Linux RPM 构建笔记

文章目录

• ​​preparing to build RPMS​​

• ​​Planning what you want to build​​

• ​​Building RPMS​​

• ​​Set up the directory structure​​
• ​​The introduction section​​
• ​​The prep section​​
• ​​The build section​​
• ​​the install section​​
• ​​脚本段​​
• ​​The clean section​​
• ​​The files sections​​
• ​​changelog 段​​

• ​​The spec file​​
• ​​defiining package information​​

• preparing to build RPMS
• Planning for RPMS
• Explaining the build process
• using building files
• seeing the results
• verifying your RPMS
• writing spec files
• defiining package information
• controlling the build
• listing the files in the package
• defining spec file macros

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preparing to build RPMS

The main tasks in building RPMs
are:

• Planning what you want to build
• Gathering the software to package
• Patching the software as needed
• Creating a reproducible build of the software
• Planning for upgrades
• Outlining any dependencies
• Building the RPMS
• Testing the RPMs
• 计划你想要建造什么
• 收集软件包
• 根据需要打补丁
• 创建软件的可复制构建
• 升级计划
• 列出所有依赖关系
• 构建rpm
• 测试rpm

场景：cacti 0.8.7 --> 0.8.8 升级，删除原来，打补丁…需求

RPM capability 能力 封装 构建 厕所

Planning what you want to build

• An application
• Customized or patched?
• A programming library
• A set of system configuration files
• Or a documentation package
• Creating a binary RPM or a source RPM or both?
• 一个应用程序
• 定制或者修补吗?
• 一个编程库
• 一组系统配置文件
• 或者文件包
• 创建二进制RPM或源RPM或两者?

src.rpm tar.gz , spec

Building RPMS

1.Set up the directory structure
2.Place the sources in the right directory
3.Create a command what to do spec file that tells the rpmbuild
4. Build the source and binary RPMs

1.设置目录结构
2.将源代码放在正确的目录中
3.创建一个命令做什么规格文件告诉rpmbuild
4. 构建源代码和二进制rpm

Set up the directory structure

rpmbuild --showrc | grep macros

如何构建自己的​​rpmbuild​​车间

[root@k3smaster ~]# rpmbuild --showrc |grep _topdir
-14: _builddir  %{_topdir}/BUILD
-14: _buildrootdir      %{_topdir}/BUILDROOT
-14: _rpmdir    %{_topdir}/RPMS
-14: _sourcedir %{_topdir}/SOURCES
-14: _specdir   %{_topdir}/SPECS
-14: _srcrpmdir %{_topdir}/SRPMS
-14: _topdir    %{getenv:HOME}/rpmbuild
[root@k3smaster ~]# su - mage
su: user mage does not exist
[root@k3smaster ~]# useradd zongxun
[root@k3smaster ~]# su - zongxun
[zongxun@k3smaster ~]$ rpmbuild --showrc | grep _topdir
-14: _builddir  %{_topdir}/BUILD
-14: _buildrootdir      %{_topdir}/BUILDROOT
-14: _rpmdir    %{_topdir}/RPMS
-14: _sourcedir %{_topdir}/SOURCES
-14: _specdir   %{_topdir}/SPECS
-14: _srcrpmdir %{_topdir}/SRPMS
-14: _topdir    %{getenv:HOME}/rpmbuild
[zongxun@k3smaster ~]$ ls
[zongxun@k3smaster ~]$ vim .rpmmacros
[zongxun@k3smaster ~]$ cat .rpmmacros
%_topdir        /home/zongxun
[zongxun@k3smaster ~]$ vim .rpmmacros
[zongxun@k3smaster ~]$ cat .rpmmacros
%_topdir        /home/zongxun/rpmbuild
[zongxun@k3smaster ~]$ mkdir -pv rpmbuild/{BUILD,RPMS,SOURCES,SPECS,SRPMS}
mkdir: created directory ‘rpmbuild’
mkdir: created directory ‘rpmbuild/BUILD’
mkdir: created directory ‘rpmbuild/RPMS’
mkdir: created directory ‘rpmbuild/SOURCES’
mkdir: created directory ‘rpmbuild/SPECS’
mkdir: created directory ‘rpmbuild/SRPMS’
[zongxun@k3smaster ~]$ rpmbuild --showrc | grep _topdir
-14: _builddir  %{_topdir}/BUILD
-14: _buildrootdir      %{_topdir}/BUILDROOT
-14: _rpmdir    %{_topdir}/RPMS
-14: _sourcedir %{_topdir}/SOURCES
-14: _specdir   %{_topdir}/SPECS
-14: _srcrpmdir %{_topdir}/SRPMS
-14: _topdir    /home/zongxun/rpmbuild

The introduction section

source BUILD

BUILDROOT

BuildRequires 依赖包

查看rpm文件

rpm -qi httpd
Name        : httpd
Version     : 2.4.6
Release     : 97.el7.centos.5
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: Tue 08 Nov 2022 01:48:37 PM CST
Group       : System Environment/Daemons
Size        : 9821136
License     : ASL 2.0
Signature   : RSA/SHA256, Fri 25 Mar 2022 02:21:56 AM CST, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5
Source RPM  : httpd-2.4.6-97.el7.centos.5.src.rpm
Build Date  : Thu 24 Mar 2022 10:59:42 PM CST
Build Host  : x86-02.bsys.centos.org
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Packager    : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>
Vendor      : CentOS
URL         : http://httpd.apache.org/
Summary     : Apache HTTP Server
Description :
The Apache HTTP Server is a powerful, efficient, and extensible
web server.

The prep section

准备阶段

The prep section, short for prepare, defines the commands necessary to prepare for the build

If you are starting with a compressed tar archive (a tarball) of the sources, the prep section needs

to extract the sources

The prep section starts with a %prep statement

This example uses the %setup RPM macro, which knows about tar archives, to extract the files

• prep部分(prepare的缩写)定义了为构建做准备所需的命令
• 如果你从压缩的tar文件(tarball)开始，准备部分需要提取信息源
• prep部分以一个%prep语句开始
• 这个例子使用​​%setup​​ RPM宏来解压缩文件，它知道tar存档

The build section

the install section

脚本段

• %pre 安装之前
• %post安装之后
• %preun卸载之前
• %postun卸载之后

BUILDROOT/

install 比cp更强大

install /etc/fstab /tmp
install -d /tmp/test
install -D /etc/nagios/nagios.cfg /tmp/nagios/nagios.cfg

The clean section

The files sections

changelog 段

定义日志版本更新说明

Build RPMS with the rpmbuild command

rpmbuild -bp nignx.spec
rpmbuild -bc nginx.spec
rpmbuild -bi nginx.spec
rpmbuild -ba nginx.spec

The spec file

在注视当中要用%%表示%

rpmbuildd ba 既生成源码包又生成二进制包

rpm2cpio xxxx.rpm  cpio文件（乱码）
rpm3cpio xxxx.rpm | cpio -t

rpmbuild -rebuild  xxx.src.rpm

展开src包

rpm2cpio nginx-1.0.14-3.src.rpm | cpio -id

去哪里寻找src.rpm包

• rpmfind.net
• rpmone.com

defiining package information

rpmbuild  --clean nginx.spec

rpm -K xxx.rpm  #检查安装包的来源