复制和视图
当运算和处理数组时，它们的数据有时被拷贝到新的数组有时不是。这通常是新手的困惑之源。这有三种情况:
完全不拷贝
简单的赋值不拷贝数组对象或它们的数据。
>>> a = arange(12)
>>> b = a # no new object is created
>>> b is a # a and b are two names for the same ndarray object
True
>>> b.shape = 3,4 # changes the shape of a
>>> a.shape
(3, 4)
>>> a = arange(12)
>>> b = a # no new object is created
>>> b is a # a and b are two names for the same ndarray object
True
>>> b.shape = 3,4 # changes the shape of a
>>> a.shape
(3, 4)Python 传递不定对象作为参考 4 ，所以函数调用不拷贝数组。
>>> def f(x):
... print id(x)
...
>>> id(a) # id is a unique identifier of an object
148293216
>>> f(a)
148293216
>>> def f(x):
... print id(x)
...
>>> id(a) # id is a unique identifier of an object
148293216
>>> f(a)
148293216视图(view)和浅复制
不同的数组对象分享同一个数据。视图方法创造一个新的数组对象指向同一数据。
>>> c = a.view()
>>> c is a
False
>>> c.base is a # c is a view of the data owned by a
True
>>> c.flags.owndata
False
>>>
>>> c.shape = 2,6 # a's shape doesn't change
>>> a.shape
(3, 4)
>>> c[0,4] = 1234 # a's data changes
>>> a
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3],
[1234, 5, 6, 7],
[ 8, 9, 10, 11]])
>>> c = a.view()
>>> c is a
False
>>> c.base is a # c is a view of the data owned by a
True
>>> c.flags.owndata
False
>>>
>>> c.shape = 2,6 # a's shape doesn't change
>>> a.shape
(3, 4)
>>> c[0,4] = 1234 # a's data changes
>>> a
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3],
[1234, 5, 6, 7],
[ 8, 9, 10, 11]])切片数组返回它的一个视图：
>>> s = a[ : , 1:3] # spaces added for clarity; could also be written "s = a[:,1:3]"
>>> s[:] = 10 # s[:] is a view of s. Note the difference between s=10 and s[:]=10
>>> a
array([[ 0, 10, 10, 3],
[1234, 10, 10, 7],
[ 8, 10, 10, 11]])
>>> s = a[ : , 1:3] # spaces added for clarity; could also be written "s = a[:,1:3]"
>>> s[:] = 10 # s[:] is a view of s. Note the difference between s=10 and s[:]=10
>>> a
array([[ 0, 10, 10, 3],
[1234, 10, 10, 7],
[ 8, 10, 10, 11]])深复制
这个复制方法完全复制数组和它的数据。
>>> d = a.copy() # a new array object with new data is created
>>> d is a
False
>>> d.base is a # d doesn't share anything with a
False
>>> d[0,0] = 9999
>>> a
array([[ 0, 10, 10, 3],
[1234, 10, 10, 7],
[ 8, 10, 10, 11]])0
>>> a = arange(12)
>>> b=a
>>> b is a
True
>>> b.shape
(12,)
>>> b
array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11])
>>> b.shape =3,4
>>> a
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3],
[ 4, 5, 6, 7],
[ 8, 9, 10, 11]])
>>> def f(x):
... print id(x)
...
>>> id(a)
35190088
>>> f(a)
35190088
>>> c = a.view()
>>> c
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3],
[ 4, 5, 6, 7],
[ 8, 9, 10, 11]])
>>> c is a
False
>>>
>>> a
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3],
[ 4, 5, 6, 7],
[ 8, 9, 10, 11]])
>>> c.base is a
True
>>> c.flags.owndata
False
>>> c.shape
(3, 4)
>>> c.shape =2,6
>>> a.shape
(3, 4)
>>> a
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3],
[ 4, 5, 6, 7],
[ 8, 9, 10, 11]])
>>> c
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
[ 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]])
>>> c[0,4]=1234
>>> a
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3],
[1234, 5, 6, 7],
[ 8, 9, 10, 11]])
>>> s = a[ : , 1:3]
>>> s
array([[ 1, 2],
[ 5, 6],
[ 9, 10]])
>>> s[:]=10
>>> s
array([[10, 10],
[10, 10],
[10, 10]])
>>> a
array([[ 0, 10, 10, 3],
[1234, 10, 10, 7],
[ 8, 10, 10, 11]])
>>> d = a.copy()
>>> d is a
False
>>> d.base is a
False
>>> d
array([[ 0, 10, 10, 3],
[1234, 10, 10, 7],
[ 8, 10, 10, 11]])
>>> a
array([[ 0, 10, 10, 3],
[1234, 10, 10, 7],
[ 8, 10, 10, 11]])
>>> d[0,0]=9999
>>> a
array([[ 0, 10, 10, 3],
[1234, 10, 10, 7],
[ 8, 10, 10, 11]])
>>>
