参考链接：http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-25829053-id-3067619.html
http://blog.itpub.net/23718752/viewspace-1146471/
192.168.20.249挂载1T硬盘
1 fdisk -l #查看要挂载的硬盘容量
显示如下：
Disk /dev/sdb: 999.7 GB
2 fdisk /dev/sdb #创建分区
m 打印帮助菜单
p 显示分区/打印分区
d 删除分区
n 新建分区
3 格式化
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
具体操作如下：
root@ubu020249:/opt/backup# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 599.6 GB, 599550590976 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 72891 cylinders, total 1170997248 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0006ca04
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1137901567 568949760 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1137903614 1170995199 16545793 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 1137903616 1170995199 16545792 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdb: 999.7 GB, 999653638144 bytes
2 heads, 1 sectors/track, 976224256 cylinders, total 1952448512 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x27638d58
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 1048578047 524288000 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 1952448511 1952448511 0+ 83 Linux #这里的0+表示该分区容量为0，分区划分的有问题
root@ubu020249:/opt/backup# fdisk /dev/sdb #重新划分分区
Command (m for help): p #打印分区
Disk /dev/sdb: 999.7 GB, 999653638144 bytes
2 heads, 1 sectors/track, 976224256 cylinders, total 1952448512 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x27638d58
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 1048578047 524288000 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 1952448511 1952448511 0+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): d #删除分区，
Partition number (1-4): 1 #选择删除哪个分区
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 999.7 GB, 999653638144 bytes
2 heads, 1 sectors/track, 976224256 cylinders, total 1952448512 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x27638d58
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb2 1952448511 1952448511 0+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): d #默认删除第二个分区
Selected partition 2
Command (m for help): p #打印分区表
Disk /dev/sdb: 999.7 GB, 999653638144 bytes
2 heads, 1 sectors/track, 976224256 cylinders, total 1952448512 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x27638d58
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n #新建分区
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p #划分主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 #选择1
First sector (2048-1952448511, default 2048): #此处默认回车即可
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-1952448511, default 1952448511): +600G
Command (m for help): n #新建分区
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p #划分主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 2): 2 #选择2
First sector (1258293248-1952448511, default 1258293248): 此处默认回车
Using default value 1258293248
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (1258293248-1952448511, default 1952448511): +390G
Value out of range. #报超出范围
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (1258293248-1952448511, default 1952448511): +330G #不报错
Command (m for help): p #打印分区
Disk /dev/sdb: 999.7 GB, 999653638144 bytes
2 heads, 1 sectors/track, 976224256 cylinders, total 1952448512 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x27638d58
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 1258293247 629145600 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 1258293248 1950353407 346030080 83 Linux
Command (m for help): d #删除第二个分区
Partition number (1-4): 2
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 999.7 GB, 999653638144 bytes
2 heads, 1 sectors/track, 976224256 cylinders, total 1952448512 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x27638d58
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 1258293247 629145600 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n #新建分区
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p #创建主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 2): 2
First sector (1258293248-1952448511, default 1258293248): 默认回车
Using default value 1258293248
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (1258293248-1952448511, default 1952448511): 1258293248 #选择了起始值
Command (m for help): p #打印分区
Disk /dev/sdb: 999.7 GB, 999653638144 bytes
2 heads, 1 sectors/track, 976224256 cylinders, total 1952448512 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x27638d58
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 1258293247 629145600 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 1258293248 1258293248 0+ 83 Linux #显示该分区容量为0
Command (m for help): d #删除第二个分区
Partition number (1-4): 2
Command (m for help): p #打印分区表
Disk /dev/sdb: 999.7 GB, 999653638144 bytes
2 heads, 1 sectors/track, 976224256 cylinders, total 1952448512 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x27638d58
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 1258293247 629145600 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n #新建分枢
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p #主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 2): 2
First sector (1258293248-1952448511, default 1258293248): #此处默认回车
Using default value 1258293248
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (1258293248-1952448511, default 1952448511): 1952448511 #输入末位的这个值
Command (m for help): p #打印分区
Disk /dev/sdb: 999.7 GB, 999653638144 bytes
2 heads, 1 sectors/track, 976224256 cylinders, total 1952448512 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x27638d58
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 1258293247 629145600 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 1258293248 1952448511 347077632 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w #保存
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
格式化分区
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb2
挂载
mount /dev/sdb1 /opt/backup/online/
mount /dev/sdb2 /opt/backup/offline/
root@ubu020:/opt/backup# df -Th #查看硬盘容量
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 ext4 534G 1.5G 506G 1% /
none tmpfs 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
udev devtmpfs 7.8G 4.0K 7.8G 1% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 1.1M 1.6G 1% /run
none tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
none tmpfs 7.8G 4.0K 7.8G 1% /run/shm
none tmpfs 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user
/dev/sdb1 ext4 591G 70M 561G 1% /opt/backup/online #999.7 GB的盘，挂上来之后只有870G
/dev/sdb2 ext4 326G 67M 310G 1% /opt/backup/offline
卸载
umount /opt/backup/online
umount /opt/backup/offline
root@ubu020249:/opt/backup# df -Th #查看硬盘容量 已成功卸载
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 ext4 534G 1.5G 506G 1% /
none tmpfs 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
udev devtmpfs 7.8G 4.0K 7.8G 1% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 1.1M 1.6G 1% /run
none tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
none tmpfs 7.8G 4.0K 7.8G 1% /run/shm
none tmpfs 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user
以下是最简便的划分分区方法：即只划分一个分区
root@ubu020249:/opt/backup# fdisk -l #查看分区情况
Disk /dev/sda: 599.6 GB, 599550590976 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 72891 cylinders, total 1170997248 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0006ca04
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1137901567 568949760 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1137903614 1170995199 16545793 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 1137903616 1170995199 16545792 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdb: 999.7 GB, 999653638144 bytes
2 heads, 1 sectors/track, 976224256 cylinders, total 1952448512 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x27638d58
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 1258293247 629145600 83 Linux #第二盘有两个分区
/dev/sdb2 1258293248 1952448511 347077632 83 Linux
root@ubu020249:/opt/backup# fdisk /dev/sdb #对第二块盘重新分区
Command (m for help): p #打印分区
Disk /dev/sdb: 999.7 GB, 999653638144 bytes
2 heads, 1 sectors/track, 976224256 cylinders, total 1952448512 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x27638d58
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 1258293247 629145600 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 1258293248 1952448511 347077632 83 Linux
Command (m for help): d #删除分区
Partition number (1-4): 1
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 2
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 999.7 GB, 999653638144 bytes
2 heads, 1 sectors/track, 976224256 cylinders, total 1952448512 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x27638d58
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n #新建分区
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p #主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-1952448511, default 2048): #此处默认回车
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-1952448511, default 1952448511): 1952448511 #写默认最后边的数
Command (m for help): w #保存
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
格式化
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
挂载
mount /dev/sdb1 /opt/backup/
查看硬盘容量
root@ubu020249:/opt/backup# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 ext4 534G 1.5G 506G 1% /
none tmpfs 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
udev devtmpfs 7.8G 4.0K 7.8G 1% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 1.1M 1.6G 1% /run
none tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
none tmpfs 7.8G 4.0K 7.8G 1% /run/shm
none tmpfs 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user
/dev/sdb1 ext4 917G 72M 870G 1% /opt/backup #查看硬盘容量也是870G
配置开机启动项
vi /etc/fstab
/dev/sdb1 /opt/backup ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/sdb1 代表哪个分区
/opt/backup挂载的位置
ext4 是该分区的格式
defaults 是挂载时所要设定的参数(只读，读写，启用quota等)，
输入defaults包括的参数有(rw、dev、exec、auto、nouser、async) ，
1是使用dump是否要记录，0是不要。
2是开机时检查的顺序，是boot系统文件就为1，其他文件系统都为2，如不要检查就为0
mount --bind 命令来将两个目录连接起来，
mount --bind命令是将前一个目录挂载到后一个目录上，所有对后一个目录的访问其实都是对前一个目录的访问
[root@auth tmp]# ls -lid test1 test2 #会发现两个目录inode节点是不一样的
1193910 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 5 7 15:55 test1
1193911 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 5 7 15:55 test2
[root@auth tmp]# ll test1/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2 5 7 15:58 1.txt
[root@auth tmp]# ll test2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2 5 7 15:58 2.txt
[root@auth tmp]# mount --bind test1 test2
[root@auth tmp]# mount
/dev/sda3 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
/var/tmp/test1 on /var/tmp/test2 type none (rw,bind)
[root@auth tmp]# ls -lid test2
1193910 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 5 7 15:58 test2 #i节点变成和test1一样了
[root@auth tmp]# ll test2 #目录下的文件也是test1目录下的文件
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2 5 7 15:58 1.txt
解挂载后
[root@auth tmp]# umount test2
[root@auth tmp]# ls -l test2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2 5 7 15:58 2.txt
将test2挂载到test1上
[root@auth tmp]# mount --bind test2 test1
[root@auth tmp]# ls -l test1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2 5 7 15:58 2.txt
参考链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/xingmuxin/p/8446115.html
