环境
centos7 python3.6
环境部署
yum install python3 pip3 install flask
项目创建
mkdir newproj cd newproj
# cat > Hello_development.py <<EOF ###开发模式
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
app.debug = True ##开启是可以实时查看
@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
return 'Hello World'
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run('0.0.0.0',5000)
EOF
# cat > Hello_production.py <<EOF ###生产模式
from flask import Flask
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
return "hello"
@app.route('/web')
def hello_world2():
return "hello web"
if __name__ == '__main__':
server = make_server('0.0.0.0', 5000, app)
server.serve_forever()
EOF
# python3 Hello_production.py
浏览器访问http://ip:5000
Flask 路由
@app.route('/hello')
def hello_world():
return 'hello world'
http://localhost5000/hello
Flask 变量规则
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/hello/<name>') ##字符串变量
def hello_name(name):
return 'Hello %s!' % name
@app.route('/blog/<int:postID>') ##int型变量
def show_blog(postID):
return 'Blog Number %d' % postID
@app.route('/rev/<float:revNo>') ##浮点型变量
def revision(revNo):
return 'Revision Number %f' % revNo
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug = True)
打开浏览器并输入URL http://localhost:5000/hello/feko 如果输入http://localhost:5000/hello/feko/ 就会报404
规范URL
Flask的URL规则基于Werkzeug的路由模块。这确保形成的URL是唯一的,并且基于Apache规定的先例。
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/hello/<name>/') ##字符串变量
def hello_name(name):
return 'Hello %s!' % name
@app.route('/blog/<int:postID>/') ##int型变量
def show_blog(postID):
return 'Blog Number %d' % postID
@app.route('/rev/<float:revNo>/') ##浮点型变量
def revision(revNo):
return 'Revision Number %f' % revNo
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug = True)
打开浏览器并输入URL http://localhost:5000/hello/feko 或 http://localhost:5000/hello/feko/ 都不会报错
Flask URL构建
URL重定向
from flask import Flask, redirect, url_for
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/admin/')
def hello_admin():
return 'Hello Admin'
@app.route('/guest/<guest>/')
def hello_guest(guest):
return 'Hello %s as Guest' % guest
@app.route('/user/<name>/')
def hello_user(name):
if name =='admin':
return redirect(url_for('hello_admin'))
else:
return redirect(url_for('hello_guest',guest = name))
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug = True)
打开浏览器并输入URL - http://localhost:5000/user/admin 浏览器中的应用程序响应是: Hello Admin 在浏览器中输入以下URL - http://localhost:5000/user/feko 应用程序响应现在更改为: Hello feko as Guest
HTTP方法
GET - 从指定的资源请求数据。以未加密的形式将数据发送到服务器。最常见的方法。 POST - 向指定的资源提交要被处理的数据,用于将HTML表单数据发送到服务器。 login.html
<html>
<body>
<form action = "http://192.168.209.211:5000/login/" method = "post">
<p>Enter Name:</p>
<p><input type = "text" name = "nm" /></p>
<p><input type = "submit" value = "submit" /></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Hello_development.py
from flask import Flask, redirect, url_for, request
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/success/<name>/')
def success(name):
return 'welcome %s' % name
@app.route('/login/',methods = ['POST', 'GET']) ##action 地址要对应,有'/'也有'/'
def login():
if request.method == 'POST':
user = request.form['nm']
return redirect(url_for('success',name = user))
else:
user = request.args.get('nm')
return redirect(url_for('success',name = user))
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug = True)
Flask 模板使用
render_template 函数用于渲染模板 模板必须放在templates目录下 Hello_development.py
from flask import Flask, render_template
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def index():
my_int = 1
my_str = 'fafa'
my_list = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
my_dict = {
'name': 'feko',
'age': 26
}
# render_template方法:渲染模板
# 参数1: 模板名称 参数n: 传到模板里的数据
return render_template('hello.html',
my_int=my_int,
my_str=my_str,
my_list=my_list,
my_dict=my_dict
)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)
cat templates/hello.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>我是模板</h3>
{{ my_int }}
<br>
{{ my_str }}
<br>
{{ my_list }}
<br>
{{ my_dict }}
<hr>
<h3>两种方法:模板的list数据获取</h3>
<hr>
{{ my_list[0] }}
<br>
{{ my_list.1 }}
<hr>
<h3>两种方法:字典数据获取</h3>
<hr>
{{ my_dict['name'] }}
<br>
{{ my_dict.age }}
<hr>
<h3>两种方法:算术运算</h3>
<br>
{{ my_list.0 + 10 }}
<br>
{{ my_list[0] + my_list.1 }}
</body>
</html>
Flask 静态文件 静态文件主要包括js/css文件,并存在static目录下 python程序去渲染html模板,模板再去调用js里面的函数 Hello_development.py
from flask import Flask, render_template
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route("/")
def index():
return render_template("index.html")
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug = True)
templates/index.html
<html>
<head>
<script type = "text/javascript"
src = "{{ url_for('static', filename = 'hello.js') }}" ></script>
</head>
<body>
<input type = "button" onclick = "sayHello()" value = "Say Hello" />
</body>
</html>
static/hello.js
function sayHello() {
alert("Hello World")
}
#Flask Request对象 来自客户端网页的数据作为全局请求对象发送到服务器。为了处理请求数据,应该从Flask模块导入。 Request对象的重要属性如下所列: Form - 它是一个字典对象,包含表单参数及其值的键和值对。 args - 解析查询字符串的内容,它是问号(?)之后的URL的一部分。 Cookies - 保存Cookie名称和值的字典对象。 files - 与上传文件有关的数据。 method - 当前请求方法。
Flask 将表单数据发送到模板
cat Hello_development.py ##主程序
from flask import Flask, render_template, request
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def student():
return render_template('student.html')
@app.route('/result',methods = ['POST','GET'])
def result():
if request.method == 'POST':
result = request.form
return render_template('result.html',result = result)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run('0.0.0.0',5000,debug = True)
cat templates/student.html ##脚本
<form action="http://192.168.209.211:5000/result" method="POST">
<p>Name <input type = "text" name = "Name"/></p>
<p>Physics <input type = "text" name = "Physics"/></p>
<p>Maths <input type = "text" name = "Maths"/></p>
<p><input type = "submit" value="submit"/></p>
</form>
cat templates/result.html ##模板
<!doctype html>
<table border = 1>
{% for key, value in result.items() %}
<tr>
<th>{{key}}</th>
<th>{{value}}</th>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>
Flask Cookies
Cookie以文本文件的形式存储在客户端的计算机上。其目的是记住和跟踪与客户使用相关的数据,以获得更好的访问者体验和网站统计信息。 Hello_development.py
from flask import Flask, make_response, request
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/set_cookies')
def set_cookies():
resp = make_response("success")
resp.set_cookie("cookie_id_1","009911", max_age=3600)
return resp
@app.route('/get_cookies')
def get_cookies():
cookies_get = request.cookies.get('cookie_id_1')
return cookies_get
@app.route('/delete_cookies')
def delete_cookies():
resp = make_response('del success')
resp.delete_cookie('cookie_id_1')
return resp
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run('0.0.0.0',5000,debug=True)
Flask Sessions(会话)
Session(会话)数据存储在服务器上。会话是客户端登录到服务器并注销服务器的时间间隔。 会话变量使用 cat Hello_development.py
#!/usr/bin/env ptyoh
# ~*~ coding: utf-8 ~*~
from flask import Flask, session, redirect, url_for, escape, request
app = Flask(__name__)
app.secret_key = '9988aabbkkllii'
@app.route('/')
def index():
if 'username' in session:
return "登录用户是:" + session["username"] + "<br><a rel="nofollow" href='/logout'>点击这里注销登录</a>"
return '''
你暂时没有登录 <br>
<a rel="nofollow" href='/login'>点击这里登录</a>
'''
@app.route('/login',methods = ['POST','GET'])
def login():
if request.method == 'POST':
session["username"] = request.form["username"] ##可以直接当作dict使用
return redirect(url_for('index'))
return '''
<form action = '' method = 'POST'>
<p>username:<input type='text' name = 'username' <br></p>
<p><input type='submit' value = 'submit'</p>
</form>
'''
@app.route('/logout')
def logout():
session.pop('username',None)
return redirect(url_for('index'))
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run('0.0.0.0',5000,debug = True)
Flask 重定向和错误
重定向 Flask.redirect(location, statuscode, response) 在上述函数中: location参数是应该重定向响应的URL。 statuscode发送到浏览器标头,默认为302。 response参数用于实例化响应。 错误 Flask类具有带有错误代码的abort()函数。
Flask.abort(code) code参数采用以下值之一: 400 - 用于错误请求 401 - 用于未身份验证的 403 - Forbidden 404 - 未找到 406 - 表示不接受 415 - 用于不支持的媒体类型 429 - 请求过多
Hello_development.py
#!/usr/bin/env ptyoh
# ~*~ coding: utf-8 ~*~
from flask import Flask, session, redirect, url_for, escape, request,render_template,abort
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def index():
return render_template('log_in.html')
@app.route('/login',methods = ['POST','GET'])
def login():
if request.method == 'POST':
if request.form["username"] == "admin":
return redirect(url_for('success'),301)
else:
abort(401)
else:
return redirect(url_for('index'))
@app.route('/success')
def success():
return "login is success"
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run('0.0.0.0',5000,debug = True)
templates/log_in.html
<form action="/login" method="post" >
<p>username:<input type="text" name="username"/></p>
<p><input type="submit" value="submit"/></p>
</form>
Flask 消息闪现
一个好的基于 GUI 的应用程序会向用户提供有关交互的反馈。 简单使用: 后端定义flash("login successful!!") 模板获取get_flashed_messages()
Hello_development.py
#!/usr/bin/env ptyoh
# ~*~ coding: utf-8 ~*~
from flask import Flask, session, redirect, url_for, escape, request,render_template,abort,flash
import os
app = Flask(__name__)
app.secret_key=os.urandom(32)
@app.route('/')
def index():
return render_template('index.html')
@app.route('/login',methods = ['POST','GET'])
def login():
error = None
if request.method == 'POST':
if request.form['username'] != "admin" or request.form['password'] != "admin":
error = "Invalid username or passworld!!!"
else:
flash("login is successful!!!")
return redirect(url_for('index'))
return render_template('login.html',error = error)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run('0.0.0.0',5000,debug = True)
templates/index.html
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Index</title>
</head>
<body>
{% with messages = get_flashed_messages() %}
{% if messages %}
{% for i in messages %}
{{i}}
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}
{% endwith %}
<p>Do you want to <a rel="nofollow" href="{{ url_for('login') }}">log in?</a></p>
</body>
</html>
templates/login.html
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Login</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/login" method="post">
<p>username:<input type="text" name="username"/></p>
<p>password:<input type="text" name="password"/></p>
<p><input type="submit" value="submit"/></p>
</form>
{% if error %}
<p>ERROR:{{error}}</p>
{% endif %}
</body>
</html>
Flask 文件上传
在 Flask 中处理文件上传非常简单。它需要一个 HTML 表单,其 enctype 属性设置为“multipart / form-data”,将文件发布到 URL。URL 处理程序从 request.files[] 对象中提取文件,并将其保存到所需的位置。
Hello_development.py
#!/usr/bin/env ptyoh
# ~*~ coding: utf-8 ~*~
from flask import Flask, request,render_template
from werkzeug.utils import secure_filename
import os
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'] = 'upload/'
@app.route('/upload')
def upload():
return render_template('upload.html')
@app.route('/upload_file',methods = ['POST','GET'])
def upload_file():
if request.method == 'POST':
f = request.files["file"]
f.save(os.path.join(app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'],secure_filename(f.filename)))
return "upload file is successful!!!"
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run('0.0.0.0',5000,debug = True)
templates/upload.html
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>file upload</title>
</head>
<form action="/upload_file" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<p><input type="file" name="file" accept=".jpg,.png,.zip,.tar.gz"/>
<input type="submit" value="submit"/></p>
<p>注意:上传的文件名默认不支持中文命名</p>
</form>
</html>
Flask扩展
Flask通常被称为微框架,因为核心功能包括基于Werkzeug的WSGI和路由以及基于Jinja2的模板引擎。此外,Flask框架还支持cookie和会话,以及JSON,静态文件等Web帮助程序。这不足以开发完整的Web应用程序。Flask扩展为Flask框架提供了可扩展性。 Flask扩展是一个Python模块 重要的Flask扩展: Flask Mail - 为Flask应用程序提供SMTP接口 Flask WTF - 添加WTForms的渲染和验证 Flask SQLAlchemy - 为Flask应用程序添加SQLAlchemy支持 Flask Sijax - Sijax的接口 - Python/jQuery库,使AJAX易于在Web应用程序中使用
Flask扩展之邮件
Flask-Mail扩展使得与任何电子邮件服务器建立简单的接口变得非常容易,属于python模块,可以用pip安装。 使用Mail类来配置邮箱和发送邮件,Message类来封装邮件. 测试账号 jkfeko94@163.com jkfeko9488889999 #密码 WGPJPPBTONSIQKCE #
Hello_development.py
from flask import Flask
from flask_mail import Mail,Message
app= Flask(__name__)
##定义邮件配置
app.config['MAIL_SERVER'] = 'smtp.163.com'
app.config['MAIL_PORT'] = 465
app.config['MAIL_USERNAME'] = 'jkfeko94@163.com'
app.config['MAIL_PASSWORD'] = 'WGPJPPBTONSIQKCE'
app.config['MAIL_USE_TLS'] = False
app.config['MAIL_USE_SSL'] = True
##创建实例
mail = Mail(app)
@app.route('/')
def index():
msg = Message('Flask Mail',sender=app.config['MAIL_USERNAME'],recipients=['xxxx@qq.com'])
msg.body = "This is a flask mail send test.."
mail.send(msg)
return 'sent'
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run('0.0.0.0',5000,debug=True)
Flask扩展之WTF
WTForms表单:Web应用程序的一个重要方面是为用户提供用户界面的扩展。 如果通过html创建表单:表单元素必须定义两次 - 一次在HTML中,另一次在服务器端脚本中。 用WTF就只创建一次即可。 WTF两大部分 wtforms标准表单字段:如 TextField 表示<input type ='text'> ##HTML表单元素 validators验证器:如validators.DataRequired("不能为空") ##不输入会返回error="不能为空"
forms.py
from flask_wtf import FlaskForm
from wtforms import RadioField,TextAreaField,SelectField,IntegerField,SubmitField,StringField
from wtforms import validators, ValidationError
import email_validator
##创建联系人的类,包括名字,性别,地址,邮箱,年龄,技能语言
##用到WTF 必须继承FlaskForm类
class ContactForm(FlaskForm):
name = StringField('姓名',[validators.DataRequired('姓名不能为空,请输入正常的名字!!!')])
gender = RadioField('性别',choices=[('M','男'),('F','女')])
address = TextAreaField("住址")
email = StringField('邮箱',[validators.DataRequired('邮箱不能为空!!'),validators.Email("邮箱格式错误,请输入正确格式")])
age = IntegerField('年龄')
language = SelectField('编程语言',choices=[('cpp','C++'),('py','python')])
submit = SubmitField('提交')
Hello_development.py
from flask import Flask,render_template,request,flash
from forms import ContactForm
import os
app = Flask(__name__)
app.secret_key = os.urandom(32)
@app.route('/contact',methods=['POST','GET'])
def contact():
form = ContactForm() #实例化联系人表单
if request.method == 'POST':
if form.validate() == False: ##检查表单输入是否有误
flash("输入内容有误")
return render_template('contact.html', form=form)
else:
name = form.name.data ##获取表单值
gender = form.gender.data
email = form.email.data
age = form.age.data
language = form.language.data
return str(name) + "<br>" + \
str(gender) + "<br>" +\
str(email) + "<br>" +\
str(age) + "<br>" +\
str(language) + "<br>" +\
"<br> post contact is successful!!!"
return render_template('contact.html',form = form)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run('0.0.0.0',5000,debug=True)
templates/contact.html
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<title>联系人表单填写</title>
</head>
<body>
联系人表单填写
{% with msg = get_flashed_messages() %}
{% if msg %}
{% for i in msg %}
{{ i }}
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}
{% endwith %}
{% for msg in form.name.errors %}
<div>{{ msg }}</div>
{% endfor %}
{% for msg in form.email.errors %}
<div>{{ msg }}</div>
{% endfor %}
{% for msg in form.age.errors %}
<div>{{ msg }}</div>
{% endfor %}
<form action="/contact" method="post">
<fieldset>
<legend>联系人表单填写内容</legend>
<!-- 渲染所有隐藏字段,包括跨站请求伪造保护 -->
{{ form.hidden_tag() }}
<div style=" font-size:20px;font-weight:bold; margin-left: 600px;">
{{ form.name.label }} <br>
{{ form.name }} <br>
{{ form.gender.label }} {{ form.gender }} <br>
{{ form.address.label }} <br>
{{ form.address }} <br>
{{ form.email.label }} <br>
{{ form.email }} <br>
{{ form.age.label }} <br>
{{ form.age }} <br>
{{ form.language.label }} <br>
{{ form.language }} <br>
{{ form.submit }}
</div>
</fieldset>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Flask扩展之SQLite3
创建sqlite数据库和表 Create_Sqlite.py
import sqlite3
con = sqlite3.connect('database.db')
cur = con.cursor()
cur.execute('create table contact (name TEXT, gender TEXT, email TEXT, age TEXT, language TEXT)')
con.commit()
con.close()
Hello_development.py
from flask import Flask,render_template,request,flash
from forms import ContactForm
import sqlite3
import os
app = Flask(__name__)
app.secret_key = os.urandom(32)
@app.route('/')
def home():
return render_template('home.html')
@app.route('/contact',methods=['POST','GET'])
def contact():
form = ContactForm() #实例化联系人表单
if request.method == 'POST':
if form.validate() == False: ##检查表单输入是否有误
flash("输入内容有误")
return render_template('contact.html', form=form)
else:
try:
name = form.name.data
gender = form.gender.data
email = form.email.data
age = form.age.data
language = form.language.data
with sqlite3.connect("database.db") as con: ##要先手动创建sqlite数据库和表
cur = con.cursor()
cont = [(name,gender,email,age,language)]
cur.executemany('INSERT INTO contact(name,gender,email,age,language) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)', cont)
con.commit()
msg = "Record successfully added."
except:
con.rollback()
#msg = "error record is fail."
finally:
con.close()
return render_template('result.html',msg = msg)
return render_template('contact.html',form = form)
@app.route('/show')
def show():
with sqlite3.connect("database.db") as con: ##要先手动创建sqlite数据库和表
con.row_factory = sqlite3.Row #将设置row_factory为callable sqlite3.Row,将普通元组转换为更有用的对象。
cur = con.cursor()
cur.execute('select * from contact')
rows = cur.fetchall()
return render_template('show.html',rows = rows)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run('0.0.0.0',5000,debug=True)
templates/home.html
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>SQLITE3数据库的读写</title>
</head>
SQLITE3数据库的读写
<p>
<a rel="nofollow" href="/contact">点击进入联系人信息录入界面</a>
</p> <br>
<p>
<a rel="nofollow" href="/show">点击进入联系人信息查看界面</a>
</p>
<body>
</body>
templates/contact.html
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<title>联系人表单填写</title>
</head>
<body>
联系人表单填写
{% with msg = get_flashed_messages() %}
{% if msg %}
{% for i in msg %}
{{ i }}
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}
{% endwith %}
{% for msg in form.name.errors %}
<div>{{ msg }}</div>
{% endfor %}
{% for msg in form.email.errors %}
<div>{{ msg }}</div>
{% endfor %}
{% for msg in form.age.errors %}
<div>{{ msg }}</div>
{% endfor %}
<form action="/contact" method="post">
<fieldset>
<legend>联系人表单填写内容</legend>
<!-- 渲染所有隐藏字段,包括跨站请求伪造保护 -->
{{ form.hidden_tag() }}
<div style=" font-size:20px;font-weight:bold; margin-left: 600px;">
{{ form.name.label }} <br>
{{ form.name }} <br>
{{ form.gender.label }} {{ form.gender }} <br>
{{ form.address.label }} <br>
{{ form.address }} <br>
{{ form.email.label }} <br>
{{ form.email }} <br>
{{ form.age.label }} <br>
{{ form.age }} <br>
{{ form.language.label }} <br>
{{ form.language }} <br>
{{ form.submit }} <br>
<p>
<a rel="nofollow" href="/">点击返回首页</a>
</p>
</div>
</fieldset>
</form>
</body>
</html>
templates/show.html
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>联系人信息查看界面</title>
</head>
<body>
联系人信息查看界面
<table border = 1>
<thead>
<td>Name</td>
<td>gender</td>
<td>gender</td>
<td>age</td>
<td>language</td>
</thead>
{% for i in rows %}
<tr>
<td>{{i["name"]}}</td>
<td>{{i["gender"]}}</td>
<td> {{ i["email"]}}</td>
<td>{{i['age']}}</td>
<td>{{i['language']}}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="/">Go to home!!</a></p>
</body>
</html>
templates/result.html
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>SQLITE3数据库读写返回状态</title>
</head>
SQLITE3数据库读写返回状态
{{ msg }} <br>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="/">Go to home!!</a></p>
<body>
</body>
</html>
Flask SQLAlchemy
SQLAlchemy,Python工具包是一个强大的ORM,将内容存储在对象的方式 模块安装 SQLAlchemy 1.3版本 Flask-SQLAlchemy 2.4.4版本
templates/home.html
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>SQLAlchemy SQL工具包及对象关系映射(ORM)工具</title>
</head>
<body>
SQLAlchemy SQL工具包及对象关系映射(ORM)工具
<p>
<a rel="nofollow" href="/newstu">点击进入学生信息录入界面</a>
</p> <br>
<p>
<a rel="nofollow" href="/showstu">点击进入学生信息查看界面</a>
</p>
</body>
</html>
templates/newstu.html
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>学生信息录入-Flask SQLAlchemy 使用</title>
</head>
学生信息录入-Flask SQLAlchemy 使用
{% for msg in get_flashed_messages() %}
{{ msg }}
{% endfor %}
<form action="{{ url_for('stu') }}" method="post">
<p>姓名:<input type="text" name="name"></p>
<p>城市:<input type="text" name="city"></p>
<p>地址:<textarea name="addr"></textarea></p>
<p>手机号码:<input type="text" name="phone"></p>
<p><input type="submit" value="submit"></p>
</form>
<a rel="nofollow" href="/">返回主页</a>
</html>
templates/showstu.html
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>学生信息查询结果</title>
</head>
学生信息查询结果
<table border = 1>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>城市</th>
<th>地址</th>
<th>手机号码</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for stu in students %}
<tr>
<td>{{stu.name}}</td>
<td>{{stu.city}}</td>
<td>{{stu.addr}}</td>
<td>{{stu.phone}}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
<a rel="nofollow" href="/">返回主页</a>
</html>
Hello_development.py
from flask import Flask,render_template,request,flash
import os,pymysql
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
app = Flask(__name__)
app.secret_key = os.urandom(32)
# 设置连接sqlite3数据库的URL
# app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:///stu.db'
# app.config["SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS"] = False
# 设置连接mysql数据库的URL
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'mysql+pymysql://root:123456@192.168.5.157:3306/test'
# 设置每次请求结束后会自动提交数据库的改动
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_COMMIT_ON_TEARDOWN'] = True
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = True
# 查询时显示原始SQL语句
#app.config['SQLALCHEMY_ECHO'] = True
db = SQLAlchemy(app) ##实例化
class Students(db.Model): ##继承父类Model
__tablename__ = 'students'
id = db.Column('student_id', db.Integer, primary_key = True)
name = db.Column(db.String(100))
city = db.Column(db.String(200))
addr = db.Column(db.String(100))
phone = db.Column(db.String(200))
def __init__(self, name, city, addr, phone):
self.name = name
self.city = city
self.addr = addr
self.phone = phone
@app.route('/')
def home():
#db.create_all() ##可以用这个来创建表结构一般创建完就注释的
return render_template('home.html')
@app.route('/newstu')
def newstu():
return render_template('newstu.html')
@app.route('/showstu')
def showstu():
return render_template('showstu.html',students = Students.query.all())
@app.route('/stu',methods=['POST'])
def stu():
if request.method == 'POST':
if not request.form['name'] or not request.form['city'] or not request.form['addr'] or not request.form['phone']:
flash('Input cannot be empty')
else:
student = Students(request.form['name'],request.form['city'],request.form['addr'],request.form['phone'])
db.session.add(student)
db.session.commit()
flash("Record was successfully added")
return render_template('newstu.html')
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run('0.0.0.0',5000,debug=True)
Flask AJAX
AJAX不是JavaScript的规范,它只是一个哥们“发明”的缩写:Asynchronous JavaScript and XML,意思就是用JavaScript执行异步网络请求。 如果仔细观察一个Form的提交,你就会发现,一旦用户点击“Submit”按钮,表单开始提交,浏览器就会刷新页面,然后在新页面里告诉你操作是成功了还是失败了。如果不幸由于网络太慢或者其他原因,就会得到一个404页面。这就是Web的运作原理:一次HTTP请求对应一个页面。 如果要让用户留在当前页面中,同时发出新的HTTP请求,就必须用JavaScript发送这个新请求,接收到数据后,再用JavaScript更新页面,这样一来,用户就感觉自己仍然停留在当前页面,但是数据却可以不断地更新。 最早大规模使用AJAX的就是Gmail,Gmail的页面在首次加载后,剩下的所有数据都依赖于AJAX来更新。 用JavaScript写一个完整的AJAX代码并不复杂,但是需要注意:AJAX请求是异步执行的,也就是说,要通过回调函数获得响应
templates/ajax.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>ajax</title>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js"></script>
<body>
<form id="my_form">
name: <input name="name" type="text"/><br>
age: <input name="age" type="text"/><br>
<input id="my_button" type="button" value="button"/>
</form>
<script>
$("#my_button").click(function () {
$.ajax({
url:"/test_post",
type:"POST",
dataType:"json",
async:true,
data:$("#my_form").serialize(),
success:function (result) {
// 回调函数,处理app.py返回的结果
alert(result['ok'])
},
error:function (XMLHttpRequest,textStatus,errorThrown) {
alert(XMLHttpRequest.status)
alert(XMLHttpRequest.readyState)
alert(textStatus)
}
});
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
Hello_development.py
import os,json
from flask import Flask,render_template,jsonify,request,redirect,url_for
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def home():
return render_template('ajax.html')
@app.route('/test_post',methods=['POST','GET'])
def test_post():
if request.method == 'POST':
name=request.form.get('name')
age=request.form.get('age')
print(name,age)
return jsonify({'ok': True})
return redirect(url_for('home'))
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run('0.0.0.0',5000,debug=True)
以上全部代码均实操通过,时间20210322