FTP：安装包是vsftpd-version （very secure FTP daemon）
，用于文件传输。一般用于局域网。
服务器IP：192.168.1.31
客户端IP：192.168.1.32
用户：1、匿名用户ftp
2、普通用户a1，a2
3、虚拟用户
关闭selinux后，普通用户就可以登录了。
普通用户登录后，只是在自己的家目录下，可以随意到系统的其他目录下。
以下是配置文档配置说明
[root@www vsftpd]# pwd
/etc/vsftpd
[root@www vsftpd]# vim vsftpd.conf
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=YES //匿名用户登录开启，ftp用户可以登录
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES //上传文件权限，只对本地用户生效
例如：
客户端验证
[root@localhost ~]# lftp -l a1@192.168.1.31 lftp登录
lftp a1@192.168.1.31:~> put /etc/inittab
884 bytes transferred
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022 //本地用户上传文件的权限
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
anon_upload_enable=YES //是否允许匿名用户有上传权限
例如：
服务器端：
[root@www ftp]# ls
inittab pub upload
[root@www ftp]# setfacl -m u:ftp:rwx upload/
lftp 192.168.1.31:/upload> put /etc/inittab
884 bytes transferred
lftp 192.168.1.31:/upload> help //帮助命令
!<shell-command> (commands)
alias [<name> [<value>]] bookmark [SUBCMD]
cache [SUBCMD] cat [-b] <files>
cd <rdir> chmod [OPTS] mode file...
close [-a] [re]cls [opts] [path/][pattern]
debug [<level>|off] [-o <file>] du [options] <dirs>
exit [<code>|bg] get [OPTS] <rfile> [-o <lfile>]
glob [OPTS] <cmd> <args> help [<cmd>]
history -w file|-r file|-c|-l [cnt] jobs [-v]
kill all|<job_no> lcd <ldir>
lftp [OPTS] <site> ls [<args>]
mget [OPTS] <files> mirror [OPTS] [remote [local]]
mkdir [-p] <dirs> module name [args]
more <files> mput [OPTS] <files>
mrm <files> mv <file1> <file2>
[re]nlist [<args>] open [OPTS] <site>
pget [OPTS] <rfile> [-o <lfile>] put [OPTS] <lfile> [-o <rfile>]
pwd [-p] queue [OPTS] [<cmd>]
quote <cmd> repeat [OPTS] [delay] [command]
rm [-r] [-f] <files> rmdir [-f] <dirs>
scache [<session_no>] set [OPT] [<var> [<val>]]
site <site_cmd> source <file>
torrent [-O <dir>] <file> user <user|URL> [<pass>]
version wait [<jobno>]
zcat <files> zmore <files>
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES //创建目录的权限
anon_other_write_enable=YES //其他权限
例如：lftp 192.168.1.31:/upload> rmdir test/
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES //每切换一个目录，出现欢迎信息
例如：
[root@www upload]# cat .message
-----welcom to upload
--thith you ----
ftp> cd upload
250------welcom to upload
250---thith you ----
250 Directory successfully changed. //显示了编辑的文件信息。
#
# The target log file can be vsftpd_log_file or xferlog_file.
# This depends on setting xferlog_std_format parameter
xferlog_enable=YES //开启传输日志
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
chown_uploads=YES
chown_username=whoever
属主和属组的改变
#
# The name of log file when xferlog_enable=YES and xferlog_std_format=YES
# WARNING - changing this filename affects /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd.log
xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log //传输日志文件在哪里，
例如，查看日志文件
[root@www log]# cat vsftpd.log
Thu Jun 19 22:01:16 2014 1 192.168.1.32 0 /fstab b _ i a lftp@ ftp 0 * i
Thu Jun 19 22:01:30 2014 1 192.168.1.32 899 /upload/fstab b _ i a lftp@ ftp 0 * c
#
# Switches between logging into vsftpd_log_file and xferlog_file files.
# NO writes to vsftpd_log_file, YES to xferlog_file
xferlog_std_format=YES //传输日志文件是否使用标准格式
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
idle_session_timeout=600 //命令连接的回话超时时间
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
data_connection_timeout=120 //数据传输超时时间
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. //欢迎信息
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
chroot_local_user=YES //锁定用户于家目录中
chroot: 禁锢用户于其家目录中，实现方式有两种：
1、禁锢所有用户：
chroot_local_user=YES
2、禁锢指定用户，黑名单
chroot_list_enable=YES
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
3、不禁锢指定用户，白名单
chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES //递归显示文件，危险
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=YES
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
#listen_ipv6=YES
pam_service_name=vsftpd //pam文件，
这个文件，
[root@www vsftpd]# vim /etc/pam.d/vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
ftpusers user_list 这两个文件是限制用户登录的
userlist_deny=NO //当有这项的时候，user_list中的用户，就可以登录ftp
user_list：ftp用户白名单和黑名单：
1、白名单：
userlist_enable=YES
userlist_deny=NO
2、黑名单：默认即是
userlist_enable=YES
userlist_deny=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES
传输速率限定，默认单位为字节：
anon_max_rate=100000
local_max_rate=2000000
