把source所指向的对象拷贝到临时数组中,
然后在从临时数组拷贝到destin所指的对象中,返回指向结果对象的指针。
但要注意,除memmove之外的字符串操作函数在拷贝同一个字符串中的字符时,
其结果是不确定的。
也就是说,memmove可以把自己的一部分拷贝给自己的另一部分。
其他函数不行,比如memcpy.
*/
strcpy和memcpy的区别
strcpy和memcpy都是标准C库函数,它们有下面的特点。
strcpy提供了字符串的复制。即strcpy只用于字符串复制,并且它不仅复制字符串内容之外,还会复制字符串的结束符。
已知strcpy函数的原型是:char* strcpy(char* dest, const char* src);
memcpy提供了一般内存的复制。即memcpy对于需要复制的内容没有限制,因此用途更广。
void *memcpy( void *dest, const void *src, size_t count );
char * strcpy ( char * dest, const char * src) // 实现src到dest的复制
{
if ((src == NULL) || (dest == NULL)) //判断参数src和dest的有效性
{
return NULL;
}
char *strdest = dest; //保存目标字符串的首地址
while ((*strDest++ = *strSrc++)!= '\0' ); //把src字符串的内容复制到dest下
return strdest;
}
void * memcpy ( void *memTo, const void *memFrom, size_t size)
{
if ((memTo == NULL) || (memFrom == NULL)) //memTo和memFrom必须有效
return NULL;
char *tempFrom = ( char *)memFrom; //保存memFrom首地址
char *tempTo = ( char *)memTo; //保存memTo首地址
while (size -- > 0) //循环size次,复制memFrom的值到memTo中
*tempTo++ = *tempFrom++ ;
return memTo;
}
strcpy和memcpy主要有以下3方面的区别。
1、复制的内容不同。strcpy只能复制字符串,而memcpy可以复制任意内容,例如字符数组、整型、结构体、类等。
2、复制的方法不同。strcpy不需要指定长度,它遇到被复制字符的串结束符"\0"才结束,所以容易溢出。memcpy则是根据其第3个参数决定复制的长度。
3、用途不同。通常在复制字符串时用strcpy,而需要复制其他类型数据时则一般用memcpy